Procurement of personal protective equipment: Standing Committee on Public Accounts—February 10, 2022

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Context

The government is ensuring that suppliers are providing the personal protective equipment (PPE) that Canada requires and that sources of supply are free of unethical practices.

Note

Supermax forced labour allegations is now a standalone note.

Suggested response

The government is committed to continuing to protect Canadians from COVID-19
We have secured more than 2.7 billion articles of various personal protective equipment of which the majority have been received
We are also continuing to leverage domestic supply chains wherever possible, with more than 40% of the total value of personal protective equipment contracts going to domestic manufacturers
In particular, Canada now has 2 producers of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) certified masks—who produce 4.2 million a month in Canada
Our goal is to ensure Canada has more than sufficient supplies on hand in anticipation of future needs for our provinces, territories, frontline, and health workers

If pressed on the house domestic personal protective equipment motion (to note: PSPC does not supply masks to Parliament):

since the beginning of this pandemic the Government of Canada has looked to Canadian industry for pandemic-response supplies and the industry has responded
we continuing to leverage domestic supply chains wherever possible, with more than 40% of the total value of personal protective equipment contracts going to domestic manufacturers

If pressed on TCG Medical:

the Government of Canada expects that suppliers meet their contractual obligations, and because TCG Medical failed to deliver N95 respirators as per their agreement, Public Services and Procurement Canada terminated the contract on February 12, 2021
the Government of Canada is currently pursuing legal recourse against TCG Medical to recover the advance payment made to the supplier, which was common during the early response to COVID-19
Due to ongoing active litigation, we are unable to provide further details at this time

If pressed on Tango Communications:

the Government of Canada expects that suppliers meet their contractual obligations and Tango Communications was unable to deliver respirators that met performance and quality standards, so Public Services and Procurement Canada terminated 3 KN95 respirator contracts with the company on May 3, 2021
the Government of Canada is currently pursuing legal recourse against Tango Communications to recover advance payments made to the supplier, which were common during the early response to COVID-19
No KN95 respirators received from Tango that failed to meet Public Health Agency of Canada quality standards were distributed for medical use
due to ongoing active litigation, we are unable to provide further details at this time

If pressed on Harbour Technologies due to gown delivery delays:

in February 2021, Harbour Technologies was awarded a contract via a competitive process for the production of 4.5 million gowns for delivery by September 30, 2021
the company requested and was given a first extension to December 30, 2021, and a further extension was provided until March 31, 2022, based on excusable delays due to weather and transportation complications in British Columbia in that period

If pressed on the use of masks manufactured in China:

at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic there were no domestic Canadian manufacturers of N95 respirators so we had to purchase foreign-made respirators in order to protect Canadians
in addition to immediately purchasing N95 respirators to fill the urgent need, Canada sought to establish domestic manufacturing of N95 respirators in an expedited manner
although 3M and AMD Medicom are multinational corporations, we established domestic manufacturing contracts directly with their Canadian subsidiaries to ensure all products manufactured were produced in Canada, by Canadians

Background

TCG Medical

On May 6, 2020, Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC) issued a contract to TCG Medical. The contract value was approx. [Redacted] CDN for the provision of [Redacted] N95 respirators. As per the contract, all goods were to be delivered on or before June 30, 2020.

By the fall of 2020, the supplier had failed to deliver the goods. In an effort to fulfill the contract, the government began working with the supplier to seek a resolution. Despite these efforts, the supplier was unable to provide an acceptable solution to fulfill the contract. As a result, PSPC terminated the N95 respirator contracts with the company for default, effective February 12, 2021.

On May 5, 2021, The Department of Justice, on behalf of PSPC, filed the Government of Canada’s statement of claim against TCG Medical in Ontario Superior Court seeking to fully recover all of the advanced payment plus legal costs for failure to fulfill the contract.

On July 28, 2021, TCG Medical filed their statement of defence and counter claim.

[Redacted]

Tango Communications

In March 2020, PSPC awarded 3 contracts to Tango Communications totalling approximately $111 million for 37 million KN95 respirators, through emergency authorities within the department.

A significant percentage of the approximately 11 million KN95 respirators initially received in Canada from the supplier in April 2020 did not meet the mandatory technical requirements set out in the contracts.

