Language selection

Government of Canada / Gouvernement du Canada

Search

Employment Equity Act: Annual report 2018

On this page

Alternate format

Employment Equity Act: Annual Report 2018
[PDF - 2.08 MB]

Large print, braille, MP3 (audio), e-text and DAISY formats are available on demand by ordering online or calling 1 800 O-Canada (1-800-622-6232). If you use a teletypewriter (TTY), call 1-800-926-9105.

Message from the Minister

2018

The Government of Canada believes that Canada’s strength lies in its diversity. Creating equitable, diverse and inclusive workplaces will help grow our middle class and build a country where every Canadian has a real and fair chance to succeed and contribute to our economy and to succeed.

As the Minister responsible for Labour, I present the Employment Equity Act: Annual Report 2018. The report demonstrates the ongoing efforts of employers in the federally regulated private sector to ensure equity in workplaces across the country for the four groups designated under the Employment Equity Act—women, Indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities. Highlights show that the representation of women, Indigenous peoples and members of visible minorities have increased in senior management positions. In addition, women approached parity and members of visible minorities exceeded labour market availability in senior management positions.

We know that increasing representation of these in the workplace is great for business and the economy. In support of employers’ efforts, we took action by introducing proactive pay equity legislation that will ensure that women and men in federally regulated workplaces receive equal pay for work of equal value. We also introduced legislation to bring federal labour standards into the 21st century. Modern labour standards will better protect Canadian workers and help set the stage for good-quality jobs. Both of these important pieces of legislation received Royal Assent on December 13, 2018.

We are also addressing the wage gaps that affect women, Indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities through pay transparency measures which will help to highlight those employers who model equitable pay practices. Through Bill C-65, which also received Royal Assent, we amended the Canada Labour Code to better prevent and address workplace harassment and violence. While no one is immune, women and other under‑represented groups are more likely than others to experience these behaviours, which can act as a barrier to their equal participation in the workforce. Needless to say, 2018 has been a year full of accomplishments.

I encourage employers in the federal jurisdiction and all other employers to continue their efforts in creating equitable, inclusive and respectful workplaces that better represent Canadians. I do believe that we—the Government of Canada, employers, workers and the labour movement—can do this together.

The Honourable Patty A. Hajdu, P.C., M.P.

Minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Labour

Introduction

The purpose of the Act is to achieve equality in the workplace so that no person shall be denied employment opportunities or benefits for reasons unrelated to ability. In the fulfilment of that goal, the Act seeks to correct the conditions of disadvantage in employment experienced by women, Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities.

The Act gives effect to the principle that employment equity means more than treating persons in the same way but also requires special measures and the accommodation of differences.

Under the Employment Equity Act (the Act), the Minister responsible for Labour is mandated to submit an annual report to Parliament on the status of employment equity in the federally regulated private sectorFootnote 1. This document consolidates and highlights the statistical results achieved by employers subject to the Legislated Employment Equity ProgramFootnote 2 during the 2017 calendar year for the four designated groups: women, Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities. While qualitative data from employers is not consolidated in this report, it is used in program and policy development to support employers in achieving employment equity.

Data from 2016 is included throughout the report to allow for year-to-year comparisons.

Federally regulated private sectors

Employers are organized by sector, based on the classification of the majority of their workforce using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The federally regulated private-sector workforce comprises four sectors:

About the data

Employment equity encourages the establishment of working conditions that are free of barriers, corrects the conditions of disadvantage in employment and promotes the principle that equality requires special measures and the accommodation of differences.

The most common quantitative measure of employment equity is the extent to which the representation of members of designated groups in the employers’ workforce meets their representation in the Canadian workforce. The representation of each of the four designated groups is compared to their availability in the Canadian labour market—referred to as labour market availability (LMA). A workforce is considered fully representative when the representation of designated group members is equal to their LMA.

The extent to which the representation of a particular designated group approaches, meets or surpasses LMA is referred to as the attainment rate of LMA. This indicator allows for the identification of gaps between the representation of a particular designated group and its LMA. For example, if a designated group’s representation is below the LMA, the attainment rate of LMA will be less than 100% and further analysis may be required to understand if barriers to employment exist and where appropriate measures would need to be implemented.

Progress has been made when the gap between a designated group’s representation and LMA narrows (in other words the attainment rate approaches 100%) or when a group’s representation equals or exceeds LMA (in other words the attainment rate equals or surpasses 100%).

Other quantitative indicators of equality include salary ranges, as well as shares of hires, promotions and terminations. This report provides details on each of these indicators for the four designated groups.

The current LMA data for women, Aboriginal peoples and members of visible minorities is obtained from Statistics Canada’s 2011 National Household Survey. Data for persons with disabilities is obtained from the 2012 Canadian survey on disability, also conducted by Statistics Canada. Additional information regarding data used for employment equity purposes can be found in Appendix B.

Representation is the share of designated groups in a given labour force (for example the entire federally regulated private-sector workforce, the banking and financial services sector or an individual bank).

Labour market availability refers to the share of designated group members in the workforce from which the employers could hire.

Attainment rate of labour market availability refers to the extent to which representation approaches, meets or exceeds labour market availability by dividing the representation rate by the LMA rate.

Section 1 – The federally regulated private sector

Overview

For the 2017 calendar year, 561 employers submitted a report to the Minister responsible for Labour. Together, these employers had a total of 740,420 employees across Canada, which represents approximately 3.8%Footnote 3 of the Canadian workforce. Of these submissions, 99 were from employers that reported for the first time and were only required to include statistical reports by gender (in other words no data was required to be included on Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities), comprising 20,123 employees.

Table 1A provides the data submitted from the 462 employers with a total of 720,297 employees that did not report for the first time. It excludes the 99 employers that reported for the first time, since they were not required to submit complete statistics on all four designated groups. It indicates that the representation of women decreased, while that of Aboriginal peoples and of persons with disabilities remained the same between 2016 and 2017. Members of visible minorities made progress, increasing their overall representation by 0.7 of a percentage point. This designated group was the only one whose representation continued to surpass Canadian LMA, with an overall attainment rate of LMA increasing from 124.7% in 2016 to 128.2% in 2017.

Table 1A: Designated group representation and attainment rate of Canadian LMA* for the federally regulated private sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Federally regulated private sector (Overall) 462 employers in 2017
Women Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
2016 Representation 40.7 2.3 3.3 22.2
2017 Representation 40.2 2.3 3.3 22.8
Change in representation** -0.6 0.0 0.0 +0.7
2016 Attainment rate of Canadian LMA 84.4 65.7 67.3 124.7
2017 Attainment rate of Canadian LMA 83.3 66.1 67.6 128.2
Canadian LMA 48.2 3.5 4.9 17.8

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the representation rates due to rounding.

Table 1B shows the results from all 561 employers that submitted reports this year, including the 99 employers that reported for the first time and were only required to submit statistical reports by gender. Based on the overall submitted data, the representation of women decreased by 0.9 of a percentage point with an attainment rate of Canadian LMA decreasing from 84.4% in 2016 to 82.5% in 2017. Table 1B: Representation and attainment rate of Canadian LMA* of women in the federally regulated private sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)

Table 1B: Representation and attainment rate of Canadian LMA* of women in the federally regulated private sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Federally regulated private sector (Overall) 561 employers in 2017
Women
2016 Representation 40.7
2017 Representation 39.8
Change in representation** -0.9
2016 Attainment rate of Canadian LMA 84.4
2017 Attainment rate of Canadian LMA 82.5
Canadian LMA 48.2

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the representation rates due to rounding.

From this point forward, this annual report will only include information on the 462 employers that did not report for the first time (in other words exclude the 99 employers who reported for the first time). Next year, these new employers will be expected to submit their workforce data on all four designated groups and their results will be included in the 2019 annual report.

Chart 1 provides an overview of the extent to which representation approaches, meets or exceeds LMA for the four designated groups covered by the Act. The chart shows that Aboriginal peoples and persons with disabilities have made progress towards LMA since 1987, when employers started reporting under the Act, and members of visible minorities have surpassed LMA since 2007.

The attainment rate of Canadian LMA for women has been declining since reaching its highest attainment rate in 1990 (99.4%), and 2017 marked the lowest attainment rate of Canadian LMA (83.3%) for women. The attainment rate of Canadian LMA for Aboriginal peoples has been stable since 1997 and remains the lowest of all four designated groups in the past two years reaching 66.1% in 2017. The attainment rate of Canadian LMA for persons with disabilities has more than doubled since 1987, but only reached 67.6% in 2017. The only group whose representation has continued to surpass LMA is members of visible minorities, making additional progress from 2016 (124.7%) to 2017 (128.2%).

