Morse de l'Atlantique (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) évaluation et rapport de situation du COSEPAC: chapitre 15

Remerciements

Nous remercions les personnes suivantes, lesquelles ont fourni de l’information et des conseils : Brigitte de March, Pat Hall, Steve Newton, Pierre Richard, Rob Stewart et Dennis Wright, du ministère des Pêches et des Océans (MPO), à Winnipeg; Randall Reeves, d’Okapi Wildlife Associates; Michelle Wheatley, du Conseil de gestion des ressources fauniques du Nunavut (CGRFN); Miriam Fleming, du comité environnemental de Sanikiluaq; Michael Kingsley, de Grønlands Naturinstitut; Susan Sang, du Fonds mondial pour la nature. Chris Chenier et Lyle Walton, du ministère des Richesses naturelles de l’Ontario, Danielle Baillargeon, du MPO (Québec), Ipeelee Itorcheak, du MPO (Iqaluit) et Lyle Lockhart, de Winnipeg, ont également fourni d’importantes données inédites. Dale McGowan, du MPO (Winnipeg), a fourni l’illustration du morse de Gerald Kuehl. Pierre Richard et Rob Stewart, du MPO-Winnipeg, Mike Hammill et Richard Bailey, du MPO (Région de Québec), Becky Sjare, du MPO (Région de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador), Lara Cooper, de l’administration centrale du MPO, Josée Galipeau, du CGRFN, Andrew Trites (coprésident) et d’autres membres du Sous-comité de spécialistes des mammifères marins du COSEPAC, ainsi que Cecile Stewart, des Arctic Biological Consultants, ont formulé des commentaires constructifs sur le manuscrit


Sources d'information

Anders, G. 1966. Northern Foxe Basin an area economic survey, 1965. Canada, ministère du Nord canadien et des Ressources nationales, Area Economic Survey Report 65-2, iv + 139 p.

Anders, G. (éd.), A. Haller, D. Foote et P. Cove. 1967. The east coast of Baffin Island, an area economic survey, ministère des Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, Area Economic Survey Report 66/4, x + 196 p.

Andersen, L.W., et E.W. Born. 2000. Indications of two genetically different subpopulations of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in west and northwest Greenland, Can. J. Zool. 78: 1999-2009.

Andersen, L.W., E.W. Born, I. Gjertz, Ø. Wiig, L.-E. Holm et C. Bendixen. 1998. Population structure and gene flow of the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the eastern Atlantic Arctic based on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite variation, Mol. Ecol.. 7: 1323-1326.

Anderson, L.E., et G. Garlich-Miller. 1994. Economic analysis of the 1992 and 1993 summer walrus hunts in northern Foxe Basin, Northwest Territories, Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2011, iv + 20 p.

Beaubier, P.H. 1970. The hunting pattern of the Igluligmiut: with emphasis on the marine environment, Montréal (Québec), ix + 250 p., thèse de maîtrise, département de géographie, Université McGill.

Bell, R. 1884. Observations on the geology, mineralogy, zoology, and botany of the Labrador coast, Hudson's Strait and Bay, Rep. Progr. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Can., 37 p. + annexes.

Benirschke, K. 2003. Comparative placentation in walrus Odobenus rosmarus (divergens), 10 p. (daté du 10/9/03). (http:/medicine.ucsd.edu/cpa/walrus.htm).

Born, E.W. 1990. Distribution and abundance of Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in Greenland, préparé par Greenland Home Rule, Department for Wildlife Management, Sjreleboderne 2, 1016 Copenhagen, Danemark pour The International Workshop on Population Ecology and Management of Walruses, du 26 au 30 mars 1990, Seattle (État de Washington), États-Unis, 65 p.

Born, E.W. 2003. Reproduction in male Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the North Water (N. Baffin Bay), Mar. Mamm. Sci. 19(4): 819-831.

Born, E.W., B. Clausen et Sv.Aa. Henricksen. 1982. Trichinella spiralis in walruses from the Thule district, North Greenland, and possible routes of transmission, Z. Saeugetierkd 47: 246-251.

Born, E.W., et I. Gjertz. 1993. A link between walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) in northeast Greenland and Svalbard, Polar Record 29: 329.

Born, E.W., I. Gjertz et R.R. Reeves. 1995. Population assessment of Atlantic walrus, Norsk Polarinst. Medd. 138: 100 p.

Born, E.W., M.P. Heide-Jørgensen et R.A. Davis. 1994. The Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in West Greenland, Medd. Gronl. Biosci. 40: 3-33.

Born, E.W., I. Kraul et T. Kristensen. 1981. Mercury, DDT and PCB in the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Thule District, North Greenland, Arctic 34: 255-260.

Born, E.W., S. Rysgaard, G. Ehlmé, M. Sejr, M. Acquarone et N. Levermann. 2003. Underwater observations of foraging free-Iiving Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) and estimates of their food consumption, Polar Biol. 26: 348-357.

Brenton, C. 1979. Walrus, p. 55-57, in FAO Fisheries Series No. 5: Mammals in the seas, Volume II, Pinniped species summaries and report on Sirenians, Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Rome.

Brice-Bennett, C. 1976. Inuit land use in the east central Canadian arctic, p. 63-81, in M.M.R. Freeman (éd.), Inuit land use and occupancy study, Vol. 1, Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, Ottawa.

Brody, H. 1976. Inuit land use in northern Baffin Island and northern Foxe Basin, p. 153-172, in M.M.R. Freeman (éd.), Inuit land use and occupancy study, Vol. 1, Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, Ottawa.

Brooke, L.F. 1997. A report on the 1996 Nunavik beluga and walrus subsistence harvest study, Pêches et Océans Canada, (stratégie relative aux pêches autochtones [Canada]), 45 p.

