Operation REASSURANCE

From: National Defence

Op REASSURANCE is currently the Canadian Armed Forces’ (CAF) largest overseas mission, through which the CAF contributes to NATO deterrence and defence measures in Central and Eastern Europe, and is part of the biggest reinforcement of Alliance collective defence in a generation.

Under Op REASSURANCE, the CAF has deployed a Maritime Task Force, which contributes ships to the Standing NATO Maritime Groups and other maritime operations/exercises; an Air Task Force, providing logistical support out of Prestwick; and a Land Task Force, including the NATO Multinational Brigade-Latvia (MNB-LVA), for which Canada is the Framework nation.

Update

Canada will complete the full implementation of persistently deployed Brigade capabilities to Latvia by 2026, at which point the Brigade will have up to 2,200 CAF members as part of the enhanced Forward Presence and supporting elements in Latvia.

How many people are deployed?

Approximately 1,900 CAF members are deployed throughout the year in support of Op REASSURANCE, making it Canada’s largest current international military operation.

What are they doing?

Sea

Maritime Task Force

In 2025, multiple maritime deployments will support the Op REASSURANCE mandate.

HMCS Montreal will be deploying from April to June on Exercise FORMIDABLE SHIELD, an Allied joint live-fire integrated Air and Missile Defence exercise.
HMCS Edmonton and Yellowknife will be deploying from July to October to NATO Standing Mine Countermeasure Group 1 (SNMCMG1), identifying and disposing of sea mines in European waters from prior conflicts while also providing NATO with a maritime patrol capability.
HMCS St. John’s will deploy to Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 (SNMG2) from July to December. SNMG2 is NATO’s standing maritime immediate reaction force, which offers NATO an immediate operational response capability. Last year, from July to December, HMCS Charlottetown deployed to this same maritime group as the Command Ship.
Periodically through 2025, from April through October, the CAF will send personnel to assist in the Black Sea Mine Countermeasure activity based out of Romania, identifying and disposing of sea mines that have drifted Westward to the shores of NATO nations.

Land

NATO Multinational Battlegroup Latvia

The CAF has approximately 1,600 members in Latvia under Op REASSURANCE, which includes the NATO Multinational Brigade – Latvia (MNB-LVA), Task Force Latvia (TFL), as well as personnel at NATO’s Multinational Division – North (MND-N) Headquarters.

Based out of Camp Adazi, the Canada-led Brigade in Latvia is part of the largest reinforcement of NATO collective defence in a generation.

The Canada-led Brigade includes the Canada-led NATO Multinational Battle Group – Latvia (MNBG-LVA), which includes artillery, mechanized infantry, combat support, combat service support, and electronic warfare components that conduct joint training to respond to any potential attack and demonstrate a unified front against adversaries. Previously, this Battle Group and other specialist enablers were fully integrated into the Latvian National Armed Forces (LNAF) Mechanized Infantry Brigade (MIB). On October 17, 2024, the MNBG-LVA officially transferred out from the LNAF MIB and came under the authority of the Canada-led MNB-LVA. This powerful, combat capable force provides a strong deterrent presence in Latvia against any adversary and is prepared to defend Alliance territory if necessary.

Canada, as the Framework Nation for the MNB-LVA, is responsible for supporting Canadian and NATO military objectives at the operational level through TFL; coordinating with Latvian military authorities; and improving the integration of Canadian personnel and assets with NATO Allies in Latvia and the wider region. These efforts are further supported by NATO’s MND-N Headquarters, to which the CAF contributes a general officer as well as staff officers. MND-N supports the defence planning of Baltic nations, the coordination of regional military activities within the MNB-LVA forces region, and other high-level activities.

This Brigade comprises personnel from over one third of all NATO nations, including:

Albania
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Montenegro
North Macedonia
Poland
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden

Air

Air Task Force – Prestwick

On September 15, 2022, Air Task Force Prestwick (ATF-P) was created to expand the tactical airlift detachment that previously supported Op REASSURANCE.

ATF-P is the main transport hub via which the CAF sustains various operations across the world, including NATO deterrence and defence measures. In addition to its missions in support of Ukraine, ATF-P supports CAF deployments in Central and Eastern Europe (Op REASSURANCE), the Middle East (Op IMPACT), and Africa (Op PRESENCE), and supports observation flights under the Open Skies Treaty.