Chart 1: Designated group attainment rate of Canadian LMA* from 1987 to 2017 (%)

Source: * Statistics Canada, 1986 to 2006 Census; 1986 and 1991 Health and Activity Limitation Survey; 2001 andp 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey; 2011 National Household Survey; and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.

Show data table
Year Women Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
1987 93.0 31.4 29.4 79.3
1988 95.3 34.0 31.2 90.0
1989 96.6 37.7 43.3 105.9
1990 99.4 40.6 44.3 112.5
1991 96.3 32.1 38.6 83.1
1992 97.3 33.7 39.1 86.9
1993 99.1 34.8 39.5 88.5
1994 96.7 36.7 40.4 90.4
1995 96.9 39.1 42.0 97.1
1996 96.6 57.9 40.9 89.3
1997 96.0 61.3 35.6 93.9
1998 95.2 62.7 34.8 95.7
1999 96.1 69.4 36.8 101.2
2000 94.3 70.3 35.7 103.6
2001 94.8 59.8 43.2 92.6
2002 93.9 63.9 44.3 97.0
2003 93.0 63.6 43.8 101.0
2004 91.8 64.7 48.0 105.5
2005 91.5 67.8 50.9 111.6
2006 89.9 57.1 54.5 97.5
2007 89.2 61.2 55.0 103.8
2008 88.9 60.5 54.3 108.3
2009 88.2 60.8 54.2 111.9
2010 87.0 62.7 53.1 116.1
2011 85.5 56.4 52.2 102.1
2012 84.9 58.4 53.5 104.7
2013 86.2 60.7 55.4 110.0
2014 85.8 60.9 56.6 114.7
2015 85.1 63.1 60.4 119.0
2016 84.5 65.1 67.0 124.4
2017 83.3 66.1 67.6 128.2

Note: In 1996, the Census methodology for calculating LMA of Aboriginal peoples changed, causing a drop in LMA. In 2001, Statistics Canada began using the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework to define disability rather than the 1980 International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps; this resulted in a drop in LMA for persons with disabilities.

Table 2 shows that women in permanent full-time positions in the federally regulated private sector were more likely to make salaries below $50,000 than men or any other groups of employees whether or not they belonged to any of the other three designated groups.

Table 2A: Salaries by designated group of federally regulated private-sector employees in permanent full-time employment as of December 31, 2017 (%)
Salary Range Women Men Aboriginal peoples  Non-aboriginal peoples
Cumulative* Cumulative* Cumulative* Cumulative*
Under $15,000 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.4
$15,000 - $19,999 0.4 0.6 1.2 0.5
$20,000 - $24,999 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.0
$25,000 - $29,999 3.3 2.2 4.2 2.6
$30,000 - $34,999 7.4 4.5 8.3 5.5
$35,000 - $39,999 14.2 8.5 14.1 10.6
$40,000 - $44,999 23.0 14.4 20.7 17.6
$45,000 - $49,999 32.0 20.4 27.6 24.7
$50,000 - $59,999 51.0 35.3 44.5 41.2
$60,000 - $69,999 64.7 50.1 59.2 55.6
$70,000 - $84,999 77.2 66.1 74.1 70.2
$85,000 - $99,999 85.6 76.5 83.4 79.9
$100,000 and over 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Table 2B: Salaries by designated group of federally regulated private-sector employees in permanent full-time employment as of December 31, 2017 (%)
Salary range Persons with disabilities Persons without disabilities Members of visible minorities Non-visible minority members
Cumulative* Cumulative* Cumulative* Cumulative*
Under $15,000 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4
$15,000 - $19,999 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6
$20,000 - $24,999 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.1
$25,000 - $29,999 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.6
$30,000 - $34,999 5.9 5.5 6.1 5.4
$35,000 - $39,999 12.4 10.6 12.0 10.3
$40,000 - $44,999 20.1 17.6 20.0 16.9
$45,000 - $49,999 27.6 24.7 28.0 23.8
$50,000 - $59,999 45.8 41.1 44.4 40.3
$60,000 - $69,999 59.7 55.5 57.9 55.0
$70,000 - $84,999 74.5 70.1 72.1 69.7
$85,000 - $99,999 83.5 79.8 82.2 79.3
$100,000 and over 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Source: * Each figure in the Cumulative % columns represents the cumulative total percentage of each designated group in the identified salary range or lower.

Federally regulated private sectors

This section provides an analysis of the composition of the federally regulated private sector by each of the sectors that comprise it.

Table 3 shows that overall, the number of employers decreased by -3.1% and the number of employees remained stable between 2016 and 2017. The banking and financial services sector continued to account for less than 10% of employers in the federally regulated private sector but employed about a third of all federally regulated private-sector employees. Communications was the third largest sector, comprising 11.3% of employers and 18.4% of employees in the federally regulated private sector. While the transportation sector continued to have the largest number of employers and of employees, with a majority of this workforce operating in the ground transportation subsector, the air transportation subsector experienced the highest increase in the number of employees (+3.9%). The ‘other’ sector saw a decrease in the number of employers and of employees by -1.6% and -0.9% respectively, but there was an increase in the number of employees (+2.0%) in the service industries subsector.

Table 3: Federally regulated private-sector employers and employees in 2016 and 2017
Sectors Employers* Employees
2016 2017 Change (%) 2016 2017 Change (%)
# % # % # % # %
Banking and financial Services 36 7.5 36 7.8 0.0 237,225 32.9 237,016 32.9 -0.1
Communications 53 11.1 52 11.3 -1.9 133,492 18.5 132,890 18.4 -0.5
Transportation 326 68.3 313 67.7 -4.0 293,113 40.7 294,612 40.9 +0.5
Air transportation 84 25.8 84 26.8 0.0 83,751 28.6 86,987 29.5 +3.9
Ground transportation 207 63.5 194 62.0 -6.3 191,601 65.4 190,024 64.5 -0.8
Water transportation 35 10.7 35 11.2 0.0 17,761 6.1 17,601 6.0 -0.9
'Other' 62 13.0 61 13.2 -1.6 56,262 7.8 55,779 7.7 -0.9
Production industries 28 45.2 27 44.3 -3.6 30,229 53.7 29,237 52.4 -3.3
Service industries 34 54.8 34 55.7 0.0 26,033 46.3 26,542 47.6 +2.0
All sectors 477   462   -3.1 720,092   720,297   0.0

Source: * The number of employers in the federally regulated private sector can change from year to year as a result of mergers, acquisitions, closures, start-ups or organizations fluctuating above or below the 100-employee threshold.

Table 4A shows that in the banking and financial services sector between 2016 and 2017, the representation of women decreased and the representation of members of visible minorities increased, but both designated groups’ representation continued to surpass Canadian LMA. The representation of Aboriginal peoples decreased to 1.2% and remained below the Canadian LMA (3.5%). The representation of persons with disabilities and of members of visible minorities both continued to surpass sector LMA, with an attainment rate above 100%.

Table 4A: Representation and attainment rate of Canadian and sector LMA* of designated group members in the banking and financial services sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Banking and financial services sector Women Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
2016 representation 58.8 1.3 4.5 31.3
2017 representation 57.7 1.2 4.5 31.6
Change in representation** -1.1 0.0 0.0 +0.3
2016 Attainment rate of sector LMA 95.0 81.3 136.4 118.1
2017 Attainment rate of sector LMA 93.2 76.4 136.2 119.1
Banking and financial services sector LMA 61.9 1.6 3.3 26.5
2016 Attainment rate of Canadian LMA 122.0 37.1 91.8 175.8
2017 Attainment rate of Canadian LMA 119.7 34.9 91.7 177.3
Canadian LMA 48.2 3.5 4.9 17.8

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the representation rates due to rounding.

Table 4B indicates that in the communications sector between 2016 and 2017, the representation of members of visible minorities continued to surpass both the Canadian and the sector LMA, with an attainment rate above 100%. Overall, the representation of the other three designated groups remained stable and was below both Canadian and sector LMA in 2017.

Table 4B: Representation and attainment rate of Canadian and sector LMA* of designated group members in the communications sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Communications sector Women Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
2016 representation 35.7 2.3 3.4 22.6
2017 representation 35.2 2.2 3.5 23.2
Change in representation ** -0.5 0.0 +0.1 +0.5
2016 attainment rate of sector LMA 79.3 100.0 66.7 163.8
2017 attainment rate of sector LMA 78.2 96.2 69.1 167.8
Communications sector LMA 45.0 2.3 5.1 13.8
2016 attainment rate of Canadian LMA 74.1 65.7 69.4 127.0
2017 attainment rate of Canadian LMA 73.0 63.2 71.9 130.1
Canadian LMA 48.2 3.5 4.9 17.8

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the representation rates due to rounding.

