Gender-based analysis plus

Introduction

In 2018, Parliament passed the Canadian Gender Budgeting Act. The departmental plans and departmental results reports are being used to fulfill the President of the Treasury Board’s obligations to make public, every year, analysis on the impacts of expenditure programs on gender and diversity.

Each organization is responsible for conducting their own Gender-based Analysis Plus (GBA Plus)

Applicability

All organizations must complete GBA Plus supplementary information tables in departmental plans and departmental results reports on an annual basis.

General information: Institutional GBA Plus capacity

Governance

The Privy Council Office (PCO) is working closely with the Department of Women and Gender Equality and the Treasury Board Secretariat to establish government-wide expectations on GBA Plus. This includes providing guidance to departments and agencies on how GBA Plus is reflected in MCs, as well as utilizing DM Committees to regularly outline GBA Plus expectations.

At PCO, the primary governance mechanisms for GBA Plus are the Assistant Secretary GBA Plus Committee and the PCO GBA Plus Framework. 

The PCO Assistant Secretary GBA Plus Committee is composed of all Assistant Secretaries. In 2024-25, the Committee will continue to serve as the primary senior management governance and decision-making body for integrating GBA Plus into the broad range of PCO business lines. The Committee serves as a vehicle for Secretariats to report on progress in ensuring better application of GBA Plus in the policy process/in their work, as well as to brief on areas such as the completion of mandatory GBA Plus training for their staff.

In 2024-25, PCO will continue to implement the PCO GBA Plus Framework. The Framework includes six elements:

1. Policy Statement: PCO commits to ensuring that its roles align with the Government of Canada’s commitments to GBA Plus.
2. Accountability: The Framework identifies key roles and responsibilities for a number of accountable parties including: The Champion for GBA Plus, PCO Deputy Secretaries, the Assistant Secretary to the Cabinet (Social Development Policy), the Assistant Secretary GBA Plus Committee, Assistant Secretaries to the Cabinet, the GBA Plus Focal Point, and all PCO employees in the EC, EX, LP, and LC groups.
3. Tools and Training: PCO’s Due-Diligence and Evidence-Based Analysis Tool enables systematic examination of gender and other important cross-cutting factors to inform risk‑informed, evidence-based and sound public policy making. Further tools are developed and maintained.
4. GBA Plus Pilot Initiative: PCO developed a small-scale pilot “Deep Dive” review to enhance intersectional considerations in Memoranda to Cabinet.
5. Organizational Needs Assessment: PCO commits to developing a workplan and multi-year implementation strategy to embed intersectionality into the work of PCO.
6. Ongoing Monitoring: PCO commits to monitor and report on implementation through the GBA Plus Implementation Survey, and key corporate reporting mechanisms including the Departmental Plan and Departmental Results Report.

Capacity

All PCO executives and analysts are responsible for supporting GBA Plus implementation in their roles, as appropriate. In addition, PCO continues to maintain a Champion for GBA Plus at the Deputy Secretary level who is supported by the GBA Plus Focal Point (1 FTE). Together, they promote awareness of intersectionality at PCO by:

• promoting the value of inclusive intersectionality to inform Cabinet decision-making;
• raising awareness of intersectionality in and outside PCO through, for example GBA Plus Awareness Week, speaking engagements and presentations to internal and external committees;
• providing guidance to PCO senior managers and employees on their responsibilities with respect to GBA Plus; and,
• promoting training for PCO employees so that they can strengthen intersectional considerations when undertaking the challenge-function role and providing advice.

To build capacity within the department, a departmental GBA Plus Framework was developed and published in November 2023. PCO’s GBA Plus Network will support the implementation of this Framework. Social Development Policy and the Results and Delivery Unit will continue to co-chair the Assistant Secretary GBA Plus Committee.

Further, PCO will continue to enact its GBA Management Response Plus Action Plan in collaboration with WAGE and TBS. It is anticipated that all PCO-led elements of the Action Plan will be implemented by the end of 2024-25.

PCO’s Corporate Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Team (Human Resources Group)

PCO’s Corporate Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Team will continue to:

• Recommend the Canadian School of Public Service (CSPS) Gender-based Analysis Plus (GBA Plus) training (INC101) to all new employees; and,
• Support the departmental BIPOC Mentorship Program and launching the sponsorship program.