Brown, M., J.E. Green, T.J. Boag et E. Kuitunen-Ekbaum. 1950. Parasitic infections in the eskimos at Igloolik, N.W.T., Can. J. Public Health 41: 508-512.

Brown, M., R.G. Sinclair, L.B. Cronk, G.C. Clark et E. Kuitunen-Ekbaum. 1948. Intestinal parasites of eskimos on Southampton Island, Northwest Territories, Can. J. Public Health 39: 451-454.

Bruemmer, F. 1977. The gregarious but contentious walrus, Nat. Hist. 86: 52-61.

Buchanan, F.C., L.D. Maiers, T.D. Thue, B.G.E. deMarch et R.E.A. Stewart. 1998. Microsatellites from the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, Mol. Ecol. 7: 1083-1090.

Calvert, W., et I. Stirling. 1990. Interactions between polar bears and overwintering walruses in the central Canadian High Arctic, Int. Conf. Bear Res. and Manage.. 8: 351-356.

Campbell, W.C. 1988. Trichinosis revisited -- another look at modes of transmission, Parasitology Today 4: 83-86.

Camus, T. 2003. The sunbathing walrus, Halifax Herald, le jeudi 12 juin.

Cosens, S.E., R. Crawford, B.G.E. de March et T.A. Shortt. 1993. Report of the Arctic Fisheries Science Advisory Committee for 1991/92 and 1992/93, Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2224: iv + 51 p.

Cronin, M.A., S. Hills, E.W. Born et J.C. Patton. 1994. Mitochondrial DNA variation in Atlantic and Pacific walruses, Can. J. Zool. 72: 1035-1043.

Crowe, K.J. 1969. A cultural geography of northern Foxe Basin, Northern Science Research Group: ministère des Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien (NSRG) 69-2: xii + 130 p.

Currie, R.D. 1963. Western Ungava area economic survey, ministère du Nord canadien et des Ressources nationales, Area Economic Survey Report 62-2: 103 p.

Davis, R.A. 1981. Report on a workshop on arctic marine mammals, Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1005: iv + 13 p.

Davis, R.A., K.J. Finley et W.J. Richardson. 1980. The present status and future management of Arctic marine mammals in Canada, LGL Limited Environmental Research Associates, Toronto for Science Advisory Board of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife (Territoires du Nord-Ouest), 93 p.

Davis, R.A., W.R. Koski et K.J. Finley.1978. Numbers and distribution of walruses in the central Canadian High Arctic, LGL Limited, Environmental Research Associates, 44 Eglinton Avenue West, Toronto (Ontario), vii + 50 p.

Davis, W.J., P. Outridge et R.E.A. Stewart. 1998. Strontium isotopic composition of modern walrus teeth from Hudson Bay and Arctic Islands, Quebec and Northwest Territories, Geological Survey of Canada, Current Research 98-F: 77-80.

de March, B.G.E., C.A. de Wit et D.C.G. Muir (éd.). 1998. Persistent organic pollutants, chapitre 6, p. 183-371, in AMAP Assessment Report: Arctic pollution issues, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, NORVÈGE.

de March, B.G.E., L.D. Maiers et R.E.A. Stewart. 2002. Genetic relationships among Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the Foxe Basin and Resolute Bay–Bathurst Inlet area, Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique (SCCS) Research Document 2002/92, 20 p.

Degerbøl, M., et P. Freuchen. 1935. Mammals, Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition 1921–24, Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag. 2(4-5): 1-278, Copenhagen.

DeMaster, D.P. 1984. An analysis of a hypothetical population of walruses, p. 77-80, in F.H. Fay et G.A. Fedoseev (éd.), Soviet-American cooperative research on marine mammals, Volume 1 – pinnipeds, NOAA Technical Report NMFS 12.

Direction des terres. 1981. Nova Zembla Island, District of Franklin, Northwest Territories, Environnement Canada et Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, Land Use Information Series Map 38A (1:250,000 scale).

Donaldson, G.M., G. Chapdelaine et J.D. Andrews. 1995. Predation of thick-billed murres, Uria lomvia, at two breeding colonies by polar bears, Ursus maritimus, and walruses, Odobenus rosmarus, Can. Field-Nat. 109: 112-114.

Donaldson, J. 1988. The economic ecology of hunting, a case study of the Canadian Inuit, thèse de doctorat, department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge (Massachusetts), ix + 241 p.

Dueck, L. 2003. Proceedings of the RAP Meeting on Atlantic walrus, les 29 et 30 janvier 2000, Navigator Inn, Iqaluit (Nunavut) , Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique, Proceedings Series 2002/024: 20 p.

Dunbar, M.J. 1949. The Pinnipedia of the Arctic and Subarctic, Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 85: 1-22.

Dunbar, M.J. 1955. The status of the Atlantic walrus, Odobenus rosmarus (L.), in Canada, Arctic Circular VIII: 11-14.

Evans, R.D., P. Richner et P.M. Outridge. 1995. Micro-spatial variations of heavy metals in the teeth of walrus as determined by laser abaltion ICP–MS: the potential for reconstructing a history of metal exposure, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 28: 55-60.

Fay, F.H. 1960. Carnivorous walrus and some Arctic zoonoses, Arctic 13: 111-122.

Fay, F.H. 1981. Walrus Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758), p. 1-23, in S.H. Ridgway et R.J. Richardson (éd.), Handbook of marine mammals, Vol. 2. Seals. Academic Press, Londres.

Fay, F.H. 1982. Ecology and biology of the Pacific walrus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens Illiger, Department of the Interior des États-Unis, Fish and Wildlife Service, North American Fauna No. 74: vi + 279 p.

Fay, F.H. 1985. Odobenus rosmarus, Mamm. Species 238: 1-7.