Table 4C indicates that in the transportation sector, representation remained stable from 2016 to 2017. While none of the designated groups reached or surpassed Canadian LMA, the representation of women continued to exceed sector LMA with an attainment rate of over 100%. The representation of persons with disabilities remained low in 2017 compared to both sector and Canadian LMA.

Table 4C: Representation and attainment rate of Canadian and sector LMA* of designated group members in the transportation sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Transportation sector Women Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
2016 representation 30.7 2.8 2.5 16.0
2017 representation 30.4 2.9 2.5 17.0
Change in representation ** -0.3 +0.2 0.0 +1.0
2016 attainment rate of transportation sector LMA 119.5 84.8 42.4 82.1
2017 attainment rate of transportation sector LMA 118.2 88.3 42.2 87.4
Transportation sector LMA 25.7 3.3 5.9 19.5
2016 attainment rate of Canadian LMA 63.7 80.0 51.0 89.9
2017 attainment rate of Canadian LMA 63.0 83.3 50.8 95.7
Canadian LMA 48.2 3.5 4.9 17.8

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the representation rates due to rounding.

Table 4D indicates that the representation of women increased in the air and the water transportation subsectors but decreased in the ground transportation subsector. Women’s representation continued to surpass the transportation sector LMA in the air and the ground transportation subsectors but remained below the transportation sector LMA in the water transportation subsector. The representation of Aboriginal peoples continued to surpass the transportation sector LMA in the water transportation subsector. The representation of persons with disabilities remained well below LMA across all subsectors, with the highest level of attainment reaching 48.8% in the ground transportation subsector in 2017. The representation of members of visible minorities remained below the transportation sector LMA across the three subsectors but remained closest to full LMA attainment in the air transportation subsector.

Table 4D: Representation and attainment rate of sector LMA* of designated group members in the subsectors of the transportation sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Transportation Subsectors Women Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
Air transportation subsector
2016 representation 38.0 2.9 1.8 17.9
2017 representation 38.6 2.9 1.6 18.9
Change in representation ** +0.6 +0.1 -0.2 +1.0
2016 attainment rate of transportation sector LMA 147.9 87.9 30.5 91.8
2017 attainment rate of transportation sector LMA 150.2 88.8 27.7 97.0
Ground transportation subsector
2016 representation 28.9 2.6 2.7 15.4
2017 representation 27.9 2.8 2.9 16.4
Change in representation ** -0.9 +0.2 +0.2 +1.0
2016 attainment rate of transportation sector LMA 112.5 78.8 45.8 79.0
2017 attainment rate of transportation sector LMA 108.7 83.8 48.8 84.3
Water transportation subsector
2016 representation 15.7 3.9 2.6 13.8
2017 representation 16.0 4.5 2.5 14.2
Change in representation ** +0.3 +0.5 -0.1 +0.4
2016 attainment rate of transportation sector LMA 61.1 118.2 44.1 70.8
2017 attainment rate of transportation sector LMA 62.3 135.2 42.4 72.9
Transportation sector LMA 25.7 3.3 5.9 19.5

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the representation rates due to rounding.

Table 4E shows that in the ‘other’ sector, the representation of Aboriginal peoples decreased (-0.1%) but remained above Canadian LMA, the only designated group for whom this is the case, with an attainment rate of 114.9% in 2017. When compared to sector LMA, the representation of members of visible minorities continued to exceed the LMA in 2017, with an attainment rate of 111.7%.

Table 4E: Representation and attainment rate of Canadian and sector LMA* of designated group members in the 'Other' sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
'Other' sector Women Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
2016 representation 28.9 4.1 2.1 14.4
2017 representation 29.3 4.0 2.1 15.4
Change in representation ** +0.5 -0.1 0.0 +1.0
2016 attainment rate of 'Other' sector LMA 81.9 95.3 55.3 104.3
2017 attainment rate of 'Other' sector LMA 83.1 93.6 56.5 111.7
'Other' sector LMA 35.3 4.3 3.8 13.8
2016 attainment rate of Canadian LMA 60.0 117.1 42.9 80.9
2017 attainment rate of Canadian LMA 60.9 114.9 43.8 86.6
Canadian LMA 48.2 3.5 4.9 17.8

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the representation rates due to rounding.

Table 4F shows that the representation of women and members of visible minorities continued to exceed the sector LMA in the service industries subsector. The representation of Aboriginal peoples also continued to surpass the sector LMA in the production industries subsector. The attainment rate of sector LMA was the lowest for persons with disabilities across both subsectors of the ‘other’ sector in 2016 and 2017.

Table 4F: Representation and attainment rate of sector LMA* of designated group members in the subsectors of the 'Other' sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
'Other' sector subsectors Women Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
Production industries
2016 representation 23.1 5.3 2.3 11.6
2017 representation 22.9 5.2 2.4 12.2
Change in representation ** -0.3 -0.1 +0.1 +0.6
2016 attainment rate of 'Other' sector LMA 65.4 123.3 60.5 84.1
2017 attainment rate of 'Other' sector LMA 64.8 120.9 64.2 88.4
Service industries
2016 representation 35.6 2.8 1.9 17.7
2017 representation 36.5 2.7 1.8 18.9
Change in representation ** +0.9 -0.1 -0.1 +1.2
2016 attainment rate of 'Other' sector LMA 100.8 65.1 50.0 128.3
2017 attainment rate of 'Other' sector LMA 103.3 63.4 48.1 137.3
 'Other' sector LMA 35.3 4.3 3.8 13.8

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the representation rates due to rounding. Additional data on the representation, hires, promotions and terminations of employees by designated group and sector is provided in Appendix A.

Section 2 – Designated groups profiles

Women

The representation of women in the federally regulated private sector decreased from 40.7% in 2016 to 40.2% in 2017. In the banking and financial services sector and the communications sector, where the majority of women were employed (63.4%) in 2017, more women continued to leave than enter the workforce. Since 2013, this trend has affected and led to the decline in the representation of women at the overall level.

The decrease in representation of women in the federally regulated private sector follows a similar downward trend in the overall representation of employed women in Canada. Based on Statistics Canada’s Labour force characteristics from 2016 to 2017, the representation of women aged 15 years and over who were employed across the country remained at 47.7%, but decreased in certain industries which might fall under federal jurisdiction such as wholesale trade; transportation and warehousing; finance and insurance; and mining, quarrying and oil and gas extractionFootnote 4.

Progress was observed for women in some areas in the federally regulated private sector. For instance, the representation of women in the Senior managers occupational group increased between 2016 and 2017, almost reaching full representation with an attainment rate of 99.6%. During the same time period, although the representation of women in the Middle and other managers occupational group decreased, it continued to surpass LMA at a 107.8% attainment rate.

Chart 2 shows that since 1987, the representation of women increased and peaked in 1993; however, it has been on a mostly downward trend since the early 2000s. The representation of women in 2017 (40.2%) was 0.7 of a percentage point below what it was in 1987 (40.9%).

Chart 2: Representation and Canadian LMA* of women in the federally regulated private sector, 1987 to 2016 (%)

Source: * Statistics Canada, 1986 to 2006 Census and 2011 National Household Survey.

Show data table
Year All employees Women
Total Representation Availability
# % %
1987 595,417 243,744 40.9 44.0
1988 613,688 257,417 41.9 44.0
1989 631,015 268,340 42.5 44.0
1990 631,423 276,161 43.7 44.0
1991 615,135 271,927 44.2 45.9
1992 602,265 269,089 44.7 45.9
1993 582,363 264,804 45.5 45.9
1994 599,311 265,950 44.4 45.9
1995 588,047 261,437 44.5 45.9
1996 571,883 256,250 44.8 46.4
1997 571,138 254,325 44.5 46.4
1998 589,218 260,204 44.2 46.4
1999 588,759 262,629 44.6 46.4
2000 600,220 262,602 43.8 46.4
2001 634,759 284,720 44.9 47.3
2002 629,916 279,817 44.4 47.3
2003 621,457 273,496 44.0 47.3
2004 651,048 282,747 43.4 47.3
2005 672,652 291,198 43.3 47.3
2006 698,210 300,747 43.1 47.9
2007 733,789 313,385 42.7 47.9
2008 744,011 316,937 42.6 47.9
2009 743,837 314,430 42.3 47.9
2010 755,966 315,109 41.7 47.9
2011 768,547 316,755 41.2 48.2
2012 772,480 315,930 40.9 48.2
2013 738,053 306,763 41.6 48.2
2014 740,740 306,397 41.4 48.2
2015 730,485 299,789 41.0 48.2
2016 720,092 293,262 40.7 48.2
2017 720,297 289,327 40,2 48,2

Chart 3 illustrates that the attainment rate of Canadian LMA of women is particularly low for the following two occupational groups: Semi-professionals and technicians and other manual workers. However, the LMA attainment rates of women in management categories approached or exceeded the overall Canadian LMA (Senior managers, middle and other managers and Supervisors). Of all occupational groups, the attainment rate is highest for women in the Skilled crafts and trades workers group.