PCO’s Chief Diversity Officer and Anti-Racism Secretariat

In September 2023, the Clerk of the Privy Council Office announced the creation of the Chief Diversity Officer (CDO) role and an Anti-Racism Secretariat at PCO to advance Inclusion, Diversity, Equity and Anti-racism within the department. The role of the CDO and Anti-Racism Secretariat consists of three main components:

1. Leading the development of an Anti-Racism Action Plan for PCO and supporting the PCO executive team in its implementation.
2. Supporting the culture of inclusion within PCO.
3. Acting as a centre of expertise in providing strategic advice to the Clerk, the Deputy Clerk and the broader PCO community.

In 2024-25, the Anti-Racism Secretariat will be advancing the 3 areas in the following ways that will further an equity and anti-racism capacity for the department:

• Responding to the Clerk’s Call to Action by challenging leadership to hire a diverse workforce that is reflective of the Canadian population particularly given the strategic positioning of PCO and its influence in driving systemic change;
• Developing career development programs for employees from equity-deserving groups and supporting the policy capacity pipeline and EX-feeder group pipeline;
• Developing training materials to support staff in better integrating Anti-racism, Equity and Inclusion in their work and building capacity in an anti-racism lens;
• Providing the Clerk, the Deputy Clerk and the broader PCO community with strategic advice on how to integrate an Anti-racism lens to decision-making.

Advancing inclusion, diversity, equity, and anti-racism, including by leveraging GBA Plus, is anticipated to strengthen PCO’s organizational capacity to surface and address intersectional policy considerations, better meeting the diverse needs of a broad range of Canadians.

National Security and Intelligence Advisor (NSIA) Branch

All areas of the NSIA branch are seized with maintaining and improving GBA Plus capacity and applying GBA Plus considerations to the department’s mandate. Throughout 2022 and 2023, the NSIA branch effectively applied a GBA Plus lens to a wide variety of policy and assessment files to integrate intersectional considerations into strategic decision making across the Department and will continue to do so in 2024-25.

PCO’s National Security and Intelligence Advisor (NSIA) Branch will continue to advance the implementation of GBA Plus to help strive for federal initiatives that are responsive and inclusive for Canadians. In ensuring there are analysts who are assigned to report on and monitor implementation of GBA Plus, the NSIA branch is committed to making GBA Plus an integral part of its policies, programs, operations, and issues management considerations.

GBA Plus Reporting Leads have been identified within the branch’s secretariats as part of its focus on strengthening GBA Plus Frameworks. Leads are tasked with the assessment of programs, and supporting the coordination of GBA Plus reporting related to the security and intelligence, defence, foreign affairs, and emergency preparedness. Analysts will continue to conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses, examining how various intersecting identity factors impact the effectiveness of the federal initiatives, as well as to provide PCO oversight, coordination, challenge, and support functions. In 2024-25, GBA Plus Reporting Leads will continue to monitor additional methods for evaluating and implementing the GBA Plus Framework in daily operations and policies.

One major initiative underway in the NSIA branch is prioritizing training on understanding and identifying bias to ensure that all Memoranda to Cabinet, policy proposals, and strategic assessments are structured and objective. The NSIA branch is currently developing GBA Plus training courses and workshops through the Canadian Academy of Intelligence Analysis (CAIA), as well as offering current courses through the Canada School of Public Service (CSPS). This training allows GBA Plus Leads and analysts to identify areas of opportunity and improvement across the security and intelligence community. This initiative considers issues of hiring, retention and community building, personnel training, as well as analysis of the relationships intelligence organizations have with, and the effects they have on, diverse and equity-deserving communities.

In early 2024, Security and Intelligence GBA Plus Leads will continue to monitor GBA Plus goals and intelligence community-related programs in line with the Department’s Canadian Intelligence Priorities Results and Delivery Framework. Data and analysis will continue to be used to inform updates and recommendations to Cabinet, as all Cabinet proposals undergo a comprehensive GBA plus review. The NSIA branch supports GBA Plus work related to new policy and program proposals presented for senior management approval to monitor and report on the quality and consistency of GBA Plus application. In executing its challenge function role, the NSIA branch reviews the implementation of GBA Plus on all Memoranda to Cabinet and other policy proposals submitted by departments. The NSIA branch will continue to liaise with the PCO GBA Plus Departmental Lead to better evaluate the implementation of GBA Plus in MCs and other products developed by departments.