Fay, F.H., J.J. Burns, A.A. Kibal'chich et S. Hills. 1991. Incidence of twin fetuses in walruses, Odobenus rosmarus L., Northwest Naturalist 72: 110-113.

Fay, F.H., J.J. Burns, S.W. Stoker et J.S. Grundy. 1994. The struck-and-lost factor in Alaskan walrus harvests, 1952–1972, Arctic 47: 368-373.

Fay, F.H., et B.P. Kelly. 1980. Mass natural mortality of walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) at St. Lawrence Island, Bering Sea, Autumn 1978, Arctic 33: 226-245.

Fay, F.H., et C. Ray. 1968. Influence of climate on the distribution of walruses, Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus). I. Evidence from thermoregulatory behavior, Zoologica 53: 1-18.

Finley, K.J., et W.E. Renaud. 1980. Marine mammals inhabiting the Baffin Bay north water in winter, Arctic 33: 724-738.

Fisher, K.I. 1989. Food habits and digestive efficiency in walrus, Odobenus rosmarus, thèse de maîtrise ès sciences, University of Manitoba, x + 88 p, Winnipeg, Canada.

Fisher, K.I., et R.E.A. Stewart. 1997. Summer foods of Atlantic walrus, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, in northern Foxe Basin, Northwest Territories, Can. J. Zool. 75: 1166-1175.

Fisher, K.I., R.E.A. Stewart, R.A. Kastelein et L.D. Campbell. 1992. Apparent digestive efficiency in walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) fed herring (Clupea harengus) and clams (Spisula sp.), Can. J. Zool. 70: 30-36.

Fisk, A.T., K. Hobbs et D.C.G. Muir (éd.). 2003. Contaminant levels, trends and effects in the biological environment, Canadian Arctic Contaminants Assessment Report II, ministère des Affaires indiennes et du Nord du Canada, Ottawa (Ontario), xix + 175 p.

Flaherty, R.J. 1918. The Belcher Islands of Hudson Bay: their discovery and exploration, Geogr. J. 5: 433-458.

Fleming, M., et S. Newton. 2003. Hudson Bay TEKMS Report on select Hudson Bay features, préparé pour considération par Bruce Stewart pour incorporation dans le Hudson Bay Ecosystem Overview, 24 p.

Freeman, M.M.R. 1964. Observations on the Kayak-Complex, Belcher Islands, N.W.T., Natl Mus. Can. Bull. 194: 56-91.

Freeman, M.M.R. 1969-1970. Studies in maritime hunting I. Ecologic and technologic restraints on walrus hunting, Southampton Island, N.W.T., Folk 11-12: 155-171.

Freeman, M.M.R. 1974-1975. Studies in maritime hunting II. An analysis of walrus hunting and utilization: Southampton Island, N.W.T. 1970., Folk 16-17: 147-158.

Freuchen, P. 1921. Om hvalrossens forekomst og vandringer ved Grønlands vestkyst (Occurrence and migrations of the walrus near the west coast of Greenland), Dansk naturhistorisk forening i København, Videnskabelige meddelelser 72: 237-249. (en Danois, traduit vers l’anglais en 1973 : Can. Transl. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2383, 14 p.).

Gamble, R.L. 1984. A preliminary study of the native harvest of wildlife in the Keewatin Region, Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1282: iv + 48 p.

Gamble, R.L. 1987a. Native harvest of wildlife in the Keewatin Region, Northwest Territories for the period October 1983 to September 1984, Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1543: v + 82 p.

Gamble, R.L. 1987b. Native harvest of wildlife in the Keewatin Region, Northwest Territories for the period October 1984 to September 1985, Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1544: v + 59 p.

Gamble, R.L. 1988. Native harvest of wildlife in the Keewatin Region, Northwest Territories for the period October 1985 to March 1986 and a summary for the entire period of the harvest study from October 1981 to March 1986, Can. Data Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 688: v + 85 p.

Garlich-Miller, J.L. 1994. Growth and reproduction of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in Foxe Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada, thèse de maîtrise ès sciences, Department of Zoology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg (Manitoba), 116 p.

Garlich-Miller, J.L., et R.E.A. Stewart. 1998. Growth and sexual dimorphism of atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in Foxe Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 14: 803-818.

Garlich-Miller, J.L., et R.E.A. Stewart. 1999. Female reproductive patterns and fetal growth of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in Foxe Basin, Northwest Territories, Canada, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 15: 179-191.

Garlich-Miller, J.L., R.E.A. Stewart, B.E. Stewart et E.A. Hiltz. 1993. Comparison of mandibular with cemental growth-layer counts for ageing Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), Can. J. Zool. 71: 163-167.

Gaston, A.J., et H. Ouellet. 1997. Birds and mammals of Coats Island, N.W.T., Arctic 50: 101-118.

Gjertz, I. 1990. Walrus predation on seabirds, Polar Rec. 26: 317.

Gjertz, I., D. Griffiths, B.A. Krafft, C. Lydersen et Ø. Wiig. 2001. Diving and haul-out patterns of walruses Odobenus rosmarus on Svalbards, Polar Biol. 24: 314-319.

Gouvernement du Nunavut. 2003. Trichinosis prevention program launched, communiqué daté du 30 janvier 2003, Iqaluit (Nunavut).

Greendale, R.G., et C. Brousseau-Greendale.1976. Observations of marine mammal migrations at Cape Hay, Bylot Island, during the summer of 1976, Can. Fish. Mar. Serv. Tech. Rep. 680: 25 p.

Guinn, B., et D.B. Stewart. 1988. Marine mammals of central Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Direction des terres d’Environnement Canada et la direction de l’environnement du Nord des Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, Northern Land Use Information Series, Background Report No. 6: ii + 65 p. + carte.