Chart 3: Attainment rate of Canadian LMA* of women by occupational group in the federally regulated private sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)

Source: * Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey.

Show data table
Occupational group Women
Representation Availability* Change Attainment rate of Canadian LMA
2016 2017 2011 2016 2017
Senior managers 26.4 27.3 27.4 0.9 96.4 99.6
Middle and other managers 42.1 42.0 38.9 -0.1 108.2 107.8
Professionals 44.6 44.5 55.0 -0.1 81.1 80.9
Semi-professionals and technicians 19.0 19.2 52.0 0.2 36.5 37.0
Supervisors 60.6 58.8 56.5 -1.7 107.3 104.1
Supervisors: crafts and trades 8.5 8.3 11.2 -0.2 75.9 73.7
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 76.9 76.4 82.6 -0.5 93.1 92.5
Skilled sales and service personnel 53.1 53.9 49.9 0.8 106.4 107.9
Skilled crafts and trades workers 4.7 4.7 3.9 0.1 120.5 121.6
Clerical personnel 57.5 56.4 68.4 -1.2 84.1 82.4
Intermediate sales and service personnel 63.2 62.5 66.8 -0.6 94.6 93.6
Semi-skilled manual workers 13.3 11.2 17.9 -2.1 74.3 62.5
Other sales and service personnel 41.9 41.1 57.5 -0.8 72.9 71.6
Other manual workers 11.2 9.5 22.7 -1.8 49.3 41.6
Total 26.4 27.3 27.4 0.9 96.4 99.6

Table 5 provides a more in-depth analysis of women’s occupational group representation as compared to their respective sector LMA. The representation of women in the Senior managers occupational group continued to surpass sector occupational LMA in all four sectors, the only occupational group for which this is the case.

Table 5A: Attainment rate of sector LMA* of women in the federally regulated private sector by occupational group and sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Occupational group Banking and financial services Communications
Attainment rate of sector LMA Change ** Attainment rate of sector LMA Change **
2016 2017 2016 2017
Senior managers 113.3 117.1 +3.8 110.2 108.5 -1.7
Middle and other managers 89.7 88.8 -0.9 92.1 92.1 0.0
Professionals 107.1 106.2 -0.9 85.6 85.6 0.0
Semi-professionals and technicians 88.2 92.5 +4.3 82.8 84.0 +1.2
Supervisors 96.3 93.6 -2.7 75.0 72.5 -2.6
Supervisors: crafts and trades 41.7 123.3 +81.6 54.7 52.2 -2.5
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 99.7 99.6 -0.1 99.5 98.3 -1.2
Skilled sales and service personnel 97.8 97.4 -0.4 82.1 81.3 -0.8
Skilled crafts and trades workers 91.7 84.9 -6.8 65.9 63.7 -2.2
Clerical personnel 86.9 87.6 +0.7 87.4 86.2 -1.2
Intermediate sales and service personnel 96.4 94.4 -2.0 87.0 85.3 -1.7
Semi-skilled manual workers 106.8 108.7 +1.9 108.4 107.5 -0.9
Other sales and service personnel 42.4 40.7 -1.7 107.2 112.7 +5.5
Other manual workers 80.4 80.4 0.0 274.0 228.6 -45.4

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the attainment rates due to rounding.

Table 5B: Attainment rate of sector LMA* of women in the federally regulated private sector by occupational group and sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Occupational group Transportation  'Other'
Attainment rate of sector LMA Change ** Attainment rate of sector LMA Change **
2016 2017 2016 2017
Senior managers 109.9 117.1 +7.2 105.4 104.9 -0.5
Middle and other managers 106.4 109.3 +2.8 85.5 89.0 +3.6
Professionals 104.2 104.1 -0.1 92.0 92.8 +0.8
Semi-professionals and technicians 87.9 89.1 +1.2 61.9 64.3 +2.4
Supervisors 115.8 114.2 -1.6 91.9 86.6 -5.3
Supervisors: crafts and trades 77.1 74.1 -3.0 65.7 68.5 +2.8
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 91.2 89.9 -1.3 101.2 101.4 +0.2
Skilled sales and service personnel 71.6 72.9 +1.3 31.0 28.7 -2.3
Skilled crafts and trades workers 119.4 125.2 +5.8 187.9 199.3 +11.4
Clerical personnel 103.3 101.5 -1.8 105.2 104.9 -0.3
Intermediate sales and service personnel 111.9 112.2 +0.3 74.9 79.7 +4.8
Semi-skilled manual workers 115.8 96.7 -19.1 56.4 56.4 0.0
Other sales and service personnel 128.0 131.3 +3.3 107.4 94.6 -12.8
Other manual workers 43.9 37.9 -6.0 57.9 46.5 -11.4

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the attainment rates due to rounding.

Banking and financial services sector

The attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of women increased from 2016 to 2017 in the Senior managers, Semi-professionals and technicians, Supervisors: crafts and trades, Clerical personnel and Semi-skilled manual workers occupational groups. The increase for the Supervisors: crafts and trades occupational group is particularly noticeable at +81.6 percentage points, but this is a very small occupational group, as only two women of a total of 15 employees were reported for 2017. The representation of women was above sector occupational LMA in the Senior managers, Professionals, Supervisors: crafts and trades and Semi-skilled manual workers occupational groups in 2017. However, the representation of women was well below sector occupational LMA in the Other sales and service personnel, a small occupational group that consisted of 10 women and of 39 total employees for 2017.

Communications sector

The attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of women improved from 2016 to 2017 in the Semi-professionals and technicians and Other sales and service personnel occupational groups. Although the attainment rate decreased by 45.4 percentage points in the Other manual workers occupational group, this is a very small occupational group with only one woman of a total of six reported employees for 2017. The representation of women was above sector occupational LMA in the Senior managers, Semi-skilled manual workers, Other sales and service personnel and Other manual workers occupational groups in 2017. However, women in this sector have the lowest level of attainment of sector occupational LMA in the Professionals, Supervisors, Supervisors: crafts and trades, Skilled crafts and trades workers and Clerical personnel occupational groups.

Transportation sector

The attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of women increased in seven of the 14 occupational groups from 2016 to 2017. In 2017, the representation of women was also above sector occupational LMA in eight of the occupational groups, making this sector the most successful at reaching full representation for women at the occupational group level, compared to sector-specific occupational level LMA.

‘Other’ sector

Between 2016 and 2017, the attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of women increased in seven of the occupational groups. In 2017, the representation of women surpassed sector occupational LMA in the Senior managers, Administrative and senior clerical personnel, Skilled crafts and trades workers and Clerical personnel occupational groups. However, women in this sector have the lowest level of attainment of sector occupational LMA in the Senior managers, Semi-professionals and technicians, Skilled sales and service personnel, Intermediate sales and service personnel and Semi-skilled manual workers occupational groups.

Additional data on the representation, hires, promotions and terminations of employees by designated group and sector is provided in Appendix A.

Aboriginal peoples

Between 2016 and 2017, the representation of Aboriginal peoples in the federally regulated private sector remained at 2.3%. At the overall sector level and in the transportation sector, more Aboriginal employees entered the workforce than left it.

Chart 4: Representation and Canadian LMA* of Aboriginal Peoples in the Federally Regulated Private Sector, 1987 to 2017 (%)

Source: * Statistics Canada, 1986 to 2006 Census and 2011 National Household Survey.