One final major initiative facilitated by the NSIA branch in 2023, that will contribute to future year efforts, is the Intelligence Analysis Community of Practice (IACOP). This initiative is designed to support professional development and coordination of the Canadian intelligence community (IC) developed by promoting and implementing community level initiatives, such as training and learning, career development, community excellence and Equity, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI). GBA Plus and EDI are key pillars in all CoP initiatives and underpin the work that it does across the intelligence community towards diversifying the workforce and creating an inclusive workplace culture. As the CoP is a new initiative, GBA Plus data is not yet available. However, in the upcoming year, the IACOP will be better positioned to provide statistics for its initiatives.

Highlights of GBA Plus results reporting by program

Program: International Affairs and National Security

National Security and Intelligence Advisor (NSIA) Branch: National Security and International Affairs Program

1. Does this program collect sufficient data to enable it to monitor and/or report program impacts by gender and diversity (GBA Plus)?  [Yes / No]

Yes. The NSIA branch overall continues to collect sufficient data to enable monitoring and reporting on program impacts. Within the scope of the intelligence community, the NSIA branch will continue to conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses related to GBA Plus issues. In 2024-25, it is expected that data collection will focus largely on qualitative research into intelligence as a practice, as well as research into transparency practices when intelligence organizations conduct targeted outreach to diverse and equity deserving groups. To note, the NSIA branch does not collect data on policy proposals as they are developed by clients and owned by Ministers. Data collected pursuant to implementation is stewarded by the responsible department/agency. The NSIA branch ensures that GBA Plus is utilized in providing support to Ministers and in leading the federal response to events of national significance.

2.  If yes, describe (as relevant) any notable future initiatives to expand the program’s capacity to report on impacts by gender and diversity and timelines.

In early 2024-25, the NSIA branch will lead a data collection exercise consisting of a survey of GBA Plus questions to key intelligence community organizations to support a qualitative analysis in line with the Intelligence Priorities Results and Delivery Framework. The NSIA branch will also conduct and coordinate a quantitative survey on demographics within the intelligence analyst community, with a view to improving understanding of the current composition, and systematic factors impacting recruitment and retention. This information and analysis will be used to make recommendations to senior decision makers in the intelligence community, and will also support updates to Cabinet.

Program: Intergovernmental Affairs

1. Does this program collect sufficient data to enable it to monitor and/or report program impacts by gender and diversity (GBA Plus)?  [Yes / No]

Yes, Intergovernmental Affairs collects sufficient data with respect to Internal Trade. In its other activities, Intergovernmental Affairs does not collect data to monitor and/or report program impacts by gender and diversity. 

2. If no, describe what actions (activities will be undertaken and the related timelines) are being taken to enable future monitoring or reporting of the program’s impacts by gender and diversity.

General – Intergovernmental Affairs

While it does not collect its own data, in its challenge function role, Intergovernmental Affairs supports GBA Plus efforts and ensures advice is informed by GBA Plus. This includes working with other government departments, particularly Women and Gender Equality Canada, to ensure federal-provincial-territorial alignment on GBA Plus issues and programs (e.g., the National Action Plan to End Gender-Based Violence). There is also work underway to develop a suite of guidance to improve consistency and create a whole-of-government approach in navigating and managing Federal Province Territorial and Indigenous dynamics. IGA also participates at the working level in the internal PCO GBA Plus Network, led by the Social Development Policy group.

1. If yes, describe (as relevant) any notable future initiatives to expand the program’s capacity to report on impacts by gender and diversity and timelines.

Internal Trade

PCO ensures that GBA Plus considerations are included in its Internal Trade initiatives. As a convener, PCO aggregates GBA Plus data provided by partners/other federal departments to inform its approach to addressing internal trade barriers. For instance, in its research, analysis and reporting on internal trade barriers, PCO cross-references sectors where barriers are identified with gender and diversity data in those sectors using StatsCan’s National Occupational Classification and Labour Force Survey data. This allows PCO to highlight and focus on barriers with the greatest GBA Plus impact. PCO also ensures that stakeholder engagement efforts take a GBA Plus lens in identifying groups to engage with. Finally, Intergovernmental Affairs prepares formal GBA Plus assessments where needed. For example, as part of the development for the Budget 2023 proposal on the Federal Framework for Mutual Recognition, IGA prepared a GBA Plus assessment.

