Page 13 : Recommandations pour la qualité de l'eau potable au Canada : document technique – l'ammoniac
Partie II. Science et considérations techniques - suite
Abd El-Hady, H.M., Grünwald, A., Vlcková, K. et Zeithammerová, J. (2001). Lewatit S100 in drinking water treatment for ammonia removal. Acta Polytech., 41(1): 31-33.
Alberta Environment (2010). Communication personnelle de D. Reid, Drinking Water and Wastewater Section, Water Policy Branch, Edmonton, Alberta, mars.
Andersson, A., Laurent, P., Kihn, A., Prévost, M. et Servais, P. (2001). Impact of temperature on nitrification in biological activated carbon (BAC) filters used for drinking water treatment. Water Res., 35(12): 2923-2934.
APHA, American Water Works Association et Water Environment Federation (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21e édition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
Arwood, R., Hammond, J. et Ward, G.G. (1985). Ammonia inhalation. J. Trauma, 25(5): 444-447.
Asman, W.A.H., Sutton, M.A. et Schjørring, J.K. (1998). Ammonia: emission, atmospheric transport and deposition. New Phytol., 139(1): 27-48.
ASTM (2003). Standard test methods for ammonia nitrogen in water. American Society for Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvanie, 2003. DOI: 10.1520/D1426-03. Disponible à : www.astm.org
Atlas, R.M. et Bartha, R. (1998). Biochemical cycling: nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, iron, and other elements. In: Microbial ecology: Fundamentals and applications. 4e édition. L. Fogel et G. Wong (éditeurs). Benjamin/Cummings Science Publishing, Menlo Park, Californie. p. 414-425.
ATSDR. (2004). Toxicological profile for ammonia. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgie. Disponible à : www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp.asp?id=11&tid=2
Auerbach, C. et Robson, J.M. (1947). XXXIII-Test of chemical substances for mutagenic action. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. (Nat. Environ.), 62: 284-291.
AWWA (2006). Water chlorination/chloramination practices and principles: manual of water supply practices. 2ème edition. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Bablon, G.P., Ventresque, C. et Ben Aim, R. (1988). Developing a sand-GAC filter to achieve high-rate biological filtration. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 80(12): 47-53.
Baribeau, H. (2006). Chapitre 6: Growth and inactivation of nitrifying bacteria. Dans : Fundamentals and control of nitrification in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems. Manual of Water Supply Practices M56. 1st edition. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Baribeau, H. (2010). Chloramination issues: overview of nitrification. Dans: Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Inorganic Contaminants Workshop, Denver, Colorado, March 2, 2010. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Barzel, U.S. (1975). The effect of chronic ammonium chloride ingestion on parathyroid hormone function. Nephron, 14(5): 339-346.
Bouwer, E.J. et Crowe, P.B. (1988). Biological processes in drinking water treatment. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 80(9): 82-93.
Bouwman, A.F., Lee, D.S., Asman, W.A.H., Dentener, F.J., Van Der Hoek, K.W. et Olivier, J.G.J. (1997). A global high-resolution emission inventory for ammonia. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 11(4): 561-587.
Boyd E.M. et Seymour, K.G.W. (1946). Ethylenediamine dihydrochloride or chlor-ethamine. II. Untoward and toxic reactions. Exp. Med. Surg., 4: 223-227.
Boyd, E.M., MacLachlan, M.L. et Perry, W.F. (1944). Experimental ammonia gas poisoning in rabbits and cats. J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol., 26(1): 29-34.
Bremer, P.J., Webster, B.J. et Wells, D.B. (2001). Biocorrosion of copper in potable water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 93(8): 82-91.
Broderson, J.R., Lindsey, J.R. et Crawford, J.E. (1976). The role of environmental ammonia in respiratory mycoplasmosis of rats. Am. J. Pathol., 85(1): 115-130.
Broseus, R., Cigana, J., Barbeau, B., Daines-Martinez, C. et Suty, H. (2009). Removal of total dissolved solids, nitrates and ammonium ions from drinking water using charge-barrier capacitive deionisation. Desalination, 249(1): 217-223.
Brown, R.H., Duda, G.D., Korkes, S. et Handler, P. (1957). A colorimetric micromethod for determination of ammonia: the ammonia content of rat tissue and human plasma. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 66: 301-309.
Burns, T.R., Greenberg, S.D., Mace, M.L. et Jachimczyk, J.A. (1985). Ultrastructure of acute ammonia toxicity in the human lung. Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol., 6(3): 204-210.