As a result, in early May 2020, Canada took steps to suspend further shipments of KN95 respirators from the supplier.

Following the suspension of shipments, the government began working with the supplier to seek a resolution. Despite these efforts, the supplier was unable to consistently provide respirators that met the technical requirements of the contracts. As a result, PSPC terminated the 3 KN95 respirator contracts with the supplier for default, effective May 3, 2021

On May 6, 2021, the Department of Justice, on behalf of PSPC, filed the Government of Canada’s statement of claim against Tango in Ontario Superior Court seeking to fully recover the advanced payment plus legal costs for failure to fulfill the contract.

On August 13, 2021, Tango Communications filed their statement of defence and counter claim.

[Redacted]

Harbour Technologies

Harbour Technologies signalled to PSPC in late July 2021 various supply chain issues they were encountering and followed up in August 2021 with official request for contract delivery extension up until March 2022.

An extension to November 30, 2021 was granted consistent with the approach to other gown suppliers extension approvals granted based on contract excusable delay clauses. Harbour Technologies agreed on September 24, 2021. PSPC did provide the opportunity to the supplier if they wished to terminate by mutual consent.

On October 28, 2021, the Department of Justice of Canada was served with an application for judicial review in the Federal Court by Harbour Technologies for the Court to compel Canada to re-consider a reasonable period of extension for the delivery under the contract based on the specific circumstances affecting the applicant and request to have a hearing before a judge before the December 30, 2021, delivery expiry date.

However, based on unpredictable environmental events and the subsequent transportation complications within the province of British Columbia, on December 13, 2021, Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) and PSPC approved a further delay in delivery of contracted goods up until March 31, 2022.

[Redacted]

Medicom

PSPC awarded a 10-year contract to Medicom for domestic production and distribution of surgical masks and N95 respirators for PHAC.

Production ramp up for N95 respirators began in August 2020. Medicom applied for Health Canada’s International Organization for Standardization (ISO) certification. Health Canada approval was obtained on October 30.

Medicom has also received quality assessment testing approval from PHAC on their N95 respirator.

Quality assessment testing is a standard requirement to confirm the masks meet the mandatory 95% filtration standard for N95 respirators. This quality assessment testing process was performed by the National Research Council (NRC), on behalf of PHAC.

NRC performed the testing using the filtration testing machine TSI8130A, which is the same machine used by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the United States. Quality assessment testing typically takes 7 to 10 business days depending on the number of sample masks being tested. There is an extension for NIOSH approval until the end of June 2021.

While Medicom was finalizing quality assessment testing, they provided 700,000 FFP2 masks (N95 equivalent) from Europe. Medicom has provided PSPC with a delivery schedule for the N95 respirators. Deliveries began in November 2020.

3M

PSPC entered into a contract directly with 3M Canada to purchase domestically-produced N95 masks. 3M had responded to a ‘call to industry’ posted by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) seeking industry engagement on establishing domestic manufacturing of N95 masks in Canada. Five proposals were received, and the 3M proposal was selected as the best value to Canada.

Under the contract, 3M will provide 25 million N95 masks annually over an initial 5-year period (April 2021 to March 2026). Canada has also reserved the right to extend the contract by up to 5 optional years. 3M had notified PSPC that they had an additional 5 million masks that they could supply in the first year, which PSPC then purchased, bringing the year one deliveries to 30 million masks total.

Procurement of medical gowns

Context

Public Services and Procurement Canada awarded 39 contracts to 27 suppliers for the supply of more than 153 million medical gowns of which more than 150 million have already been delivered. These gowns are worn by medical professionals as personal protective equipment in order to provide a barrier between the patient and the professional.