Program: Social and Economic Policy

1. Does this program collect sufficient data to enable it to monitor and/or report program impacts by gender and diversity (GBA Plus)? 

As with some other PCO program areas, Social and Economic Policy does not collect data on policy proposals as they are developed by clients and owned by Ministers. Data collected pursuant to implementation is stewarded by the responsible department/agency.

2. If no, describe what actions (activities will be undertaken and the related timelines) are being taken to enable future monitoring or reporting of the program’s impacts by gender and diversity.

The teams captured under “Social Economic Policy”- Social Development Policy (SDP) and Economic and Regional Development Policy (ERDP) work with other government departments to support the development of Memoranda to Cabinet and play a key challenge function role in the policy process.

All policy proposals must be informed by GBA Plus and the program reviews and considers GBA Plus as part of the PCO’s challenge function role on proposals brought forward by federal departments and agencies.

To advance how departments and agencies incorporate GBA Plus into their proposed policies and programs, Social and Economic Policy is taking a multi-step approach in their challenge function role and providing guidance to departments on GBA Plus.

Social and Economic Policy is working to enhance documentation of GBA Plus in the challenge function. This work will drive the qualitative assessment and monitoring of gender and diversity considerations in policy proposals. While due to Cabinet Confidences this information cannot be shared publicly, this monitoring will be used to brief PCO senior management and inform learning products to strengthen PCO’s role to review policy proposals, including GBA Plus components.

As well, this program has created and chairs an internal GBA Plus Network. The working-level network supports the implementation of the PCO GBA Plus Framework and enables the dissemination of best practices across the organization.

This program develops and refines tools on GBA Plus in Memoranda to Cabinet and is developing supplementary learning aids for PCO analysts to support them in their review of GBA Plus in Memoranda to Cabinet that will be maintained as evergreen documents.

The program also provides advice to clients on how to integrate GBA Plus into their Memoranda to Cabinet and contributes to the development of training materials to strengthen the quality of GBA Plus in Memoranda to Cabinet.

Program: Results, Delivery, Impact and Innovation

Results and Delivery Unit

1. Does this program collect sufficient data to enable it to monitor and/or report program impacts by gender and diversity (GBA Plus)? 

No, the Results and Delivery Unit does not collect data on policy proposals as they are developed by clients and owned by Ministers. Data collected pursuant to implementation is stewarded by the responsible department/ agency.

2. If no, describe what actions (activities will be undertaken and the related timelines) are being taken to enable future monitoring or reporting of the program’s impacts by gender and diversity.

While the Results and Delivery Unit does not collect policy, program or service specific data, it does, however, contribute to Government-wide leadership in the activities and support and permit both robust, disaggregated data collection and strong GBA Plus analysis. As per Memoranda to Cabinet guidance, policy proposals are to include a Results and Delivery Strategy annex) to describe how the proposal supports the Government’s priorities and what the expected results and performance indicators will be. The Results and Delivery Unit works with implicated departments and agencies to outline how tracking and reporting will inform course correction over the life of a program or initiative. This includes full consideration of GBA Plus, as well as how to capture disaggregated data to help inform results and recommended next steps.

To help advance how departments and agencies develop, convey and implement the Results and Delivery Strategies, they are reviewed by PCO and feedback is provided to support presentation of a solid approach in the proposal, including information with respect to what a successful initiative will achieve for Canadians (results/outcomes).

PCO, as co-chair of the Federal Advisory Committee on the Disaggregation of Data, supports efforts to improve cross-government efforts to address systemic inequities using disaggregated data. It also continues to promote cross-government awareness of approaches that leverage disaggregated data to identify systemic inequities in access to and benefit from Government programs and services.

As part of PCO’s management response action plan to the performance of the audit of GBA Plus by the office of the Auditor General and the implementation of GBA Plus Deep Dive and approach to better document the challenge function, the Results and Delivery Unit developed disaggregated data job aids and training mini-series to further socialize them within the organization. The job aids will soon be shared with departments and agencies.

Impact and Innovation Unit

1. Does this program collect sufficient data to enable it to monitor and/or report program impacts by gender and diversity (GBA Plus)?  [Yes / No]

Yes. PCO’s Impact Canada considers GBA+ in the design, delivery, and measurement of its key lines of business, including: Impact Canada Challenges, behavioural science programs of research, and the Impact Canada Fellowship program.