Hall, P. 2003. CITES and the conservation of the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), CITES World 11: 5-6.

Harrington, C.R. 1966. Extralimital occurrences of walruses in the Canadian arctic, J. Mammal. 47: 506-513.

Heinzig, L. 1996. Case reviews – botulism and trichinosis, EpiNorth 8(4): 7.

Hill, M. 2003. GN tests for trichinosis infection in walrus tongues, Nunatsiaq News, le 31 janvier 2003.

ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). 2003. Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758), Department of Agriculture des États-Unis, (http://www.itis.usda.gov/).

JBNQNHRC (James Bay and Northern Quebec Native Harvesting Research Committee). 1988. Final report: research to establish present levels of harvesting for the Inuit of northern Quebec, 1976–1980, James Bay and Northern Quebec Native Harvesting Research Committee, ville de Québec (Québec), vi + 173 p.

Johnston, D.H. 1961. Marine mammal survey, Hudson Bay 1961, Department of Lands and Forests de l’Ontario, manuscrit inédit, 32 p.

Kastelein, R.A. 2002. Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus, p. 1294-1300, in W.F. Perrin, B. Wursig et J.G.M. Thewissen (éd.), Encyclopedia of marine mammals, Academic Press, San Diego (Californie).

Kastelein, R.A., J.L. Dubbeldam et M.A.G. de Bakker. 1997. The anatomy of the walrus head (Odobenus rosmarus), part 5: the tongue and its function in walrus ecology, Aquat. Mamm. 23.1: 29-47.

Kastelein, R.A., J.L. Dubbeldam, M.A.G. de Bakker et N.M. Gerrits. 1996. The anatomy of the walrus head (Odobenus rosmarus), part 4: the ears and their function in aerial and underwater hearing, Aquat. Mamm. 22.2: 95-125.

Kastelein, R.A., et N.M. Gerrits. 1990. The anatomy of the walrus head (Odobenus rosmarus), part 1: the skull, Aquat. Mamm. 16.3: 101-119.

Kastelein, R.A., N.M. Gerrits et J.L. Dubbeldam. 1991. The anatomy of the walrus head (Odobenus rosmarus), part 2: description of the muscles and of their role in feeding and haulout behaviour, Aquat. Mamm. 17.3: 156-180.

Kastelein, R.A., M. Muller et A. Terlouw. 1994. Oral suction of a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in air and under water, Z. Saeugetierkd. 59: 105-115.

Kastelein, R.A., N.M. Schooneman et P.R. Wiepkema. 2000. Food consumption and body weight of captive Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), Aquat. Mamm. 26: 175-190

Kastelein, R.A., S. Stevens et P. Mosterd. 1990. The tactile sensitivity of the mystacial vibrissae of a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), part 2: masking, Aquat. Mamm. 16.2: 78-87.

Kastelein, R.A., et M.A. van Gaalen. 1988. The tactile sensitivity of the mystacial vibrissae of a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), part 1, Aquat. Mamm. 14.3: 123-133.

Kastelein, R.A., R.C.V.J. Zweypfenning, H. Spekreijse, J.L. Dubbeldam et E.W. Born. 1993. The anatomy of the walrus head (Odobenus rosmarus), part 3: the eyes and their function in walrus ecology, Aquat. Mamm. 19.2: 61-92.

Kemp, W.B. 1976. Inuit land use in south and east Baffin Island, p. 125-151, in M.M.R. Freeman (éd.), Inuit land use and occupancy project, Volume 1: Land use and occupancy, Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).

Killian, H.P.L., et I. Stirling. 1978. Observations on overwintering walruses in the eastern Canadian High Arctic, J. Mammal. 59: 197-200.

Kingsley, M.C.S. 1998. Walruses, Odobenus rosmarus, in the Gulf and estuary of the St. Lawrence, 1992–1996, Can. Field-Nat. 112: 90-93.

Knutsen, L.Ø., et E.W. Born. 1994. Body growth in Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from Greenland, J. Zool. (Lond.) 234: 371-385.

Kovacs, K.M., et D.M. Lavigne. 1992. Maternal investment in otariid deals and walruses, Can. J. Zool. 70: 1953-1964.

Kumlien, L. (éd.). 1879. Contributions to the natural history of Arctic America, made in connection with the Howgate Polar Expedition, 1877–78, U.S. Natl Mus. Bull. 15: 179 p.

Le Boeuf, B.J. 1986. Sexual strategies of seals and walruses, New Sci. 1491: 36-39.

Loughrey, A.G. 1959. Preliminary investigation of the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus (Linnaeus), Can.Wildl. Serv. Bull. (Ott.) (Series 1) 14: 123 p.

Low, A.P. 1906. Report of the Dominion Government expedition to Hudson Bay and the Arctic Islands on board the D.G.S. Neptune, 1903–1904, Imprimerie de l'État, Ottawa (Ontario), xvii + 355 + carte.

Lowry, L.F., et F.H. Fay. 1984. Seal eating by walruses in the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Polar Biol. 3: 11-18.

Lowry, L.F., et K.J. Frost. 1981. Feeding and trophic relationships of phocid seals and walruses in the eastern Bering Sea, p. 813-824, in D.W. Hood et J.A. Calder (éd.), The eastern Bering Sea shelf: oceanography and resources, Vol. 2, University of Washington Press, Seattle (État de Washington).

Lowry, L.F., R.R. Nelson et K.J. Frost. 1987. Observations of killer whales, Orcinus orca, in western Alaska: sightings, strandings, and predation on other marine mammals, Can. Field-Nat. 101: 6-12.