Camford Information Services (2003). CPI product profile for ammonia. Scarborough, Ontario. Disponible à : www.camfordinfo.com/pdfs/cpipp_order_form.pdf
CCN (2011). Répertoire des organismes de certifications accrédités de produits et de services. Conseil canadien des normes, Ottawa, Ontario. Disponible à : www.scc.ca/fr/programs-services/product-certification/directory-of-accredited-clients.
Cevaal, J.N., Suratt, W.B. et Burke, J.E. (1995). Nitrate removal and water quality improvements with reverse osmosis for Brighton, Colorado. Desalination, 103(1-2): 101-111.
Charrois, J.W.A. et Hrudey, S.E. (2007). Breakpoint chlorination and free-chlorine contact time: implications for drinking water N-nitrosodimethylamine concentration. Water Research . 41, 674-682
Chowdhury, Z.K., Passantino, L., Summers, S., Work, L., Rossman, L. et Uber, J. (2006). Assessment of chloramine and chlorine residual decay in the distribution system. American Water Works Association Research Foundation et American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Christesen, H.B.T. (1995). Prediction of complications following caustic ingestion in adults. Clin Otolaryngol, 20(3): 272-278.
Clifford, D.A. (1999). Chapitre 9 : Ion exchange and inorganic adsorption. Dans : Water quality and treatment: a handbook of community water supplies. 5ème édition. R.D. Letterman (éditeur). McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Cohen, Y., Smith, S. et Baribeau, H. (2001). Nitrification: causes, prevention and control. Opflow, 27(12): 6-12.
Cohen, K. et Friedman, M. (2006). Chapitre 1: Introduction to nitrification in drinking water and impact on regulatory compliance. Dans: Fundamentals and control of nitrification in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems. Manual of Water Supply Practices M56. 1ère édition. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Conn, H.O. (1972). Studies of the source and significance of blood ammonia. IV. Early ammonia peaks after ingestion of ammonia salts. Yale J. Biol. Med., 45(5): 543-549.
Coon, R.A., Jones, R.A., Jenkins, L.J., Jr. et Siegel, J. (1970). Animal inhalation studies on ammonia, ethylene, glycol, formaldehyde, dimethylamine and ethanol. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 16(3): 646-655.
Cormier, Y., Israël-Assayag, E., Racine, G. et Duchaine, C. (2000). Farming practices and the respiratory health risks of swine confinement buildings. Eur. Respir. J., 15(3): 560-565.
Crittenden, J.C., Trussell, R.R., Hand, D.W., Howe, K.J. et Tchobanoglous, G. (2005). Water treatment: principles and design. 2ème édition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.
Dalhamn, T. (1963). Effect of ammonia alone and combined with carbon particles on ciliary activity in the rabbit trachea in vivo, with studies of the absorption capacity of the nasal cavity. Int. J. Air Water Pollut., 7: 531-539.
de la Hoz, R.E., Schlueter, D.P. et Rom, W.N. (1996). Chronic lung disease secondary to ammonia inhalation injury: a report on three cases. Am. J. Med., 29(2): 209-214.
Demerec, M., Bertani, G. et Flint, J. (1951). A survey of chemicals for mutagenic action on E. coli. Am. Nat., 85(821): 119-136.
Demir, A., Günay, A. et Debik, E. (2002). Ammonium removal from aqueous solution by ion-exchange using packed bed natural zeolite. Water SA, 28(3): 329-335.
Denmead, O.T., Freney, J.R. et Simpson, J.R. (1982). Atmospheric dispersion of ammonia during application of anhydrous ammonia fertilizer. J. Environ. Qual., 11: 568-572.
De Sousa, R.C., Harrington, J.T., Ricanati, E.S., Shelkrot, J.W. et Schwartz, W.B. (1974). Renal regulation of acid-base equilibrium during chronic administration of mineral acid. J. Clin. Invest., 53(2): 465-476.
Donham, K.J., Cumro, D., Reynolds, S.J. et Merchant, J.A. (2000). Dose-response relationships between occupational aerosol exposures and cross-shift declines of lung function in poultry workers: recommendations for exposure limits. J. Occup. Environ. Med., 42(3): 260-269.
Douglas, I., Guthmann, J., Muylwyk, Q. et Snoeyink, V. (2004). Corrosion control in the City of Ottawa -- Comparison of alternatives and case study for lead reduction in drinking water. Dans: Robertson, W. et Brooks, T. (éditeurs). 11ème Conférence canadienne nationale et le 2ème Forum des politiques sur l'eau potable. Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 3-6 avril.