To ensure capacity and operational flexibility, ATF-P operates three CC-130J Hercules aircrafts and employs support personnel responsible for maintenance, cargo movements and administration. ATF-P is made up of approximately 60 CAF members with further augmentation based on operational tempo.

History and context of the operation

NATO agreed upon and began to enact a series of military measures on April 16, 2014 based on the principles of defence, deterrence and de-escalation meant to reinforce NATO’s collective defence and demonstrate the strength of allied solidarity.

The CAF offered assets and members to NATO on April 17, 2014.

Timeline of key events

Date	Description
February 7, 2025	Sweden officially joined the Canada-led Multinational Brigade – Latvia in a transfer of authorities ceremony at Camp Valdermar in Latvia, making it the 14th nation in the Brigade.
November 14, 2024	Exercise RESOLUTE WARRIOR 2024 was conducted from November 1 to 14, 2024 across Central and Northern Latvia. This marked a major milestone for the Canadian-led NATO Multinational Brigade Latvia (MNB-LVA): the first major exercise as a complete brigade. The Canadian-led MNB-LVA involves personnel from 13 member states, highlighting Canada’s and the Alliance’s commitment to NATO’s core principle of collective defence.
October 17, 2024	NATO Multinational Battlegroup Latvia joined NATO Multinational Brigade Latvia in a Transfer of Authority ceremony.
July, 2023	The Latvian Minister of Defence and the Canadian Minister of National Defence signed a Roadmap for scaling the battlegroup to a brigade.
January, 2023	Canada deployed the Forward Command Element to Latvia to prepare for integration of a Canadian-led Brigade Headquarters into MND-N and the future arrival of Brigade capabilities and troops. In 2023, Canada bolstered its presence in Latvia by deploying a Canadian Army Tank Squadron of 15 Leopard 2 battle tanks and personnel.
June 29, 2022	Canada signed a joint declaration with Latvia to augment NATO’s enhanced Forward Presence in Latvia. Going forward, Canada will: continue to lead NATO forces as the Framework Nation in Latvia; work with Latvia and NATO Allies to generate and stage forces in order to surge to a combat capable brigade; establish and lead elements of a forward brigade command and control; and be prepared to provide critical capabilities to operations, such as ammunition and explosives, air defense systems, and anti-tank weapons systems.
March 8, 2022	Canada announced the multi-year renewal of Op REASSURANCE. This announcement was a year ahead of schedule and responded to the changing security situation in Eastern Europe.
February 22, 2022	Canada announced that a battery of M777 artillery guns with forward observers, and an electronic warfare troop, consisting of approximately 155 soldiers, would be added to the Latvian battlegroup.
June 28, 2021	The CAF opened the new multi-national headquarters building, adjacent to the Latvian National Armed Forces Joint Headquarters. This building currently houses Task Force Latvia Headquarters and leadership of the other allied nations that contribute personnel to the NATO MNB-LVA.
July 10, 2018	Canada announced the renewal of Canada’s contribution until March 2023, which included increasing the number of members deployed to Latvia from 455 to 540.
August 17, 2017	The Land Task Force in Poland completed its final deployment.
June 19, 2017	Canadian-led Multinational Battlegroup in Latvia was stood up.
May 13, 2014	The CAF sent a Maritime Task Force of one frigate to Central and Eastern Europe.
May 3, 2014	The CAF sent a Land Task Force to Central and Eastern Europe, based in Poland.
April 29, 2014	The CAF sent its first CF-188 Hornet Air Task Force to Europe. Since then, the CAF had periodically sent air task forces to Central and Eastern Europe.

Past Deployments

CAF members have continuously supported NATO deterrence and defence measures since 2014.

To date, 14 different ships have contributed to this operation since 2014.
From April 16 to July 31, 2022, the CAF assisted the Polish Territorial Defence Force with managing the flow of refugees fleeing the Russian invasion of Ukraine. CAF elements also took part in interoperability training with their Polish counterparts.
From May 2014 to August 2017, over 1,000 soldiers deployed in eight rotations to Europe as part of Land Task Force – Poland. Based at Drawsko Pomosrkie Training Area, they regularly took part in exercises with allies and partners.
The CAF has sent an air task force to three different countries: Romania (in 2014 and from 2017-21), Iceland (2017), and Lithuania (2014).