MacLaren Atlantic Limited. 1978. Report on aerial surveys 77–2, 77–3, 77–4 studies of seabirds and marine mammals in Davis Strait, Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay, rapport inédit préparé par MacLaren Atlantic Limited, Dartmouth (Nouvelle-Écosse), pour Imperial Oil Limited, Aquitaine Company of Canada, Ltd., et Canada Cities Service Ltd., Calgary (Alberta), pagination variée. (APOA Projects 134 & 138).

MacLaren, I. 1993. Growth in pinnipeds, Biol. Rev. 68: 1-79.

MacLaren Marex Inc. 1979. Report on aerial surveys of birds and marine mammals in the southern Davis Strait between April and December, 1978. Volume 3, Marine mammals, rapport inédit préparé par MacLaren Marex Inc., St. Johns (Terre-Neuve), pour Esso Resources Canada Ltd., Aquitaine Company of Canada, Ltd., et Canada Cities Service Ltd., Calgary (Alberta), pagination variée, (APOA Project 146).

MacLaren Marex Inc. 1980a. Aerial monitoring of marine birds and mammals: the 1979 offshore drilling programme near southeast Baffin Island, rapport inédit préparé pour ESSO Resources Canada Ltd. et Aquitaine Company of Canada Ltd., 88 p.

MacLaren Marex Inc. 1980b. Surveys for marine mammals along the outer coastline of southeast Baffin Island (August to October 1979), rapport inédit préparé pour Resources Canada Ltd. et Aquitaine Company of Canada Ltd.

MacLean, J.D., L. Poirier, T.W. Gyorkos, J.-F. Proulx, J. Bourgeault, A. Corriveau, S. Illisituk et M. Staudt. 1992. Epidemiologic and serologic definition of primary and secondary trichinosis in the Arctic, J. Infect. Dis. 165: 908-912.

Malakauskas, A., et C.M.O. Kapel. 2003. Tolerance to low temperatures of domestic and sylvatic Trichinella spp. in rat muscle tissue, J. Parasitol. 89: 744-748.

Manning, T.H. 1946. Bird and mammal notes from the east side of Hudson Bay, Can. Field-Nat. 60: 71-85.

Manning, T.H. 1961. Comments on "Carnivorous walrus and some arctic zoonoses", Arctic 14: 76-77.

Manning, T.H. 1976. Birds and mammals of the Belcher, Sleeper, Ottawa, and King George islands, Northwest Territories, Environnement Canada, Service canadien de la faune, Document hors série 28: 1-42.

Mansfield, A.W. 1958. The biology of the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus (Linnaeus) in the eastern Canadian Arctic, Fish. Res. Board Can. Manuscr. Rep. 653: xiii + 146.

Mansfield, A.W. 1959. The walrus in the Canadian arctic, Fish. Res. Board Can. Arctic Unit Circ. 2: 1-13.

Mansfield, A.W. 1962. Present status of the walrus population at Southampton and Coats islands, Fish. Res. Board Can., Arctic Unit, Annual Report and Investigators Summaries April 1, 1961 to March 31, 1962: 41-48.

Mansfield, A.W. 1966. The walrus in Canada's arctic, Can. Geogr. J. 72: 88-95.

Mansfield, A.W. 1967. Seals of arctic and eastern Canada, Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 137: 35 p.

Mansfield, A.W. 1973. The Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus in Canada and Greenland, IUCN (Intl Union Conserv. Nat. Nat. Resour.) Publ. New Ser. Suppl. Pap. 39: 69-79.

Mansfield, A.W., et D.J. St. Aubin. 1991. Distribution and abundance of the Atlantic walrus, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, in the Southampton Island-Coats Island region of northern Hudson Bay, Can. Field-Nat. 105: 95-100.

May, B.M. 1942. Walrus hunt, The Beaver 1942: 38-40. (Outfit 273).

McIntyre, T. 2002. The walrus and the zookeeper, Can. Geographic May.

Mercer, M.C. 1967. Records of the Atlantic walrus, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, from Newfoundland, J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 24: 2631-2635.

Miller, E.H. 1975. Walrus ethology. I. The social role of tusks and applications of multidimensional scaling, Can. J. Zool. 53: 590-613.

Miller, E.H. 1976. Walrus ethology. II. Herd structure and activity budgets of summering males, Can. J. Zool. 54: 704-715.

Miller, E.H. 1982. Herd organization and female threat behavior in Atlantic walruses Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus (L.), Mammalia 46: 29-34.

Miller, E.H. 1985. Airborne acoustic communication in the walrus Odobenus rosmarus, Natl Geogr. Res. 1: 124-145.

Miller, E.H., et D.J. Boness. 1983. Summer behavior of Atlantic walruses Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus (L.) at Coats Island, N.W.T., Z. Saeugetierkd. 48: 298-313.

Miller, R.F. 1997. New records and AMS radiocarbon dates on Quaternary walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) from New Brunswick, Géogr. phys. Quat. 51: 1-5.

MPO (ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Canada). 1991. Annual summary of fish and marine mammal harvest data for the Northwest Territories, 1988–1989, Volume 1: v + 59 p. (Institut des eaux douces, Région du Centre et de l'Arctique, ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Winnipeg [Manitoba] R3T 2N6).

MPO (ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Canada). 1992a. Annual summary of fish and marine mammal harvest data for the Northwest Territories, 1989–1990, Volume 2: xiv + 61 p. (Institut des eaux douces, Région du Centre et de l'Arctique, ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Winnipeg [Manitoba] R3T 2N6).

MPO (ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Canada). 1992b. Annual summary of fish and marine mammal harvest data for the Northwest Territories, 1990–1991, Volume 3: xiv + 67 p. (Institut des eaux douces, Région du Centre et de l'Arctique, ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Winnipeg [Manitoba] R3T 2N6).