Show data table
Representation and availability of Aboriginal peoples in the federally regulated private sector
Year All employees Aboriginal peoples
Total Representation Availability
# % %
1987 595,417 3,921 0.7 2.1
1988 613,688 4,386 0.7 2.1
1989 631,015 4,993 0.8 2.1
1990 631,423 5,387 0.9 2.1
1991 615,135 5,923 1.0 3.0
1992 602,265 6,092 1.0 3.0
1993 582,363 6,079 1.0 3.0
1994 599,311 6,600 1.1 3.0
1995 588,047 6,895 1.2 3.0
1996 571,883 6,955 1.2 2.1
1997 571,138 7,354 1.3 2.1
1998 589,218 7,764 1.3 2.1
1999 588,759 8,581 1.5 2.1
2000 600,220 8,867 1.5 2.1
2001 634,759 9,865 1.6 2.6
2002 629,916 10,468 1.7 2.6
2003 621,457 10,276 1.7 2.6
2004 651,048 10,956 1.7 2.6
2005 672,652 11,854 1.8 2.6
2006 698,210 12,364 1.8 3.1
2007 733,789 13,920 1.9 3.1
2008 744,011 13,958 1.9 3.1
2009 743,837 14,013 1.9 3.1
2010 755,966 14,686 1.9 3.1
2011 768,547 15,166 2.0 3.5
2012 772,480 15,778 2.0 3.5
2013 738,053 15,669 2.1 3.5
2014 740,740 15,786 2.1 3.5
2015 730,485 16,145 2.2 3.5
2016 720,092 16,406 2.3 3.5
2017 720,297 16,671 2.3 3.5

Note: In 1996, the Census methodology for calculating LMA of Aboriginal peoples changed, causing a drop in LMA

Chart 5 shows that the representation of Aboriginal peoples continued to be significantly short of reaching full representation at the Senior Managers occupational group level. Aboriginal peoples’ representation in the other supervisory and management occupations were also below Canadian LMA but to a lesser extent, with the exception of Supervisors: crafts and trades which is the only occupational group in which Aboriginal peoples continued to be fully represented.

Chart 5: Attainment Rate of Canadian LMA* of Aboriginal Peoples by Occupational Group in the Federally Regulated Private Sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)

Source: * Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey.

Show data table
Representation, availability and attainment rate of Canadian LMA of Aboriginal peoples in the federally regulated private sector by occupational group (%)
Occupational group Aboriginal peoples
Representation Availability* Change Attainment rate of Canadian LMA
2016 2017 2011 2016 2017
Senior managers 1.0 1.0 2.9 0.1 34.5 35.2
Middle and other managers 1.3 1.3 2.2 0.0 59.1 60.0
Professionals 1.3 1.2 2.1 0.0 61.9 58.6
Semi-professionals and technicians 2.5 2.6 3.7 0.1 67.6 72.0
Supervisors 2.4 2.4 3.6 0.0 66.7 66.4
Supervisors: crafts and trades 3.7 4.0 3.7 0.2 100.0 108.3
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 1.9 1.9 3.0 -0.1 63.3 61.3
Skilled sales and service personnel 1.8 1.7 3.2 -0.1 56.3 53.1
Skilled crafts and trades Workers 3.8 3.9 4.5 0.1 84.4 86.2
Clerical personnel 2.1 2.1 3.4 0.1 61.8 62.9
Intermediate sales and service personnel 2.5 2.5 3.7 0.0 67.6 67.7
Semi-skilled manual workers 3.3 3.5 4.1 0.2 80.5 86.2
Other sales and service personnel 3.9 4.2 5.1 0.3 76.5 83.4
Other manual workers 5.9 5.8 6.0 -0.1 98.3 96.5
Total 1.0 1.0 2.9 0.1 34.5 35.2

Table 6 provides a more in-depth analysis of Aboriginal peoples’ occupational group representation as compared to their respective sector LMA.

Table 6A: Attainment rate of sector LMA* of Aboriginal peoples in the federally regulated private sector by occupational group and sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Occupational group Banking and financial services Communications
Attainment rate of sector LMA Change ** Attainment rate of sector LMA Change **
2016 2017 2016 2017
Senior managers 87.5 87.5 0.0 30.0 26.9 -3.1
Middle and other managers 84.6 86.9 +2.3 106.7 109.6 +2.9
Professionals 90.0 89.6 -0.4 126.7 111.4 -15.3
Semi-professionals and technicians 54.5 88.7 +34.2 79.3 79.1 -0.2
Supervisors 100.0 100.2 +0.2 192.3 179.4 -12.9
Supervisors: crafts and trades 0.0 0.0 0.0 61.1 69.8 +8.7
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 88.2 76.2 -12.0 79.2 68.6 -10.6
Skilled sales and service personnel 121.4 110.0 -11.4 140.0 118.7 -21.3
Skilled crafts and trades workers 256.7 240.5 -16.2 130.4 126.3 -4.1
Clerical personnel 77.8 71.9 -5.9 108.0 100.3 -7.7
Intermediate sales and service personnel 79.2 76.6 -2.6 108.7 108.7 0.0
Semi-skilled manual workers 54.5 56.0 +1.5 325.0 317.6 -7.4
Other sales and service personnel 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.6 66.2 +34.6
Other manual workers 0.0 0.0 0.0 476.2 400.0 -76.2

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the attainment rates due to rounding.

Table 6B: Attainment rate of sector LMA* of Aboriginal peoples in the federally regulated private sector by occupational group and sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Occupational group Transportation  'Other'
attainment rate of sector LMA Change ** attainment rate of sector LMA Change **
2016 2017 2016 2017
Senior managers 171,4 212,7 +41,3 24,1 20,0 -4,1
Middle and other managers 89,5 86,4 -3,1 62,5 61,1 -1,4
Professionals 127,3 145,3 +18,0 80,0 83,2 +3,2
Semi-professionals and technicians 92,3 98,9 +6,6 107,3 109,5 +2,2
Supervisors 88,6 88,2 -0,4 90,9 88,0 -2,9
Supervisors: crafts and trades 140,7 152,4 11,7 102,3 97,2 -5,1
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 84,6 80,8 -3,8 76,6 82,1 +5,5
Skilled sales and service personnel 207,7 224,3 +16,6 53,7 64,9 +11,2
Skilled crafts and trades workers 103,0 111,5 +8,5 155,1 151,2 -3,9
Clerical personnel 78,6 83,1 +4,5 100,0 86,4 -13,6
Intermediate sales and service personnel 118,5 121,0 +2,5 48,9 48,4 -0,5
Semi-skilled manual workers 83,3 90,2 +6,9 210,0 211,9 +1,9
Other sales and service personnel 96,0 91,4 -4,6 33,7 43,5 +9,8
Other manual workers 58,0 63,7 +5,7 98,9 79,2 -19,7

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the attainment rates due to rounding.

Banking and financial services sector

The attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of Aboriginal peoples increased from 2016 to 2017 in the Middle and other managers, Semi-professionals and technicians, Supervisors and Semi-skilled manual workers occupational groups. The representation of Aboriginal peoples continued to be above sector occupational LMA in Supervisors, Skilled sales and service personnel and Skilled crafts and trades workers occupational groups in 2017.

Communications sector

The attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of Aboriginal peoples improved in Middle and other managers, Supervisors: crafts and trades and Other sales and service personnel occupational groups between 2016 and 2017. Although the attainment rate decreased by 76.2 percentage points in the Other manual workers occupational group, this is a very small occupational group with only one Aboriginal employee of a total of six reported employees for 2017. Aboriginal peoples’ attainment rate of sector LMA in the Senior managers occupational group decreased from 2016 to 2017, remaining below full representation. However, the representation of Aboriginal peoples in nine out of the 14 occupational groups continued to be above sector occupational LMA in 2017.

Transportation sector

The attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of Aboriginal peoples increased in 10 of the 14 occupational groups from 2016 to 2017. The attainment rate of sector occupational LMA continued to be above 100% in six occupational groups, including in the Senior managers and Professionals occupational groups.

‘Other’ sector

The attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of Aboriginal peoples increased in six occupational groups between 2016 and 2017 but remained low in the Senior managers occupational group. Aboriginal employees in this sector continued to be well represented in the following three occupational groups in 2017: Semi-professionals and technicians, Skilled crafts and trades workers and Semi-skilled manual workers

Additional data on the representation, hires, promotions and terminations of employees by designated group and sector is provided in Appendix A.

Persons with disabilities

Between 2016 and 2017, the representation of persons with disabilities in the federally regulated private sector remained at 3.3%. Overall and in all four sectors, more persons with disabilities left than entered the workforce.

Chart 6 illustrates that the representation of persons with disabilities reached its highest level at 3.3% in 2016 and continued to be at this level in 2017, a significant increase from the initial low of 1.6% in 1987. The 2017 representation rate remained 1.6 percentage points below the 4.9% LMA.

Chart 6: Representation and Canadian LMA* of persons with disabilities in the federally regulated private sector, 1987 to 2017 (%)

Source: * Statistics Canada, 1986 and 1991 Health and Activity Limitation Survey; 2001 and 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey; and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.