Suggested Response

PSPC has secured enough medical gowns to support the Public Health Agency of Canada
- We remain ready and able to procure additional supplies through competitive contracts, should it be required

If pressed on domestic suppliers:

PSPC has awarded 27 contracts to 20 domestic suppliers for the production of over 42 million gowns and, through Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada, have connected these domestic suppliers with domestic material manufacturers
delivery of domestically-made gowns will be all completed by March 2022

If pressed on Harbour Technologies:

in February 2021, Harbour Technologies was awarded a contract via a competitive process for the production of 4.5 million gowns for delivery by September 30, 2021
the company requested and was given a first extension to December 30, 2021, and a further extension was provided until March 31, 2022, based on excusable delays due to weather and transportation complications in British Columbia in that period

If pressed on Campbell Drug Stores:

in March 2020, on behalf of the Public Health Agency of Canada, PSPC awarded a contract to Campbell Drug Stores for the supply of [Redacted] medical gowns in support Canada’s response to COVID-19
Campbell Drug Stores completed its deliveries as outlined in the contract
while the contract was fulfilled, the supplier delivered an additional quantity of [Redacted] gowns to the Government of Canada without a contract. PSPC is currently working with the supplier to reach a solution

If pressed on Roudel Medical and surgical supplies:

in April and June 2020, on behalf of the Public Health Agency of Canada, PSPC awarded 2 contracts to Roudel Medical and Surgical Supplies for the supply of [Redacted] medical gowns in support Canada’s response to COVID-19
Roudel Medical completed its deliveries as outlined in the contracts
while the contract was fulfilled, it was determined that the supplier over shipped an additional quantity of [Redacted] gowns to the Government of Canada that was not authorized and PSPC is currently working with the supplier to reach a solution

Background

Medical gowns are hospital gowns worn by medical professionals as PPE in order to provide a barrier between patient and professional. Whereas patient gowns are flimsy often with exposed backs and arms, PPE gowns cover most of the exposed skin surfaces of the professional medics.

In the early days of the pandemic, there was a very high demand for gowns globally. Material usually used for the production of gowns was being diverted to the production of masks. Manufacturers had proposed alternative material for the production of gowns in Canada.

Product compliance is reviewed against the technical specifications released by the World Health Organization (WHO). All proposed gowns have been reviewed by the PHAC technical team. PHAC had implemented a robust quality assurance program. For domestic suppliers, samples were assessed before production and once they were delivered to PHAC and prior to distribution to provinces and territories.

Ventilator procurement

Context

Recent questions have been raised about domestic contracting for ventilators.

Suggested response

The Government of Canada is thankful to Canadian manufacturers who stepped up and offered their solutions and expertise in ensuring that Canada had enough ventilators to protect the health of Canadians
Thanks to the efforts of our suppliers and their staff, the Government of Canada successfully secured 27,706 ventilators—enough to keep Canadians safe in any scenario
The Government of Canada has worked with some of the manufacturers to identify opportunities to reduce the volumes ordered from suppliers that encountered delivery issues
We are grateful for all Canadian companies that answered the Government of Canada’s call to action and continue to support our pandemic response

If pressed on which companies will be affected by the reduction:

the companies that have been affected by reductions in quantities are those that have not yet delivered all originally agreed upon ventilators

If pressed on whether FTI was affected:

as FTI had fully delivered its order of ventilators by the end of December 2020, there was no opportunity to reduce the volume ordered

If pressed on FTI:

“Ventilators for Canadians”, a consortium of entrepreneurs, manufacturers and businesses, is 1 of 11 domestic suppliers that came forward with a proposal to supply ventilators to the government
their proposal, based on an open source Medtronic design, was recommended by a review panel of technical experts, including respirologists, biomechanical engineers, and manufacturing professionals
following this recommendation, on April 10, Public Services and Procurement Canada awarded a contract to FTI Professional Grade Inc., the corporate entity put forward by the consortium for the purposes of this contract, for the supply and delivery of ventilators
Baylis Medical is a subcontractor to FTI Professional Grade Inc. and a partner to “Ventilators for Canadians”
- FTI Professional Grade Inc. has fulfilled its obligations under its contract

If pressed on for the process that led to contract awards:

a broad call to action was issued by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada to solicit interest from Canadian companies that were able to support Canada’s COVID-19 response
as part of this call to action, a number of companies identified their interest in supplying Canada with ventilators. Separately, potential ventilator suppliers had also come forward to the National Research Council and to the next generation (NGEN) supercluster
all of these companies—11 in total—were subsequently invited to send proposals to ISED covering the design of the ventilator, its clinical functionality, and the manufacturing plan, including details on the supply chain
proposals were reviewed by a panel of experts to assess the viability of technology and manufacturing approaches. The panel, which included medical clinicians, respirologists, biomechanical engineers, and manufacturing professionals, was asked to provide government with their best advice as to which designs would be most useful in the fight against COVID-19 and could be manufactured quickly to meet the needs of Canada’s public health system
the review panel also included technical experts from within the Government of Canada (Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada). Staff from PSPC participated in the panel, however, recommendations were based on feedback from technical experts
based on the advice of this panel of experts, Government of Canada officials identified 4 made-in-Canada ventilators, and contracts were subsequently awarded to CAE Inc., FTI Professional Grade Inc., Canadian Emergency Ventilators (Starfish), and Vexos for 37,500 ventilators
each of the 4 companies subsequently worked with Health Canada officials through the regulatory process to ensure the ventilators met all the regulatory requirements to receive approval under the interim order

Background

At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Canada procured ventilators at a rate that would allow it to be oversupplied in the event there was a significant surge in COVID-19 cases and worst-case scenarios for disease infection occur. Canada’s initial approach was to secure contracts with manufacturers of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) ventilators. The Government of Canada procured approximately 3,000 COTS ventilators which were deployed.

In March/April 2020, PSPC entered into 8 non-competitive contracts with 6 suppliers using its emergency delegation. In May/June 2020, PSPC entered into 3 additional non-competitive contracts. Delivery dates under these contracts were not firm due to suppliers not being able to provide firm commitments in the face of increased global demand.

To secure ventilators, PSPC, PHAC and Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada undertook a process to identify viable proposals to manufacture ventilators in Canada. As a result, Canada awarded 4 contracts to domestic manufacturers to produce 37,500 ventilators in Canada.

In the fall of 2020, it was becoming apparent that the quantities contracted by PSPC coupled with the quantities procured directly by provinces/territories indicated that Canada would have an oversupply of ventilators. In response to this, Canada proceeded to reduce the quantities required by terminating contracts for convenience with domestic manufacturers. In lieu of requiring, contracting and receiving 40,545 units at the onset of the requirement, Canada’s reduction resulted in only requiring and receiving 27,706 units.

Contract termination for convenience was actioned with the 4 domestic suppliers of which 1 is currently still in the final steps of the claims process.

Integrity in federal procurement during the COVID-19 pandemic

Context

In the fast-paced and constantly evolving marketplace to secure necessary products and supplies to support the Government of Canada’s response to the pandemic, questions may arise as to the measures that Public Services and Procurement Canada has in place to protect the integrity of the federal procurement system during this period.

Suggested response

To help ensure the Government of Canada does business with ethical suppliers, a government-wide Integrity Regime is in place
This regime holds suppliers accountable for their misconduct, and also encourages them to cooperate with law enforcement and take corrective action
Under the regime, a supplier may be suspended or declared ineligible to do business with the government if it, members of its board of directors or its affiliates, have been charged with or convicted in the previous 3 years of one of the offences listed in the “Ineligibility and Suspension Policy” in Canada, or similar offences abroad
Public Services and Procurement Canada has consistently applied the Integrity Regime to all procurements in a manner consistent with the Ineligibility and Suspension Policy
No contracts have been awarded to a supplier that is ineligible or suspended under the Integrity Regime

Background

The Government of Canada has a framework of laws, regulations and policies in place to protect the integrity of the federal procurement system. PSPC administers several programs under this framework, including the government-wide Integrity Regime, the federal contracting fraud tip line, and increased oversight for the detection of bid-rigging.

The Integrity Regime is designed to help ensure that the government does business with ethical suppliers and incentivizes suppliers to ensure strong ethics and compliance frameworks. Under the regime, a supplier may be suspended or declared ineligible to do business with the government if, in the previous 3 years, it, members of its board of directors or its affiliates, have been charged with or convicted of one of the offences listed in the “Ineligibility and Suspension Policy” in Canada or a similar offence abroad.

Under the current Regime, 3 companies are ineligible to do business with the Government of Canada due to convictions for a listed offence (Les Entreprises Chatel Inc., R.M. Belanger Limited and Les Industries Garanties Limitée). One supplier has had their period of ineligibility reduced to 5 years pursuant to an administrative agreement which came into effect in December 2020 (Hickey Construction Ltd).