MPO (ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Canada). 1993. Annual summary of fish and marine mammal harvest data for the Northwest Territories, 1991–1992, Volume 4: xiv + 69 p. (Institut des eaux douces, Région du Centre et de l'Arctique, ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Winnipeg [Manitoba] R3T 2N6).

MPO (ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Canada). 1994. Annual summary of fish and marine mammal harvest data for the Northwest Territories, 1992–1993, lume 5: xvii + 104 p. (Institut des eaux douces, Région du Centre et de l'Arctique, ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Winnipeg [Manitoba] R3T 2N6).

MPO (ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Canada). 1995. Annual summary of fish and marine mammal harvest data for the Northwest Territories, 1993–1994, Volume 6: xv + 86 p. (Institut des eaux douces, Région du Centre et de l'Arctique, ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Winnipeg [Manitoba] R3T 2N6).

MPO (ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Canada). 1996. Annual summary of fish and marine mammal harvest data for the Northwest Territories, 1994–1995, Volume 7: xiii + 85 p. (Institut des eaux douces, Région du Centre et de l'Arctique, ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Winnipeg [Manitoba] R3T 2N6).

MPO (ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Canada). 1997. Annual summary of fish and marine mammal harvest data for the Northwest Territories, 1995–1996, Volume 8: xii + 80 p.

MPO (ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Canada). 1999. Annual summary of fish and marine mammal harvest data for the Northwest Territories, 1996–1997, Volume 9: xii+ 72 p.

MPO (ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Canada). 2000. Atlantic walrus, ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Canada, Région du Centre et de l'Arctique, DFO Science, Stock Status Report E5-21: 19 p.

Muir, D., E.W. Born, K. Koczansky et G.A. Stern. 2000. Temporal and spatial trends of persistent organochlorines in Greenland walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), Sci. Total Environ. 2000: 73-86.

Muir, D.C.G., M.D. Segstro, K.A. Hobson, C.A. Ford, R.E.A. Stewart et S. Olpinski. 1995. Can seal eating explain elevated levels of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in walrus blubber from eastern Hudson Bay (Canada), Environ. Pollut. 90: 355-348.

Nicklin, P., et D. Lanken. 2002. Grace under water. Can. Geographic 122: 48-59.

Nielsen, O., A. Clavijo et J.A. Boughen. 2001b. Serologic evidence of influenza A infection in marine mammals of Arctic Canada, J. Wildl. Dis. 37: 820-825.

Nielsen, O., K. Nielsen et R.E.A. Stewart. 1996. Serologic evidence of Brucella spp exposure in Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) and ringed seals (Phoca hispida) of Arctic Canada, Arctic 49: 383-386.

Nielsen, O., R.E.A. Stewart, L. Measures, P. Duignan et C. House. 2000. A morbillivirus antibody survey of Atlantic walrus, narwhal and beluga in Canada, J. Wildl. Dis. 36: 508-517.

Nielsen, O., R.E.A. Stewart, K. Nielsen, L. Measures et P. Duignan. 2001a. Serologic survey of Brucella spp. antibodies in some marine mammals of North America, J. Wildl. Dis. 37: 89-100.

Norstrom, R.J., et D.C.G. Muir. 2000. Organochlorine contamination in the Arctic marine ecosystem: implications for marine mammals, p. 38-43, in The Atlantic Coast Contaminants Workshop 2000 "Endocrine disruptors in the marine environment: impacts on marine wildlife and human health", The Marine Environmental Research Institute (MERI), University of Connecticut, Department of Pathobiology, et Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor (Maine).

NAMMCO. 2006. NAMMCO (North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission) Scientific Committee Working Group on the stock status of walruses in the North Atlantic and adjacent seas, rapport final, Copenhagen, du 11 au 14 janvier 2005, 27 p.

Oliver, J.S., P. N. Slattery, E.F. O’Connor et L.F. Lowry. 1983. Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus, feeding in the Bering Sea: a benthic perspective, Fish. Bull. 81: 501-512.

Olpinski, S. 1990. The 1989 Nunavik beluga whale and walrus subsistence harvest study, rapport préparé pour le ministère des Pêches et des Océans par Makavik Corporation, Kuujjuaq Research Centre, Kuujjuaq (Québec), v + 19 p.

Olpinski, S. 1993. The 1992 Nunavik beluga whale and walrus subsistence harvest study, rapport présenté au ministère des Pêches et des Océans en vertu d’un sous-contrat conclu avec The Municipal Corporation of Kuujjuaq, Kuujjuaq (Québec), vi + 36 p .

Olsen, S. 2004. A new executive order on the protection and hunting of beluga whales and narwhals, Ministry of Fisheries and Hunting du Groenland, Nuuk, Groenland, communiqué daté du 12 février 2004. [Traduit du danois par Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada, Bureau de la traduction, demande no 1718096].

Orr, J.R., et T. Rebizant. 1987. A summary of information on the seasonal distribution and abundance of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) in the area of northern Hudson Bay and western Hudson Strait, NWT, as collected from local hunters, Can. Data Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 624: iv + 16.

Orr, J.R., B. Renooy et L. Dahlke. 1986. Information from hunts and surveys of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) in northern Foxe Basin, Northwest Territories, 1982-1984, Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1899: iv + 29 p.

Outridge, P.M., W.J. Davis, R.E.A. Stewart et E.W. Born. 2003. Investigation of the stock structure of Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in Canada and Greenland using dental Pb isotopes derived from local geochemical environments, Arctic 56: 82-90.

Outridge, P.M., R.D. Evans, R. Wagemann et R.E.A. Stewart. 1997. Historical trends of heavy metals and stable lead isotopes in beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) in the Canadian Arctic, Sci. Total Environ. 203: 209-219.