Duda, G.D. et Handler, P. (1958). Kinetics of ammonia metabolism in vivo. J. Biol. Chem., 232(1): 303-314.
Edwards, M. et Dudi, A. (2004). Role of chlorine and chloramine in corrosion of lead-bearing plumbing materials. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 96(10): 69-81.
Egle, J.L. (1973). Retention of inhaled acetone and ammonia in the dog. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 34(12): 533-539.
Environnement Canada et Santé Canada (2001). Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement (1999). Liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, rapport d'évaluation. Ammoniac dans le milieu aquatique. Ottawa
Felipo, V. et Butterworth, R.F. (2002). Neurobiology of ammonia. Prog. Neurobiol., 67(4): 259-279.
Fleming, K., Harrington, G.W. et Noguera, D.R. (2005). Nitrification potential curve: a new strategy for nitrification prevention. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 97(8): 90-99.
Fleming, K., Harrington, G.W. et Noguera, D.R. (2008). Using nitrification potential curve to evaluate full scale drinking water distribution system. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 100(10): 92-103.
Fürst, P., Josephson, B., Maschio, G. et Vinnars, E. (1969). Nitrogen balance after intravenous and oral administration of ammonium salts to man. J. Appl. Phys., 26(1): 13-22.
Gaafar, H., Girgis, R., Hussein, M. et el-Nemr, F. (1992). The effect of ammonia on the respiratory nasal mucosa of mice. A histological and histochemical study. Acta Otolaryngol., 112(2): 339-342.
Gaspard, M., Neveu, A. et Martin, G. (1983). Utilisation de la clinoptilolite en potabilisation des eaux-élimination de l'ion NH4+ . Water Res., 17(3): 279-288.
Gauntlett, R. (1981). Removal of ammonia and nitrate in the treatment of potable water. Dans : Biological fluidized bed treatment of water and wastewater. Cooper P. et Atkinson, B., éditeurs. Publié pour le Water Research Centre, Stevenage Laboratory, par Horwood. p. 48.
George, A., Bang, R.L., Lari, A.R., Gang, R.K. et Kanjoor, J.R. (2000). Liquid ammonia injury. Burns, 26(4): 409-413.
Goodall, J.B. (1979). Biological removal of ammonia. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (EPA 570/19-79/020).
Goulding, K.W.T., Bailey, N.J., Bradbury, N.J., Hargreaves, P., Howe, M., Murphy, D.V., Poultron, P.R. et Willison, T.W. (1998). Nitrogen deposition and its contribution to nitrogen cycling and associated soil processes. New Phytol., 139(1): 49-58.
Groeneweg, J., Sellner, B. et Tappe, W. (1994). Ammonia oxidation in Nitrosomonas at NH3 concentration near Km: effects of pH and temperature. Water Res., 28(12): 25-61.
Haralambous, A., Maliou, E. et Malamis, M. (1992). The use of zeolite for ammonia uptake. Water Sci. Technol., 25(1): 139-145.
Harrington, G.W., Noguera, D.R., Kandou, A.I. et Vanhoven, D.J. (2002). Pilot-scale evaluation of nitrification control strategies. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 94(11): 78-89.
Harrington, G.W., Noguara, D., Bone, C., Kandou, A., Oldenburg, P., Regan, J. et van Hovemn, D. (2003). Ammonia from chloramine decay: effects on distribution system nitrification. American Water Works Association Research Foundation et American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Hill, C.P. et Arweiler, S. (2006). Chapitre 9 : Assessment and operational responses to nitrification episodes. Dans: Fundamentals and control of nitrification in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems. Manual of Water Supply Practices M56. 1ère édition. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Hodi, M., Polyak, K. et Hlavey, J. (1995). Removal of pollutants from drinking water by combined ion exchange and adsorption methods. Environ. Int., 21(3): 325-331.
Hossain, M., Fakhruddin, A.N.M. et Khan, S. (2007). Impact of raw water ammonia on the surface water treatment processes and its removal by nitrification. Bangladesh J. Microbiol., 24(2): 85-89.
HSDB (2005). Ammonia. Hazardous Substances Data Bank, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland. Disponible à : http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+162
Huang, Y.H. et Zhang, T.C. (2005). Effects of dissolved oxygen on formation of corrosion products and concomitant oxygen and nitrate reduction in zero-valent iron system with or without aqueous Fe2+. Water Res., 39(9): 1751-1760.
Hutchinson, G.L., Mosier, A.R. et Andre, C.E. (1982). Ammonia and amine emissions from a large cattle feedlot. J. Environ. Qual., 11(2): 288-293.