Show data table
Representation and availability of persons with disabilities in the federally regulated private sector
Year All employees Persons with disabilities
Total Representation Availability
# % %
1987 595,417 9,440 1.6 5.4
1988 613,688 10,343 1.7 5.4
1989 631,015 14,746 2.3 5.4
1990 631,423 15,119 2.4 5.4
1991 615,135 15,438 2.5 6.5
1992 602,265 15,318 2.5 6.5
1993 582,363 14,937 2.6 6.5
1994 599,311 15,736 2.6 6.5
1995 588,047 16,063 2.7 6.5
1996 571,883 15,207 2.7 6.5
1997 571,138 13,228 2.3 6.5
1998 589,218 13,319 2.3 6.5
1999 588,759 14,068 2.4 6.5
2000 600,220 13,929 2.3 6.5
2001 634,759 14,519 2.3 5.3
2002 629,916 14,793 2.3 5.3
2003 621,457 14,425 2.3 5.3
2004 651,048 16,558 2.5 5.3
2005 672,652 18,163 2.7 5.3
2006 698,210 18,662 2.7 4.9
2007 733,789 19,777 2.7 4.9
2008 744,011 19,786 2.7 4.9
2009 743,837 19,758 2.7 4.9
2010 755,966 19,658 2.6 4.9
2011 768,547 19,649 2.6 4.9
2012 772,480 20,232 2.6 4.9
2013 738,053 20,053 2.7 4.9
2014 740,740 20,556 2.8 4.9
2015 730,485 21,627 3.0 4.9
2016 720,092 23,636 3.3 4.9
2017 720 297 23,860 3.3 4.9

Note: In 2001, Statistics Canada began using the World Health Organization’s International classification of functioning, disability and health framework to define disability rather than the 1980 International classification of impairments, cisabilities, and handicaps; this resulted in a drop in LMA.

Chart 7 shows that the attainment rate of Canadian LMA of persons with disabilities is low in all occupational groups, with the exceptions of Administrative and senior clerical personnel and Skilled sales and service personnel. The attainment rate of persons with disabilities continued to be particularly low in the Supervisors and Supervisors: crafts and trades occupational groups.

Chart 7: Attainment rate of Canadian LMA* of persons with disabilities by occupational group in the federally regulated Private sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)

Source: * Statistics Canada, 2012 Canadian survey on disability.

Show data table
Representation, availability and attainment rate of Canadian LMA of persons with disabilities in the federally regulated private sector by occupational group (%)
Occupational group Persons with disabilities
Representation Availability* Change Attainment rate of Canadian LMA
2016 2017 2011 2016 2017
Senior managers 3,1 3,0 4,3 -0,1 72,1 70,5
Middle and other managers 3,5 3,5 4,3 0,0 81,4 81,1
Professionals 3,3 3,4 3,8 0,0 86,8 88,9
Semi-professionals and technicians 2,7 2,7 4,6 0,0 58,7 57,9
Supervisors 3,6 3,8 13,9 0,2 25,9 27,6
Supervisors: crafts and trades 2,2 2,2 7,8 0,0 28,2 28,4
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 3,6 3,7 3,4 0,1 105,9 109,1
Skilled sales and service personnel 3,9 4,3 3,5 0,4 111,4 123,0
Skilled crafts and trades workers 2,5 2,4 3,8 -0,1 65,8 63,7
Clerical personnel 4,2 4,2 7,0 0,0 60,0 60,0
Intermediate sales and service personnel 3,3 3,4 5,6 0,1 58,9 60,9
Semi-skilled manual workers 2,7 2,6 4,8 -0,1 56,3 54,9
Other sales and service personnel 3,9 4,3 6,3 0,4 61,9 67,9
Other manual workers 2,7 2,9 5,3 0,2 50,9 54,5
Total all employees 3,1 3,0 4,3 -0,1 72,1 70,5

Data on the attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of persons with disabilities is not available as numbers are negligible.

Additional data on the representation, hires, promotions and terminations of employees by designated group and sector is provided in Appendix A.

Members of visible minorities

The representation of members of visible minorities in the federally regulated private sector increased from 22.2% in 2016 to 22.8% in 2017. All sectors combined and in each sector, except for the banking and financial services sector, more members of visible minorities entered than left the workforce. This designated group also received a higher share of promotions than their representation level at the overall level and in each sector, with the exception of the ‘other’ sector.

Chart 8 illustrates that since 1987, the representation of members of visible minorities has been increasing steadily; this designated group has made the most progress in overall representation since 1987.

Chart 8: Representation and Canadian LMA* of members of visible minorities in the federally regulated private sector, 1987 to 2017 (%)

Source: * Statistics Canada, 1986 to 2006 Census and 2011 National Household Survey

Show data table
Representation and availability of members of visible minorities in the federally regulated private sector
Year All employees Members of visible minorities
Total Representation Availability
# % %
1987 595,417 29,760 5.0 6.3
1988 613,688 34,785 5.7 6.3
1989 631,015 42,092 6.7 6.3
1990 631,423 44,768 7.1 6.3
1991 615,135 46,542 7.6 9.1
1992 602,265 47,618 7.9 9.1
1993 582,363 46,895 8.1 9.1
1994 599,311 49,324 8.2 9.1
1995 588,047 51,967 8.8 9.1
1996 571,883 52,600 9.2 10.3
1997 571,138 55,236 9.7 10.3
1998 589,218 58,078 9.9 10.3
1999 588,759 61,379 10.4 10.3
2000 600,220 64,072 10.7 10.3
2001 634,759 74,049 11.7 12.6
2002 629,916 76,952 12.2 12.6
2003 621,457 79,119 12.7 12.6
2004 651,048 86,572 13.3 12.6
2005 672,652 94,573 14.1 12.6
2006 698,210 104,114 14.9 15.3
2007 733,789 116,491 15.9 15.3
2008 744,011 123,262 16.6 15.3
2009 743,837 127,302 17.1 15.3
2010 755,966 134,256 17.8 15.3
2011 768,547 139,665 18.2 17.8
2012 772,480 143,968 18.6 17.8
2013 738,053 144,488 19.6 17.8
2014 740,740 151,185 20.4 17.8
2015 730,485 154,732 21.2 17.8
2016 720,092 159,514 22.2 17.8
2017 720,297 164,382 22.8 17.8

Chart 9 shows that members of visible minorities had attainment rates of Canadian LMA that are above the 100% threshold in 10 of the 14 occupational groups in 2017, including reaching full representation and the highest attainment rate of Canadian LMA of all four designated groups in the Senior managers occupational group. This designated group’s representation also continued to surpass Canadian LMA in important feeder groups to the Senior managers occupational group.

Chart 9: Attainment rate of Canadian LMA* of members of visible minorities by occupational group in the federally regulated private sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)

Source: * Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey.

Show data table
Representation, availability and attainment rate of Canadian LMA of members of visible minorities in the federally regulated private sector by occupational group (%)
Occupational group Members of visible minorities
Representation Availability* Change Attainment rate of Canadian LMA
2016 2017 2011 2016 2017
Senior managers 9.1 10.1 10.1 1.0 90.1 100.3
Middle and other managers 23.1 24.2 15.0 1.2 154.0 161.5
Professionals 30.7 31.2 19.9 0.5 154.3 156.6
Semi-professionals and technicians 13.3 13.6 16.3 0.3 81.6 83.2
Supervisors 21.0 21.2 18.5 0.3 113.5 114.5
Supervisors: crafts and trades 9.1 10.2 9.5 1.1 95.8 107.5
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 25.4 26.1 14.1 0.7 180.1 184.8
Skilled sales and service personnel 28.9 29.6 22.8 0.7 126.8 129.7
Skilled crafts and trades workers 13.5 14.0 10.3 0.5 131.1 136.6
Clerical personnel 23.6 23.9 19.0 0.3 124.2 125.9
Intermediate sales and service personnel 23.9 23.9 20.7 0.0 115.5 115.2
Semi-skilled manual workers 16.4 17.7 18.7 1.3 87.7 94.8
Other sales and service personnel 14.5 14.6 21.9 0.1 66.2 66.4
Other manual workers 14.2 12.9 17.3 -1.2 82.1 74.7
Total 9.1 10.1 10.1 1.0 90.1 100.3

Table 7 provides a more in-depth analysis of members of visible minorities’ occupational group representation as compared to their respective sector LMA.