Outridge, P.M., K.A. Hobson, R. McNeely et A. Dyke. 2002. A comparison of modern and preindustrial levels of mercury in the teeth of beluga in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, and walrus at Igloolik, Nunavut, Canada, Arctic 85: 123-132.

Outridge, P.M., D.D. MacDonald, E. Porter et I.A. Cuthbert. 1994. An evaluation of the ecological hazards associated with cadmium in the Canadian environment, Environ. Rev. 2: 91-107.

Outridge, P.M., et R.E.A. Stewart. 1999. Stock discrimination of Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in the eastern Canadian Arctic using lead isotope and element signatures in teeth, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56: 105-112.

Pattimore, J.H. 1983a. Summary of harvests reported by hunters in Baffin Region, Northwest Territories during 1982, Baffin Region Inuit Association study on Inuit Harvesting, Prog. Rep. 2: 22 p.

Pattimore, J.H. 1983b. Summary of harvests reported by hunters in outpost camps of Baffin Region, Northwest Territories during 1982, Baffin Region Inuit Association study on Inuit Harvesting, Prog. Rep. 3: 18 p.

Pattimore, J.H. 1985. Inuit wildlife harvest for 1984 in the Baffin Region, Baffin Region Inuit Association study on Inuit Harvesting 124 p.

Pianka, E.R. 1988. Evolutionary ecology, 4e éd., Harper and Row (État de New York), ix + 468 p.

Portnoff, M. 1994. The 1993 Nunavik beluga whale and walrus substinence harvest study, rapport inédit préparé pour la Stratégie sur les pêches autochtones du ministère des Pêches et des Océans, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli (Québec), iv + 61 p.

Pozio, E., G. LaRosa, K.D. Murrell et J.R. Lichtenfels. 1992. Taxonomic revision of the genus Trichinella, J. Parasitol. 78: 654-659.

Priest, H., et P.J. Usher. 2004. The Nunavut wildlife harvest study, août 2004, rapport final, (Nunavut) Canada, 822 p.

Proulx, J.-F., V. Milor-Roy et J. Austin. 1997. Four outbreaks of botulism in Ungava Bay, Nunavik, Quebec. Can. Communicable Dis. Rep. 23-04 (le 15 février 1997).

Proulx, J.-F., J.D. MacLean, T.W. Gyorkos, D. Leclair, A.K. Richter, B. Serhir, L. Forbes et A.A. Gajadhar. 2002. Novel prevention program for trichinellosis in Inuit communities, Clin. Infect. Dis. 34: 1508-1514.

Ray, C., et F.H. Fay. 1968. Influence of climate on the distribution of walruses, Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus). II. Evidence from physiological characteristics, Zoologica 53: 19-32.

Read, C.J., et S.E. Stephansson. 1976. Distribution and migration routes of marine mammals in the central Arctic region, Can. Fish. Mar. Serv. Tech. Rep. 667: v + 13 p.

Reeves, R.R. 1978. Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus): a literature survey and status report, Department of the Interior des États-Unis, Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report (Washington [District de Columbia]), 10: ii + 41 p.

Reeves, R.R. 1995. Walruses of Nunavik, préparé pour le ministère des Pêches et des Océans du Canada dans le cadre du Programme fédéral de développement des pêches du Québec, Québec, x + 48 p.

Richard, P., J.R. Orr, R. Dietz et L. Dueck. 1998. Sightings of belugas and other marine mammals in the North Water, late March 1993, Arctic 51: 1-4.

Richard, P.R. 1993. Summer distribution and abundance of walrus in northern Hudson Bay, western Hudson Strait, and Foxe Basin: 1988–1990, document d’information préparé pour le Arctic Fisheries Science Advisory Meeting, les 17 et 18 février 1993 par le ministère des Pêches et des Océans du Canada, Région du Centre et de l’Arctique, Winnipeg (Manitoba), 11 p. + figures.

Richard, P.R., et R.R. Campbell. 1988. Status of the Atlantic walrus, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in Canada, Can. Field-Nat. 102: 337-350.

Richer, S. 2003. Nova Scotians awake to find a rare walrus in their midst, Globe and Mail, le jeudi 12 juin : A3 (illustré).

Riewe, R.R. 1976. Inuit land use in the High Arctic, p. 173-184, in M.M.R. Freeman (éd.), Inuit land use and occupancy study, Vol. 1, ministère des Affaires indiennes et du Nord Canadien, Ottawa.

Riewe, R.R., et Amsden. C.W. 1977. Harvesting and utilization of pinnipeds by Inuit hunters in Canada's eastern High Arctic, p. 324-348, in A.P. McCartney (éd.), Thule Eskimo culture: an anthropological retrospective, Nat. Mus. Man. Archaeol. Surv. Can. Pap. 88 (Mercury Series).

Roy, C. 1971. La chasse des mammifères marins chez les Ivujivimmiut, Cahiers de Géographie du Québec 15: 509-521.

Salter, R.E. 1979a. Site utilization, activity budgets, and disturbance responses of Atlantic walruses during terrestrial haul-out, Can. J. Zool. 57: 1169-1180.

Salter, R.E. 1979b. Observations on social behaviour of Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus (L.)) during terrestrial haul-out, Can. J. Zool. 58: 461-463.

Schwartz, F.H. 1976. Inuit land use in Hudson Bay and James Bay, p. 115-120, in M.M.R. Freeman (éd.), Inuit Land Use and Occupancy Project, Volume 1, Milton Freeman Research Limited pour le ministère des Affaires indiennes et du Nord Canadien, Ottawa (Ontario).

Schwartz, F.H. 1982. Native land use in the Lancaster Sound area, Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien, Environ. Stud. 27: 47 p. + carte.

Serhir, B., J.D. MacLean, S. Healey, B. Segal et L. Forbes.2001. Outbreak of trichinellosis associated with Arctic walruses in northern Canada, 1999, Santé Canada, Direction générale de la santé de la population et de la santé du public, Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada 27-04: 6 p.