Janda, V. et Rudovský, J. (1994). Removal of ammonia from drinking water by biological nitrification. J. Water SRT - Aqua, 43(3): 120-125.
Kapeghian, J.C., Mincer, H.H., Jones, A.B., Verlagieri, A.J. et Waters, W. (1982). Acute inhalation toxicity of ammonia in mice. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 29(3): 371-378.
Kihn, A., Andersson, A., Laurent, P., Servais, P. et Prévost, M. (2002). Impact of filtration material on nitrification in biological filters used in drinking water production. J. Water SRT - Aqua, 51(1): 35-46.
Kirmeyer, G., Odell, L., Jacangelo, J., Wilczak, A. et Wolfe, R (1995). Nitrification occurrence and control in chloraminated water systems. American Water Works Association Research Foundation et American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Kirmeyer, G.J., LeChevallier, M., Baribeau, H., Martel, K., Thompson, G., Radder, L., Klement, W. et Flores, A. (2004). Optimizing chloramine treatment. 2ème édition. American Water Works Research Foundation et American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado (Rapport no 90993de l'AwwaRF).
Klein, J., Olson, K.R. et McKinney, H.E. (1985). Caustic injury from household ammonia. Am. J. Emerg. Med., 3(4): 320-322.
Klendshoj, N.C. et Rejent, T.A. (1966). Tissue levels of some poisoning agents less frequently encountered. J. Forensic Sci., 11(1): 75-80.
Koenig, H. et Koenig, R. (1949). Production of acute pulmonary edema by ammonium salts. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol., 70(3): 375-380.
Kors, L.J., Moorman, J.H.N., Wind, A.P.M. et van der Hoek, J.P. (1998). Nitrification and low temperature in a raw water reservoir and rapid sand filters. Water Sci. Technol., 37(2): 169-176.
Koyuncu, I. (2002). Effect of operating conditions on the separation of ammonium and nitrate ions with nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. J. Environ. Sci. Health A Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 37(7): 1347-1359.
Koyuncu, I., Topacikk, D., Turan, M., Celik, M.S. et Sarikaya, H.Z. (2001). Application of membrane technology to control ammonia in surface water. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 1(1): 117-124.
Kurama, H., Poetzschke, J. et Haseneder, R. (2002). The application of membrane filtration for the removal of ammonium ions from potable water. Water Res., 36(11): 2905-2909.
Landahl, H.D. et Herrmann, R.G. (1950). Retention of vapors and gases in the human nose and lung. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med., 1(1): 36-45.
Li, X. et Chu, H.P. (2003). Membrane bioreactor for the drinking water treatment of polluted surface water supply. Water Res., 37(19): 4781-4791.
Lin, S.H. et Wu, C.L. (1996). Ammonia removal from aqueous solution by ion exchange. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 35(2): 553-558.
Lobashev, M.E. et Smirnov, F.A. (1934). Nature of the action of chemical agents on mutational process in Drosophila melanogaster. II. The effect of ammonia on the occurrence of lethal transgenations. Acad. Sci. C. R. Biol., 3: 174-176.
Lopez, G., Dean, B.S. et Krenzelok, E.P. (1988). Oral exposure to ammonia inhalants: a report of 8 cases. Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 30: 350.
Lytle, D., Sorg, T., Wang, L., Muhlen, C., Rahrig, M. et French, K. (2007). Biological nitrification in a full scale and pilot scale iron removal drinking water treatment plant. J. Water SRT - Aqua, 56(2): 125-136.
Marconi, A.M., Battaglia, F.C., Meschia, G. et Sparks, J.W. (1989). A comparison of amino acid arteriovenous differences across the liver and placenta of the fetal lamb. Am. J. Physiol., 257(6 Pt. 1): E909-915.
McGovern, B. et Nagy, R. (2010). Biological removal of iron, manganese and ammonia simultaneously utilizing pressurized downflow filtration. Dans : Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Water Quality Technology Conference. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
McGuire, M., Lieu, N. et Pearthree, M. (1999). Using chlorite ion to control nitrification. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 91(10): 52-61.
McGuire, M.J., Wu, X., Blute, N.K., Askenaizer, D. et Qin, G. (2009). Prevention of nitrification using chlorite ion: results of a demonstration project in Glendale, Calif. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 101(10): 47-58.
Melbostad, E. et Eduard, W. (2001). Organic dust-related respiratory and eye irritation in Norwegian farmers. Am. J. Ind. Med., 39(2): 209-217.