2. If yes, please describe (as relevant) any notable future initiatives to expand the program’s capacity to report on impacts by gender and diversity and timelines.

i. Impact Canada Challenges

A GBA Plus lens is applied in Challenge program design, jury member selection and assessed when reviewing applicants. Future initiatives will continue to prioritize GBA Plus to report on the impacts of gender and diversity by:

• Profiling applicants by demographic and business characteristics for GBA Plus performance measurement. Impact Canada Challenges have demonstrated the ability to mobilize businesses that are women-led, led by Black and racialized people, and Indigenous-led compared to the average in the Canadian economy. Furthermore, results have shown that Challenge business applicants are diverse and vary in age of the primary decision-maker, size of the business, industry, and number of years in operation.
• Ensuring that Impact Canada Challenge juries, which assess and recommend solutions for funding, are selected by paying attention to diverse views, experience, and expertise of the panels, ensuring better representation of women and under-represented groups including Black, Indigenous, and racialized people, as well as those with lived and living experience.
• Building GBA Plus into the design, implementation, and evaluation framework of Impact Canada Challenges through stakeholder consultations with equity experts and underrepresented groups in the problem area; collecting and analysing demographic data to assess how demographic considerations are linked to funding criterion; and developing integrated GBA Plus framework to identify where bias and barriers occur throughout Challenges and how GBA Plus initiatives can mitigate such barriers to ensure that Challenges continue to have a low barrier to entry. 

ii. Behavioural Science

Behavioural science projects aim to understand attitudes, beliefs, and barriers that might influence behaviours in multiple areas. This involves using data on citizen perceptions (including surveys and other data collection), including detailed sociodemographic breakdowns across multiple areas to understand the experiences of diverse groups in multiple policy domains. In addition to sub-population breakdowns in nationally representative samples (based on census sociodemographic categories), some initiatives have employed oversampling techniques to derive more statistically meaningful insights.

Using advance modelling techniques, Impact Canada identifies different groups of Canadians that are otherwise invisible or blurred together to shed light on profiles of cognitive architectures and social contexts to identify pathways for tailoring and targeting government policy and communications.

iii. Impact Canada Fellowship program 

The Impact Canada Fellowship program was created in January 2018 to attract external talent with specialized skills in key disciplines linked to the Impact Canada mandate, with aim to increase capacity and upskill the existing workforce. The Fellowship program has created equal opportunity for all genders, with ~50% of applicants, and of pre-qualified candidates representing women. The Impact Canada Fellowship program has initiated an anonymized screening process (e.g., applicants pass initial screening without assessors knowing applicants’ gender, identity, educational, etc. information), which intends to reduce potential inherent biases in hiring processes.

iv. Impact Canada GBA Plus Working Group

The Impact Canada GBA Plus Working Group was created in July 2023 to build on Impact Canada’s existing strengths regarding GBA Plus and opportunities to improve, as identified in an organizational needs assessment completed in June 2023. Since July 2023, the Working Group has created a Strategic Framework and a 2023-24 Fiscal Year Plan to deliver on concrete actions. To date, this includes updating the Behavioural Science program’s research guide to incorporate GBA Plus at every stage, creating a standardized set of best-practice demographic questions that will be used across every business line in the IIU, creating a public-facing blog on how GBA Plus has been applied to the work of the Challenge Team, and creating a pool of existing trainings that will be provided to the entire unit as part of a commitment to ongoing GBA Plus training. Future activities of the Working Group will focus on integrating new resources, processes, and trainings into Impact Canada’s day-to-day work, as well as maturing this work and sharing our learning with other units.

Program: Legislative and Parliamentary Governance

Machinery of Government

1. Does this program collect sufficient data to enable it to monitor and/or report program impacts by gender and diversity (GBA Plus)? 

The Machinery of Government Secretariat works with other PCO Secretariats to conduct the challenge function on proposals to Cabinet or the Prime Minister that have machinery of government implications. As such it does not collect data in relation to the implementation of GBA Plus.

2. If no, describe what actions (activities will be undertaken and the related timelines) are being taken to enable future monitoring or reporting of the program’s impacts by gender and diversity.