Sjare, B., et I. Stirling. 1996. The breeding behavior of Atlantic walruses, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, in the Canadian High Arctic, Can. J. Zool. 74: 897-911.

Sjare, B., I. Stirling et C. Spencer. 2003. Structural variation in the songs of Atlantic walruses breeding in the Canadian High Arctic, Aquat. Mamm. 29.2: 297-318.

Smith, T.G., M.H. Hammill, D.W. Doidge, T. Cartier et G.A. Sleno. 1979. Marine mammal studies in southeastern Baffin Island, rapport final du Eastern Arctic Marine Environmental Studies (EAMES) project, Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1552: 70 p.

Stern, R.A., P.M. Outridge, W.J. Davis et R.E.A. Stewart. 1999. Reconstructing lead isotope exposure histories preserved in the growth layers of walrus teeth using the SHRIMP II ion microprobe, Environ. Sci. Technol. 33: 1771-1775.

Stewart, B.E., et P.M. Burt. 1994. Extralimital occurrences of beluga, Delphinapterus leucas, and walrus, Odobenus rosmarus, in Bathurst Inlet, Northwest Territories, Can. Field-Nat. 108: 488-490.

Stewart, B.E. (éd.). 1993. The Walrus International Technical and Scientific Committee's bibliography on walrus, Odobenus rosmarus (L.), to January, 1993, Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1923: iv + 191 p.

Stewart, D.B., R.A. Ratynski, L.M.J. Bernier et D.J. Ramsey. 1993. A fishery development strategy for the Canadian Beaufort Sea–Amundsen Gulf area, Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1910: vi + 127 p.

Stewart, R.E.A. 2002. Review of Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in Canada, Secrétariat canadien de consultation scientifique, Research Document 2002/091: 20 p.

Stewart, R.E.A., et Fay, F.H. 2001. Walrus, p. 174-179, in D. Macdonald et S. Norris (éd.), The new encyclopedia of mammals, Oxford University Press.

Stewart, R.E.A., P.M. Outridge et R.A. Stern. 2003. Walrus life-history movements reconstructed from lead isotopes in annual layers of teeth, Mar. Mamm. Sci. 19: 806-818.

Stewart, R.E.A., P.R. Richard et B.E. Stewart (éd.). 1993. Report of the 2nd Walrus International Technical and Scientific (WITS) Workshop, du 11 au 15 janvier 1993, Winnipeg (Manitoba) Canada, Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1940: viii + 91 p.

Stirling, I., W. Calvert et H. Cleator. 1983. Underwater vocalizations as a tool for studying the distribution and relative abundance of wintering pinnipeds in the High Arctic, Arctic 36: 262-274.

Stirling, I., W. Calvert et C. Spencer. 1987. Evidence of stereotyped underwater vocalizations of male Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), Can. J. Zool. 65: 2311-2321.

Stirling, I., et J.A. Thomas. 2003. Relationships between underwater vocalizations and mating systems in phocid seals, Aquat. Mamm. 29.2: 227-246.

Strong, J.T. 1989. Reported harvests of narwhal, beluga and walrus in the Northwest Territories, 1948–1987, Can. Data Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 734: iv + 14 p.

Tuck, L.M. 1957. Wildlife investigations in the Cape Hay region, Lancaster Sound, 1957, rapport pour le Service canadien de la faune.

Twomey, A.C. 1939. Walrus of the Sleepers, The Beaver 1939: 6-10. (Outfit 269).

Twomey, A.C., et Herrick, N. 1942. Needle to the north: the story of an expedition to Ungava and the Belcher Islands, Herbert Jenkins Ltd., Londres, Angleterre, 335 p.

Viallet, J., J.D. MacLean, C.A. Goresky, M. Staudt, G. Routhier et C. Law. 1986. Arctic trichinosis presenting as prolonged diarrhea, Gastroenterology 91: 938-946.

Vibe, C. 1950. The marine mammals and the marine fauna in the Thule District (northwest Greenland) with observations on ice conditions in 1939–41, Medd. Grønl. 150: 154 p.

Vibe, C. 1967. Arctic animals in relation to climatic fluctuations, Medd. Grønl. 170: 227 p.

Vlasman, K.L., et G.D. Campbell. 2003. Diseases and parasites of marine mammals of the eastern Canadian Arctic, Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph (Ontario), 109 p.

Wagemann, R., W.L. Lockhart, H. Welch et S. Innes. 1995. Arctic marine mammals as integrators and indicators of mercury in the arctic, Water Air Soil Pollut. 80: 683-693.

Wagemann, R., et R.E.A. Stewart. 1994. Concentrations of heavy metals and selenium in tissues and some foods of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the eastern Canadian Arctic and sub-Arctic, and associations between metals, age, and gender, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 51: 426-436.

Webber, P.J., J.W. Richardson et J.T. Andrews. 1970. Post-glacial uplift and substrate age at Cape Henrietta Maria, southeastern Hudson Bay, Canada, Can. J. Earth Sci. 7: 317-325.

Welch, H.E., et K. Martin-Bergmann. 1990. Does the clam Mya truncata regenerate its siphon after predation by walrus? Arctic 43: 157-158.

Welland, T. 1976. Inuit land use in Keewatin District and Southampton Island, p. 83-114, in M.M.R. Freeman (éd.), Inuit Land Use and Occupancy Project, Volume 1, Milton Freeman Research Limited pour le ministère des Affaires indiennes et du Nord Canadien, Ottawa (Ontario).

Witting, L., et E. Born. 2005: An assessment of Greenland walrus populations, ICES J. Mar. Sci . 62: 266-285.

Détails de la page

Date de modification :