Table 7A: Attainment rate of sector LMA* of members of visible minorities in the federally regulated private sector by occupational group and sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Occupational group Banking and financial services Communications
Attainment rate of sector LMA Change ** Attainment rate of sector LMA Change **
2016 2017 2016 2017
Senior managers 104.5 112.8 +8.3 61.8 73.7 +11.9
Middle and other managers 119.7 125.4 +5.7 111.4 115.6 +4.2
Professionals 113.4 113.7 +0.3 101.6 106.0 +4.4
Semi-professionals and technicians 116.5 119.7 +3.2 87.0 89.6 +2.6
Supervisors 141.2 143.9 +2.7 119.1 122.7 +3.6
Supervisors: crafts and trades - - - 62.6 62.7 +0.1
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 144.3 147.8 +3.5 113.8 122.1 +8.3
Skilled sales and service personnel 130.5 130.3 -0.2 80.1 83.6 +3.5
Skilled crafts and trades workers 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 98.6 -1.4
Clerical personnel 120.9 123.4 +2.5 102.4 107.1 +4.7
Intermediate sales and service personnel 91.8 86.3 -5.5 90.9 90.9 0.0
Semi-skilled manual workers 280.6 277.1 -3.5 121.2 115.5 -5.7
Other sales and service personnel 200.0 230.2 +30.2 33.6 35.7 +2.1
Other manual workers 0.0 0.0 0.0 212.8 177.8 -35.0

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the attainment rates due to rounding. “_” Amount is negligible.

Table 7B: Attainment rate of sector LMA* of members of visible minorities in the federally regulated private sector by occupational group and sector, 2016 and 2017 (%)
Occupational Group Transportation  'Other'
Attainment Rate of Sector LMA Change ** Attainment Rate of Sector LMA Change **
2016 2017 2016 2017
Senior managers 64.8 73.8 +9.0 66.7 62.4 -4.3
Middle and other managers 86.1 91.6 +5.5 130.1 145.2 +15.1
Professionals 92.3 95.5 +3.2 103.4 108.2 +4.9
Semi-professionals and technicians 70.6 72.1 +1.5 58.2 61.7 +3.5
Supervisors 77.6 80.5 +2.9 84.0 83.8 -0.2
Supervisors: crafts and trades 95.9 108.7 +12.8 93.8 109.9 +16.1
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 125.7 129.3 +3.6 87.7 99.4 +11.7
Skilled sales and service personnel 64.8 53.3 -11.5 42.1 47.6 +5.5
Skilled crafts and trades workers 96.9 104.5 +7.6 124.4 137.6 +13.2
Clerical personnel 86.1 91.3 +5.2 85.9 91.7 +5.8
Intermediate sales and service personnel 88.8 93.4 +4.6 109.2 116.0 +6.8
Semi-skilled manual workers 78.7 85.0 +6.3 63.0 66.0 +3.0
Other sales and service personnel 43.9 51.2 +7.3 155.3 130.9 -24.4
Other manual workers 100.7 96.9 -3.8 106.9 84.8 -22.1

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey.
** Change values may not equal the differences between the attainment rates due to rounding. “_” Amount is negligible.

Banking and financial services sector

From 2016 to 2017, the attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of members of visible minorities increased in all but three occupational groups where the sector reported representation in 2017. Only in the Intermediate sales and service personnel occupational group did the representation of members of visible minorities remain below the sector occupational LMA.

Communications sector

The attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of members of visible minorities improved in 10 of the 14 occupational groups between 2016 and 2017. Although the attainment rate decreased by ‑35.0 percentage points in the Other manual workers occupational group, this is a very small occupational group with only one visible minority employee of a total of six reported employees for 2017. The representation of members of visible minorities was above sector occupational LMA in seven occupational groups in 2017.

Transportation sector

Between 2016 and 2017, the attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of members of visible minorities increased in 12 occupational groups. The representation of this designated group only exceeded sector occupational LMA in the Supervisors: crafts and trades, Administrative and senior clerical personnel and Skilled crafts and trades workers occupational groups.

‘Other’ sector

The attainment rate of sector occupational LMA of members of visible minorities improved in 10 of the occupational groups from 2016 to 2017. This designated group’s representation exceeded sector occupational LMA in six of the occupational groups, including the Middle and other managers and Professionals occupational groups.

Additional data on the representation, hires, promotions and terminations of employees by designated group and sector is provided in Appendix A.

Section 3 - Employment equity program highlights

Under the Act, in addition to ensuring compliance with the annual reporting requirements of federally regulated private-sector employers, the Minister of Labour is mandated a number of responsibilities including:

This section provides an overview of the Labour Program’s activities as they relate to the Federal Contractors Program, the Workplace opportunities: removing barriers to equity grants and contributions program, pay transparency and the Employment Equity Achievement Awards.

Federal contractors program

The Federal Contractors Program (FCP) was created following the enactment of the Act. The FCP seeks to generate positive social change by ensuring that organizations that do business with the Government of Canada implement employment equity in their workplace. It applies to provincially regulated employers that have a workforce in Canada of 100 or more employees and that received a federal government goods and services contract valued at $1 million or more (including applicable taxes).

As part of their obligations, contractors must collect and analyze data about their workforce and, where gaps in representation exist, establish goals to increase representation for the four designated groups: women, Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities. Contractors are required to make reasonable efforts to ensure that reasonable progress is made towards meeting their goals and achieving an equitable workforce.

As of December 31, 2017, 294 certified and eight voluntary employers were covered under the FCP. A total of 45 (40 certified and five voluntary) employers were added during the 2017 calendar year.

Contractors are subject to compliance assessments to ensure that they fulfill their commitment to implement employment equity. A first compliance assessment is conducted one year after an employer has been awarded a contract. Subsequent assessments may be conducted four years after the contract award date and every three years thereafter to verify that progress is being made. In 2017, the Workplace Equity Division of the Labour Program completed 48 first-year compliance assessments and four subsequent assessments, with all contractors being found in compliance.

Workplace opportunities: removing barriers to equity

Workplace opportunities: removing barriers to equity is a grants and contributions program that was launched on July 17, 2014, and designed to support employers subject to the Act in their efforts to improve the representation of the four designated groups in areas experiencing low representation through partnerships, information sharing and implementation of industry-tailored strategies. In total, $500,000 per fiscal year is available through Workplace Opportunities.

A total of nine projects have been funded through Workplace opportunities to date. Four grant projects were completed by the end of 2016. Two of the contribution agreements concluded in the 2017 calendar year (see Box 1) and the remaining three on March 31, 2018 (see Box 2 and 3).

Box 1: Highlights of the workplace opportunities projects completed in 2017

National Educational Association of Disabled Students (NEADS)

Breaking through barriers

Funding: $161,010 (June 2015 to August 2017)

The project aimed at connecting recent graduates with disabilities and employers in the federally regulated sector, through nation-wide in-person workshops and a unique web portal designed to create on-going relationships and resource-sharing between graduates and employers.

The workshops took place in several cities such as Montréal, Ottawa, Regina and Vancouver. They addressed the project’s objective of engaging post-secondary students and graduates with disabilities as mentors to private-sector employers so that they may learn first-hand of the challenges faced by persons with disabilities. The sessions enabled employers and career professionals to share their successes and challenges in equity hiring, retention and accommodation with students/graduates. Data was collected from each of the workshops and was used to develop an employment portal, serving persons with disabilities and employers ⁄career professionals with unique online tools that have not been available previously. The portal was launched at the end of September 2017.

BC Centre for Ability Association

Abilities at work

Funding: $449,367 (June 2015 to November 2017)

The goal of the project was to connect persons with disabilities to employment opportunities and enhance their employability in the transportation sector. The project activities included 37 training workshops with more than 739 participants and enhanced outcomes around the attraction, hiring and retention of persons with disabilities for the four participating employer partners (Rocky Mountaineer, CHC Helicopter, Seaspan and Vancouver Airport Authority). The project developed a “community of practice” providing methods and lessons for other employers and trained human resources personnel, hiring managers and supervisors on best practices in attracting, interviewing, hiring and retaining persons with disabilities.

The business partners used information and resources gained from the project to enhance the activities in their existing diversity committees. All four participating employer partners now include inclusive practice information in orientation of new employees to the workplace.