Metges, C.C., Petzke, K.H., El-Khoury, A.E., Henneman, L., Grant, I., Bedri, S., Regan, M.M., Fuller, M.F. et Young, V.R. (1999). Incorporation of urea and ammonia nitrogen into ileal and fecal microbial proteins and plasma free amino acids in normal men and ileostomates. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 70(6): 1046-1058.
Miñana, M.D., Marcaidam, G., Grisolíam, S. et Felipo, V. (1995). Prenatal exposure of rats to ammonia impairs NMDA receptor function and affords delayed protection against ammonia toxicity and glutamate neurotoxicity. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 54(5): 644-650.
Mori, S., Kaneko, H., Mitsuma, T., Hayakawa, T., Yamaguchi, C. et Urama, M. (1998). Implications of gastric tropical bioactive peptides in ammonia-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats. Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 33(4): 386-393.
Muramoto, S., Udagawa, T. et Okamura, T. (1995). Effective removal of musty odor in the Kanamachi purification plant. Water Sci. Technol., 31(11): 219-222.
Muylwyk, Q. (2009). Chloramine 101 :Introduction to planning, design, implementation, and operation with chloramine. A little bit of chloramines chemistry. American Water Works Association Annual Conference and Exposition, 14-18 juin 2009, San Diego, California.
Nagy, R. et Granlund, C. (2008). Field report--Biofiltration and RO combined to address water quality challenges. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 100(12): 52, 54-55.
Nawrocki, J. et Andrzejewski, P. (2011). Nitrosamines and water. J. Hazard. Mater. 189 (1-18)
NEMI (2010). National Environmental Methods Index. United States Geological Survey and United States Environmental Protection Agency. Disponible à : www.nemi.gov
NHMRC (2004). Australian drinking water guidelines. National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Government. Disponible à : www.nhmrc.gov.au/publications/synopses/eh19syn.htm
Nova Scotia Environment (2010). Communication personnelle de C. Mosher, Water and Wastewater Branch, Halifax, Nouvelle-Écosse, février.
Odell, L., Kirmeyer, G., Wilzak, A., Jacangelo, J., Marchinko, J. et Wolfe, R. (1996). Controlling nitrification in chloraminated systems. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 88(7): 86-98.
OMS (2003). Ammonia in drinking water. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality. Organisation mondiale de la Santé, Genève (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/01).
Park, J.B., Lee, S.H., Lee, J.W. et Lee, C.Y. (2002). Lab scale experiments for permeable reactive barriers against contaminated groundwater with ammonia and heavy metals using clinoptilolite (01-29B). J. Hazard. Mater., B95(1-2): 65-79.
Pintar, K.D. et Slawson, R.M. (2003). Effect of temperature and disinfection strategies on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in bench scale drinking water distribution system. Water Res., 37(8): 1805-1817.
Pintar, K., Slawson, R. et Huck, P. (2000). Investigation of conditions and control strategies influencing nitrification in a chloraminated bench-scale distribution study. Dans : Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Water Quality and Technology Conference. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
PISSC (1986). Ammonia. Programme International sur la Sécurité des Substances Chimiques, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Genève. (Environmental Health Criteria 54). Disponible à : www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc54.htm
Pitts, R.F. (1971). The role of ammonia production and excretion in regulation of acid-base balance. N. Engl. J. Med., 284(1): 32-38.
Pon, R. (2008). Do you really have a free chlorine residual? Opflow, 34(6): 24-27.
Price, S.K., Hughes, J.E., Morrison, S.C. et Potgieter, P.D. (1983). Fatal ammonia inhalation--A case report with autopsy findings. S. Afr. Med. J., 64(24): 952-955.
Quail, S. (2008). Blended RO and biological filtration: a novel treatment combination for ammonia removal and copper corrosion control. Dans : Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Water Quality Technology Conference, November 18, 2008. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Randtke, S. (2010). Chapitre 2: Chemistry of aqueous chlorine. Dans : White's handbook of chlorination and alternative disinfectants. 5ème édition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.
Rezania, L.W. (2010). Minnesota ammonia study--Phase 1 problem assessment and data collection. Dans : American Water Works Association Inorganic Contaminants Workshop, February 28 to March 2, 2010. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Richard, D., Jouany, J.M.et Boudène, C.. (1978). Toxicité aiguë par voie aérienne du gaz ammoniac chez le lapin. C.R. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci., Série D, 287(4): 375-378.