In 2018, the government announced its plans to enhance the Integrity Regime by increasing the number of triggers for debarment, broadening the scope of business ethics covered by the regime, and integrating greater flexibility within the debarment process. Following this announcement, there was considerable public discourse around corporate wrongdoing as well as governments’ response to such misconduct. As a result, the government announced that it was taking additional time to reassess elements of the proposed regime and potential next steps.

In the interim, the current “Ineligibility and Suspension Policy” remains in effect.

Mobile health units

Context

As part of the Government of Canada’s immediate response to COVID-19, Public Services and Procurement Canada established contracts with Weatherhaven Global Resources Ltd. and SNC-Lavalin PAE Inc., for a value of up to $150 million and up to 10 mobile health units (MHUs) each. These 2 firms were contracted to design and deliver Canada’s mobile health units for their known strong logistical capabilities and their proven record to carry out this type of work.

Suggested response

The government is committed to supporting provinces and territories in their battle with COVID-19
As part of its early response to the pandemic, the Government of Canada secured supplies and equipment to ensure Canada would be prepared for worst-case scenarios
To this end, PSPC proactively procured mobile health units so that if hospital capacity became overwhelmed, we would be ready to immediately provide assistance
To date, MHUs have been deployed to and returned from 2 locations in Ontario (Sunnybrook Health Sciences in Toronto and Hamilton Health Sciences) and the oxygen concentration system of 1 MHU has been deployed to Stanton Territorial Hospital in Yellowknife, where it continues to support the operations of the hospital
Extra medical equipment and consumables procured for the MHUs have been given to PHAC for distribution to provinces as requested through the National Emergency Strategic Stockpile with some medical equipment and consumables also being given to Department of National Defence (DND)
Canada remains ready to work with any province or territory upon their request, on the planning and deployment of federal mobile health units to provide surge capacity to local health authorities, with the ability to deploy up to 4 mobile health units

Background

With the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the world class medical infrastructure across the world (for example Italy and New York City), it became evident that Canada needed to prepare for the worst case scenario. It was apparent that waiting to start development of a MHU when a province or territory declared that they were overwhelmed and needed federal assistance would be too late. Immediate ordering of critical medical equipment and the development of a design for a workable MHU was required.

What is a mobile hospital unit

An MHU is a fully self-sufficient unit that can provide targeted care for persons with acute respiratory disease and distress. It was designed with the capability of providing a triage area, short stay evaluation area, 2 resuscitation bays, up to an 80 bed in-patient ward, up to a 20 bed intensive care unit (ICU), diagnostic imaging (portable x-ray), laboratory, pharmacy, and a separate low-risk zone which includes central supply and office space.

How the contractors were selected

The joint venture SNC-Lavalin PAE Inc. was identified due to their existing and past contracts in providing logistical support for building and maintaining military camps during military deployments (for example Kandahar, Afghanistan).

Weatherhaven Global Resources Ltd. was selected because of its existing contract to provide similar types of structures to the Department of National Defence for mobile headquarters and for Weatherhaven’s association with ATCO Ltd. and its strong logistics capabilities.

A limited tendering process between the 2 firms was initiated in order to move quickly during the initial stages of the pandemic. To ensure maximum flexibility, obtain different designs and guarantee back-up capacity, contracts were issued to both proponents.

Contract summary

Under the task-based contracts, the 2 contractors have developed designs, organized project management offices, bought medical equipment and consumables and are maintaining readiness for operations which includes doing required maintenance to keep the equipment ready for operations, warehousing of the equipment and structures, etc. To date, invoices totalling approximately $103.9M (including taxes) have been paid to Weatherhaven Global Solutions and approximately $79.5M (including taxes) to SNC-Lavalin PAE.

Status

Weatherhaven was originally requested to provide 2 MHUs. As these were being deployed to Ontario, Public Safety Canada asked PSPC to order a third Weatherhaven MHU. This MHU model is completely self-sufficient and can be used within a host building or independently. At the same time that Public Safety Canada asked PSPC to order a third Weatherhaven MHU, it also asked PSPC to order a SNC-Lavalin PAE MHU to be available for deployment inside of an existing building (for example convention centre, arena).

Now that the 2 MHUs have been returned from Ontario, Canada has 3 MHUs ready for deployment. The oxygen concentration system of 1 MHU has been deployed to Stanton Territorial Hospital in Yellowknife, where it continues to support the operations of the hospital. There was early interest from Quebec and Alberta in deploying the federal MHUs but these provinces were able to address their needs in other ways.