While the Machinery of Government Secretariat is not in a position to collect or analyse data in relation to GBA Plus, all analysts continue to be expected to take appropriate GBA Plus training and to apply appropriate analytical tools to their work, informed by that training wherever possible. For instance, in the development of analysis relating to possible revisions to the MC template, special attention was paid to ensuring that GBA+ considerations were taken into account in guidance documents.

Machinery of Government does not manage or administer a traditional “program” offering services or funding to the public. Instead, it offers advice and guidance to the Prime Minister on the organization and structuring of government. While this advice is informed, when relevant, by the principles at the heart of GBA Plus, outcomes are not measured in the way that traditional program outcomes would be.

Democratic Institutions

1. Does this program collect sufficient data to enable it to monitor and/or report program impacts by gender and diversity (GBA Plus)? 

Yes.

2. If yes, describe (as relevant) any notable future initiatives to expand the program’s capacity to report on impacts by gender and diversity and timelines.

With funding provided in Budget 2022, the Democratic Institutions Secretariat established a team to focus on Protecting Democracy initiatives, including efforts to combat mis- and disinformation (MIDI). While data on the impact of MIDI on specific groups is currently limited, available research suggests women and minority groups are disproportionately targeted.

The team’s focus on data generation, supporting research - and integrating these findings into policy development - will support analysis of GBA Plus relevant data and findings and enable the team to better target its efforts on an ongoing basis. Furthermore, the team is interested in MIDI in both official languages and, where possible and appropriate, other languages relevant to Canada’s cultural communities.

Another team in the Democratic Institutions Secretariat leads policy analysis and development efforts to protect and modernize Canada’s electoral system. A GBA Plus lens is applied to this policy work to ensure benefits will accrue to diverse groups of Canadians, including women, seniors (those aged 65 or plus), new Canadians, persons with disabilities, religiously observant Canadians, rural or remote Canadians, as well as members of the diverse 2SLGBTQ+, racialized, and Indigenous communities.

Program: Planning and Operations of Cabinet

1. Does this program collect sufficient data to enable it to monitor and/or report program impacts by gender and diversity (GBA Plus)? 

No. Priorities and Planning works with other PCO Secretariats to conduct the challenge function on all policy proposals that come to Cabinet. In carrying out this work, it reviews and considers GBA Plus on policy proposals but does not collect data on these proposals, since they are developed by departments and owned by Ministers.

2. If no, describe what actions (activities will be undertaken and the related timelines) are being taken to enable future monitoring or reporting of the program’s impacts by gender and diversity.

Priorities and Planning does not collect policy, program, or service-specific data. However, in order to advance the incorporation of GBA Plus into policy proposals, Priorities and Planning analysts will continue to work with other PCO Secretariats to carry out the challenge function on the GBA Plus on all Memoranda to Cabinet. Furthermore, as the Secretariat to Cabinet, Priorities and Planning carries out a year-end survey of Ministers that includes seeking their views on the strength of the GBA Plus included in Memoranda to Cabinet. Priorities and Planning uses this data to inform its approach to the challenge function.

Program: Senior Personnel and Public Service Renewal

1.  Does this program collect sufficient data to enable it to monitor and/or report program impacts by gender and diversity (GBA Plus)? 

Yes.

2.  If yes, describe (as relevant) any notable future initiatives to expand the program’s capacity to report on impacts by gender and diversity and timelines.

The Government of Canada is committed to transparent, merit-based appointments, to help ensure that people of all gender identities, Indigenous peoples, visible minorities, persons with disabilities and other minority groups are reflected in leadership positions. To support this priority and monitor representation across GIC positions, SPS collects and maintains information on the diversity of Governor in Council appointees.

This diversity information is collected through self-identification at two points in the selection process: as part of the initial application, and on the Self-Identification Form for those being recommended for appointment. The collected information covers the following categories: gender, 2SLGBTQI+, visible minorities, persons with a disability, Indigenous peoples, bilingualism, first official language and youth (less than 40 when appointed).

PCO will continue to provide information on representation within the GIC community, including on its website and in Departmental Results Reports.

As of December 20, 2023, there were around 1,800 people appointed to administrative tribunals, agencies, boards, commissions, international organizations, and Crown corporations. Of these appointees, 52% identified as women, 16% as Visible minorities, 8% as Indigenous peoples, and about 5% as Persons with a disability.