Richards, P., Brown, C.L., Houghton, B.J. et Wrong, O.M. (1975). The incorporation of ammonia nitrogen into albumin in man: the effects of diet, uremia and growth hormone. Clin. Nephrol., 3(5): 172-179.
Richardson, S.D. (2005). New disinfection by products issues: Emerging DBPs and alternative routes of exposure. Clobal NEST Journal. Vol. 7, No. 1, pp 43-66.
Rittmann, B.E. et Snoeyink, V.L. (1984). Achieving biologically stable drinking water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 76(10): 106-114.
Rogalla, F., Ravarini, P., de Larminat, G. et Couttelle, J. (1990). Large scale biological nitrate and ammonia removal. Water Environ. J., 4(4): 319-328.
Rosenbaum, A.M., Walner, D.L., Dunham, M.E. et Holinger, L.D. (1998). Ammonia capsule ingestion causing upper aerodigestive tract injury. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 119(6): 678-680.
Salvatore, F., Bocchini, V. et Cimino, F. (1963). Ammonia intoxication and its effects on brain and blood ammonia levels. Biochem. Pharmacol., 12: 1-6.
Santé et bien-être social Canada (1993). Principes et techniques de traitement de l'eau : recommandations pour la qualité de l'eau potable au Canada : manuel de production d'eau potable. Élaboré pour la Direction de l'hygiène du milieu, Direction générale de la protection de la santé, Santé Canada. Ottawa, Ontario, Association canadienne des eaux potables et usées.
Santé Canada (1995). Recommandations pour la qualité de l'eau potable au Canada : Document technique -- les chloramines. Bureau des dangers des produits chimiques, Direction générale de la protection de la santé publique.. Ottawa, Ontario.
Santé Canada (2008a). Communication personnelle de K. Taracha, ingénieure, Direction générale de la santé des Premières nations et des Inuits, Ottawa, Ontario, juillet.
Santé Canada. (2008b). Recommandations pour la qualité de l'eau potable au Canada : document technique --
Le chlorite et le chlorate. Bureau de l'eau, de l'air et des changements climatiques, Direction générale de la santé environnementale et de la sécurité des consommateurs, Santé Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).
Santé Canada (2011). Recommandations pour la qualité de l'eau potable au Canada : document technique -- N-Nitrosodimethylamine. Bureau de l'eau, de l'air et des changements climatiques, Direction générale de la santé environnementale et de la sécurité des consommateurs, Santé Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).
Santé Canada (2012). Communication personnelle de A.M. Tugulea, Direction des sciences de la santé environnementale et de la radioprotection, Direction générale de la santé environnementale et de la sécurité des consommateurs, Santé Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).
Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment (2010). Communication personnelle de S. Ferris, Municipal Branch, Regina, Saskatchewan, février.
Schaerdel, A.D., White, W.J., Lang, C.M., Dvorchik, B.H. et Bohner, K. (1983). Localized and systemic effects of environmental ammonia in rats. Lab. Anim. Sci., 33: 40-45.
Schilling, K.E. (2002). Occurrence and distribution of ammonium in Iowa groundwater. Water Environ. Res.,74(2): 177-186.
Schock, M.R. et Lytle, D.A. (2011). Chapitre 20 : Internal corrosion and deposition control. Dans : Water quality and treatment: a handbook of community water supplies. 6e édition. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Schulz, D. (2010). Minnesota ammonia study--Phase 2, case studies on impacts and management strategies. In: American Water Works Association Inorganic Contaminants Workshop, February 28 to March 2, 2010. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Shorney-Darby, H. et Harms, L. (2010). Chapitre 4 : Chlorination of potable water. Dans : White's handbook of chlorination and alternative disinfectants. 5ème édition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey.
Siljeg, M., Foglar, L. et Kukucka, M. (2010). The ground water ammonium sorption onto Croatian and Serbian clinoptilolite. J. Hazard. Mater., 178(1-3): 572-577.
Silverman, L., Whittenberger, J.L. et Luller, J. (1949) Physiological response of man to ammonia in low concentrations. J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol., 31(2): 74-78.
Skadsen, J. (1993). Nitrification in distribution system. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 85(7): 95-103.
Skadsen, J. et Cohen, K.Y. (2006). Chapitre 8 : Operational and treatment practices to prevent nitrification. Dans : Fundamentals and control of nitrification in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems. Manual of Water Supply Practices M56. 1ère édition. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Smith, C. (2006). Chapitre 7: Monitoring for nitrification prevention and control. Dans : Fundamentals and control of nitrification in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems. Manual of Water Supply Practices M56. 1ère édition. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Stabenau, J.R., Warren, K.S. et Rall, D.P. (1958). The role of pH gradient in the distribution of ammonia between blood and cerebrospinal fluid, brain and muscle. J. Clin. Invest., 38(2): 373-383.