Medical equipment and consumables for additional MHUs were initially bought and warehoused, which have since been made available to the Public Health Agency of Canada and the Department of National Defence for use as needs have evolved.

Canada is currently working on a plan to consolidate the warehousing and management of the existing mobile health units infrastructure, equipment and consumables, from the current 2 contracts into 1, which will provide ongoing efficiencies.

Essential Services Contingency Reserve

Context

The Government of Canada created the Essential Services Contingency Reserve to provide access to personal protective equipment, non-medical masks and disinfection products to essential service sectors, the social sector, as well as organizations serving Indigenous communities.

Suggested response

The health and safety of Canadians is our number one priority
The Government of Canada created the Essential Services Contingency Reserve to provide access to personal protective equipment, non-medical masks and disinfection products to essential service sectors, the social sector, as well as organizations serving Indigenous communities
Since the Essential Services Contingency Reserve was introduced, a number of organizations have registered to access the inventory and orders have been placed in a variety of essential services sectors
Given the current state of the pandemic, the escalating public health advice and the steady need for personal protective equipment, Public Services and Procurement Canada is proposing to optimize the use of the existing Essential Services Contingency Reserve inventory by increasing the visibility and making the remaining personal protective equipment inventory more accessible

If pressed on logistics and distribution:

we have entered into an agreement with Canadian supplier SCI to provide warehousing and order fulfillment across Canada for the Essential Services Contingency Reserve, including in northern and remote communities
SCI is part of the Canada Post network, offering seamless integration with Purolator and Canada Post for shipping orders to businesses and organizations across essential services sectors

If pressed on cost-recovery:

currently, items are being provided at cost to essential service sectors and at no cost to organizations serving Indigenous communities and social service sectors
for essential service sectors, the cost of goods is established based on current personal protective equipment market pricing and does not include overheard costs to acquire and warehouse the inventory
- costs are reviewed on a regular basis and updated accordingly
- shipping costs are applied to purchases

If pressed on inventory:

inventory in the Essential Services Contingency Reserve includes items such as KN95 masks, nitrile gloves, non-medical masks, thermometers, face shields, and disposable coveralls
to date, the total value of products procured under the Essential Services Contingency Reserve is about $168 million with Public Health Agency of Canada and other departments donating some additional personal protective equipment
while the overall use of the reserve has been fairly low, there has been a significant recent increase in demand for KN95 masks due to the Omicron variant, and our inventory of these masks is almost depleted
- at the end of December 2021, Public Services and Procurement Canada collaborated with the Canadian Red Cross to donate 13 million KN95 respirators for use in the voluntary sector
- in January 2022, Public Services and Procurement Canada donated 1 million KN95 masks to the Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations

Background

In summer of 2020, the Government of Canada established the Essential Services Contingency Reserve as a temporary measure to provide a backstop when PPE are unavailable on the marketplace. Operating since August 2020, it provides access to PPE to essential service sectors, the social sector, as well as organizations serving Indigenous communities.

Status

Currently, items are being provided at cost to essential service sectors and at no cost to organizations serving Indigenous communities and social service sectors.

To be eligible, businesses or organizations must be from one of the 10 critical infrastructure sectors as identified in Public Safety Canada’s “Guidance on Essential services and Function in Canada during the COVID-19 Pandemic” (for example, energy and utilities, health, food).

Assessment criteria include:

the degree to which the sector is facing critical shortages of PPE
if the requested supplies are appropriate based on public health guidance and occupational health and safety requirements
if the requestors have been unable to secure PPE elsewhere

The total value of products procured under the Essential Services Contingency Reserve is roughly $168 million. The Public Health Agency of Canada and other departments donated additional PPE to the inventory.

The Essential Services Contingency Reserve inventory has been mostly accessed by small and medium-sized enterprises.

Next steps

Given the current state of the pandemic, the escalating public health advice and the steady need for PPE, Public Services and Procurement Canada is proposing to optimize the use of the existing Essential Services Contingency Reserve inventory by increasing the visibility and making the remaining PPE inventory more accessible.

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Date modified:: 2023-11-06