Stembal, T., Markic, M., Ribicic, N., Briski F. et Sipos, L. (2005). Removal of ammonia, iron and manganese from groundwaters of northern Croatia--pilot plant study. Process Biochem., 40(1): 327-335.
Summerskill, W.H.J. et Wolpert, E. (1970). Ammonia metabolism in the gut. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 23(5): 633-639.
Takagaki, G., Berl, S., Clarke, D.D., Purpura, D.P. et Waelsch, H. (1961). Glutamic acid metabolism in brain and liver during infusion with ammonia labelled with nitrogen-15. Nature, 189: 326.
Taylor, J.S. et Wiesner, M. (1999). Chapitre 11 : Membranes. Dans : Water quality and treatment: a handbook of community water supplies. 5ème édition. McGraw-Hill, New York, New York.
Tekerlekopoulou, A.G. et Vayenas, D.V. (2007). Ammonia, iron and manganese removal from potable water using trickling filters. Desalination, 210(1-3): 225-235.
Tekerlekopoulou, A.G. et Vayenas, D.V. (2008). Simultaneous biological removal of ammonia, iron and manganese from potable water using a trickling filter. Biochem. Eng. J., 39(1): 215-220.
Tepper, J.S., Weiss, B. et Wood, R.W. (1985). Alterations in behavior produced by inhaled ozone or ammonia. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 5(6 Pt 1): 1110-1118.
Tian, J., Liang, H., Nan, J., Yang, Y., You, S. et Li, G. (2009). Submerged membrane bioreactor (sMBR) for the treatment of contaminated raw water. Chem. Eng. J., 148(2-3): 296-305.
Toth, B. (1972). Hydrazine, methylhydrazine and methylhydrazine sulfate carcinogenesis in Swiss mice. Failure of ammonium hydroxide to interfere in the development of tumors. Int. J. Cancer, 9(1): 109-118.
Tsujii, M., Kawano, S., Tsuji, S., Nagano, K., Sasaki, Y., Hayashi, N., Fusamoto, H. et Kamada, T. (1993). Cell kinetics of mucosal atrophy in rat stomach induced by long term administration of ammonia. Gastroenterology, 104(3): 796-801.
Tsujii, M., Kawano, S., Tsuji, S., Takei, Y., Tamura, K., Fusamoto, H. et Kamada, T. (1995). Mechanism for ammonia-induced promotion of gastric carcinogenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis, 16(3): 563-566.
Turan, M. et Celik, M.S. (2003). Regenerability of Turkish clinoptilolite for use in ammonia removal from drinking water. J. Water SRT - Aqua, 52(1): 59-66.
U.S. EPA (1983). Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (EPA 600/4-79/020).
U.S. EPA (1989). Summary review of health effects associated with ammonia. Health issue assessment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (EPA 600/8-89/052F).
U.S. EPA (1993). Methods for determination of inorganic substances in environmental samples. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio (EPA 600/R-93/100).
U.S. EPA (1999). Alternative disinfectants and oxidants: guidance manual. Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (EPA 815/R-99/014).
U.S. EPA (2000). Wastewater technology fact sheet. Ammonia stripping. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (EPA 832/F-00/019).
U.S. EPA (2002). Nitrification. Prepared for Standards and Risk Management Division, Office of Groundwater and Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Uzvölgyi, E. et Boján, F. (1980). Possible in vivo formation of a carcinogenic substance from diethyl pyrocarbonate and ammonia. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 97(2): 205-207.
Vassileva, P. et Voikova, D. (2009). Investigation on natural and pretreated Bulgarian clinoptilolite for ammonium ions removal from aqueous solutions. J. Hazard. Mater., 170(2-3): 948-953.
Vikesland, P., Ozekin, K. et Valentine, R. (2001). Monochloramine decay in model and distribution system waters. Water Res., 35(7): 1766-1776.
Vikesland, P., Love, N., Chandram, K., Fiss, M., Rebodos, R. et Zaklikowski, A. (2006). Seasonal chlorination practices and impacts to chloraminating utilities. American Water Works Research Foundation et American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Visek, W.J., Kolodny, G.M. et Gross, P.R. (1972). Ammonia effects in cultures of normal and transformed 3T3 cells. J. Cell Physiol., 80(3): 373-381.
Vitti, T.G., Vukmirovich, R. et Gaebler, O.H. (1964). Utilization of ammonia nitrogen, administered by intragastric, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes: effects of growth hormone. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 106: 475-482.
Vogelzang, F.P.J., van der Gulden, J.W.J., Preller, L., Tielen, M.J.M., van Shayck, C.P. et Folgering, H. (1997). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exposure in pig farmers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health, 70(5): 327-333.
Vogelzang, F.P.J., van der Gulden, J.W.J., Folgering, H., Heederik, D., Tielen, M.J.M. et van Shayck, C.P. (2000). Longitudinal changes in bronchial responsiveness associated with swine confinement dust exposure. Chest, 117(5): 1488-1495.
Wang, Y., Kmiya, Y. et Okuhara, T. (2007). Removal of low-concentration ammonia in water by ion-exchange using Na-mordenite. Water Res., 41(2): 269-276.
Warren, K.S. et Schenker, S. (1964). Effect of an inhibitor of glutamine synthesis (methionine sulfoximine) on ammonia toxicity and metabolism. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 64: 442-449.
Weast, R.C., Astle, M.J. et Beyer, W.H. (eds.) (1988). CRC handbook of chemistry and physics. 69e édition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Weatherley, L.R. et Miladinovic, N.D. (2004). Comparison of the ion exchange uptake of ammonium ion onto New Zealand clinoptilolite and mordenite. Water Res., 38(20): 4305-4312.
White, C., Lytle, D., DeBry, R. et Galloway, A. (2009). Design, evaluation and molecular microbial ecology of a pilot scale biologically active filter for ammonia oxidation. Dans : Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Water Quality Technology Conference, Seattle, Washington, November 15-19, 2009. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Wilczak, A. (2006a). Chapitre 2 : Nitrification in water and wastewater treatment. Dans : Fundamentals and control of nitrification in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems. Manual of Water Supply Practices M56. 1ère édition. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Wilczak, A. (2006b). Chapitre 4: Overview of causes and control of nitrification in water distribution systems. Dans: Fundamentals and control of nitrification in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems. Manual of Water Supply Practices M56. 1ère édition. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Wilczak, A., Jacangelo, J., Marcinko, J., Odell, L., Kirmeyer, G. et Wolf, R. (1996). Occurrence of nitrification in chloraminated distribution systems. J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 88(7): 74-85.
Wolfe, R., Lieu, N., Izaguirre, G. et Means, E. (1990). Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a chloraminated distribution system: seasonal occurrence, distribution and disinfection resistance. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 56(2): 451-462.
Woolschlager, J., Rittmann, B., Piriou, P. et Schawartz, B. (2001). Using a comprehensive model to identify the major mechanisms of chloramine decay in distribution systems. Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 1(4): 103-110.
Xia, W., Zhang, C., Zeng, X., Feng, Y., Weng, J., Lin, X., Zhu, J., Xiong, Z., Xu, J., Cai, Z. et Jia, Z. (2011). Autotrophic growth of nitrifying community in an agricultural soil. ISME J., 5(7): 1226-1236. Disponible à : www.nature.com/ismej
Yadav, J.S. et Kaushik, V.K. (1997). Genotoxic effect of ammonia exposure on workers in a fertilizer factory. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 35(5): 487-492.
Zehr, J.P. et Kudela, R.M. (2011). Nitrogen cycle of the open ocean: from genes to ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 3: 197-225.
Zhang, W. et DiGiano, F.A. (2002). Comparison of bacterial regrowth in distribution systems using free chlorine and chloramine: a statistical study of causative factors. Water Res.,36(6): 1469-1482.
Zhang, Y., Groiffin, A. et Edwards, M. (2008). Nitrification in premise plumbing: role of phosphate, pH, and pipe corrosion. Environ. Sci. Technol., 42(12): 4280-4284.
Zhang, Y., Groiffin, A., Rahman, M., Camper, A. et Edwards, M. (2009). Lead contamination of potable water due to nitrification. Environ. Sci. Technol., 43(6): 1890-1895.
Zhang, Y., Edwards, M., Pinto, A., Love, N., Camper, A., Rahman, M. et Baribeau, H. (2010). Effect of nitrification on corrosion in the distribution system. American Water Works Association Research Foundation et American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Zhu, E., Monks, V. et Song, R. (2010). Effectiveness of early application of sodium chlorite in nitrification prevention--A demonstration scale study. Dans: Proceedings of the American Water Works Association Water Quality Technology Conference, 17 novembre 2010. American Water Works Association, Denver, Colorado.
Détails de la page
- Date de modification :