Box 2: Highlights of the workplace opportunities projects completed in 2018 Trucking Human Resources Canada

Trucking workplace opportunities

Funding: $409,440 (December 2015 to March 2018)

Through the development of two national working groups, the project contributed to increased awareness among trucking industry employers regarding barriers to inclusion faced by Aboriginal peoples and persons with disabilities. An inventory of successful initiatives, a webinar series and a user-friendly guide to recruiting and retaining Aboriginal peoples were developed to help inform human resources policies and initiatives in the workplace contributing to the hiring and retention of Aboriginal peoples. Physical demand assessments for key occupations were developed and presented at five key events to gather additional employer input. These assessments identified the physical job requirements for specific occupations. Once employers are aware of the physical requirements of the job, current employees and new hires can be assessed to determine if they can perform the physical duties or if there are potential accommodations and modifications that can be put in place to allow workers to not only perform, but thrive, in their roles.

The physical demand assessments are available on Trucking Human Resources Canada’s website.

The project’s report “Changing Workforce: The case for diversity in Canada’s trucking industry” (PDF version, 2.26 MB) provides information on best practices in attaining diversity with a focus on Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities.

Canadian Apprenticeship Forum (CAF)

Best practices for retaining Aboriginal apprentices

Funding: $210,000 (June 2015 to March 2018)

The project aimed to identify and disseminate successful workplace practices on hiring and retaining Aboriginal apprentices. The project targeted Aboriginal apprentices in all four sectors covered by the Act (in other words banking, communications, transportation and ‘other’). The organization completed workshops and webinars in English and French with industry representatives in Nova Scotia, Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia and the Northwest Territories in order to develop an action plan to promote hiring and retaining of Aboriginal peoples.

The action plan is available on the CAF Reports and Resources page in English (PDF version 11.98 MB) and French (PDF version, 12.01 MB).

Several related webinars are also available.

Box 3: Highlights of the Workplace Opportunities Projects Completed in 2018

Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw Nation

Paqtnkek Lukwaqn (work/labour) project

Funding: $269,950 (June 2015 to March 2018)

The project created and strengthened partnerships with large-scale employers in Nova Scotia, particularly those in sectors such as banking and communications where Aboriginal peoples have traditionally been under-represented. It identified barriers to existing partnerships in industry-specific areas between federally regulated employers and Aboriginal organizations and implemented strategies to increase capacity of employers to hire Aboriginal peoples.

Key participants in the project were members of the Paqtnkek First Nation in Nova Scotia, and a primary focus was on youth in this community. An Employer Expo was held on March 8, 2017. A toolkit for human resources use in industry was created. The toolkit includes strategic suggestions for workplace environment and retention and how to build authentic engagement and relationship.

In addition, the Labour Program recently entered into an agreement in support of one new project:

Pay transparency

Budget 2018 announced $3 million over five years to introduce pay transparency, including the provision of accessible, online information on comparative gender wage gaps for federally regulated private-sector employers on a Government of Canada website. Wage gap information will also be provided with respect to Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities. Wage gaps are important indicators of economic inequalities. It is widely recognized that pay transparency is a key step towards addressing wage gaps. Pay transparency will provide further incentive for employers to examine their practices and show leadership in reducing unfair wage gaps, helping to shift business culture and expectations towards greater equality.

Despite narrowing educational and work experience gaps, the gap in wages between men and women persists among workers in Canada. According to Statistics CanadaFootnote 5, women earned 87.9 cents on the dollar compared to men in terms of their average effective hourly wage in the first quarter of 2017, up from 74.2 cents in 1984. In addition, wage gaps exist for a number of disadvantaged groups such as Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities. In the federally regulated private sector in 2017, the earnings of women in permanent full-time positions belonging to these disadvantaged groups are consistently lower than those of men:

According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Canada’s gender wage gap was higher than the OECD average in 2016. Canada has an 18% difference between the median earnings of men and women, relative to the OECD average of 14%Footnote 6.

International jurisdictions including Austria, Belgium, Germany, Iceland, Portugal and the United Kingdom have already put pay transparency measures in place. For example, in the United Kingdom as of April 2017, employers with 250 or more employees are required each year to calculate and publish on a government website, and their own websites, six different metrics on the gender pay gap.

Closing the wage gaps in Canada will require leadership and a collaborative approach, involving multiple initiatives. Pay transparency will involve converting existing pay information filed by federally regulated employers into accessible user-friendly online content, with specific attention paid to making existing wage gaps more evident. It is believed that this transparency will prompt employers to take action to close their wage gaps. To this end, the Labour Program will be conducting stakeholder consultations across Canada in the 2019 calendar year to ensure that different perspectives are heard and taken into account when developing the new salary reporting requirements under the Act.

2018 Employment equity achievement awards

On October 3, 2018, the third annual Employment Equity Achievement Awards (EEAA) ceremony was held in Ottawa. The awards recognized federally regulated private-sector employers and federal contractors for their outstanding achievements in employment equity and their commitment to creating diverse and inclusive workplaces. A new award category, the Employment Equity Champion award, was introduced in 2018 to celebrate business leaders who champion employment equity in their organization.

The EEAA one-day event featured the following:

Following an application process, two champion award recipients and 15 private-sector employers (see Box 4) were recognized for their efforts in advancing employment equity, as well as promoting diversity and inclusiveness in the workplace in the following categories:

The awards provided a forum to highlight the Government’s commitment to continue to work with employers to make further progress on equity and inclusion for the four designated groups covered under the Act. It also provided an opportunity for employers to create and strengthen networks, as well as discuss challenges and opportunities in achieving employment equity.

Box 4: 2018 Employment Equity Achievement Awards recipients

Employment Equity Champion

Sector distinction

Outstanding commitment

Innovation

Conclusion

This report contains a high-level analysis of the results that employers have achieved in implementing employment equity in their workplaces for the 2017 calendar year. It has been 30 years since the collection of employment equity data commenced under the Act, when 373 employers reported on their 1987 workforce data, which was composed of 595,417 employees. This year’s report includes submissions received from 462 employers with a combined workforce of 720,297 employees—an increase of 21.0% in the workforce coverage.

Since 1987, the representation of members of visible minorities has improved significantly and exceeds labour market availability but women, Aboriginal peoples and persons with disabilities continue to be under-represented. The data reported for the 2017 calendar year indicates that while the overall representation of these under-represented groups either decreased or continued to be at the same level as in 2016, some increases were observed at the sector and occupational group levels. Although members of visible minorities continue to be the most successful designated group, they are still under-represented in certain sectors and occupational groups.

The 2018 Employment Equity Achievement Awards gained increased interest from employers. Two champion award recipients and 15 private-sector employers were recognized for their successes and accomplishments in implementing employment equity, diversity and inclusion. Three Workplace Opportunities: Removing Barriers to Equity projects successfully concluded this year and one new agreement has been put in place. These projects, tools, information sharing and learning help strengthen employers’ efforts and support them in implementing measures to remove barriers and improve their workplaces.

It will be a busy year ahead. The Labour Program has commenced work on making regulatory changes and on addressing wage gaps through pay transparency for the four designated groups. In addition, consultations on regulatory changes with stakeholders from across the country will be undertaken at the beginning of the 2019 calendar year. It is encouraging to see the level of interest and commitment to diversity and inclusion demonstrated by employers, and we will continue to support their efforts.

Appendix A

Tables – Federally regulated private-sector employers

The following tables consolidate data from the annual reports submitted by federally regulated private-sector employers. To allow for comparative analysis, some of the data from 1987 (the year data was first collected) is included with 2016 and 2017 data.

Tables 1 to 3 in this appendix present data aggregated to include permanent full-time, permanent part-time and temporary employees. Table 4 summarizes information for the four industrial sectors, including: number, representation, hires, promotions, terminations and the net effect of hires less terminations. Tables 5 and 6 present salary data for permanent full-time and permanent part-time employees respectively.

List of tables

Table 1: Representation (1987, 2016 and 2017) and availability (2011/2012) of Federally regulated private-sector employees by designated group, Census Metropolitan Area, Province and Territory (%)
Census metropolitan area and Province/Territory Women Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
Representation Availability* Representation Availability* Representation Availability* Representation Availability*
1987 2016 2017 2011 1987 2016 2017 2011 1987 2016 2017 2012 1987 2016 2017 2011
Halifax 41.2 41.7 41.2 49.6 0.5 2.4 2.4 2.6 1.6 5.3 5.4 n/a 1.9 8.4 9.0 7.6
Montréal 39.0 40.9 40.4 48.4 0.3 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.1 2.2 2.3 n/a 3.0 16.6 17.2 18.0
Toronto 47.1 44.5 44.2 48.7 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.5 3.4 3.4 n/a 12.0 37.5 37.9 44.1
Winnipeg 32.7 33.3 32.2 48.8 0.8 6.8 7.2 9.0 1.8 3.2 3.4 n/a 2.9 18.9 19.8 18.9
Regina 42.9 47.6 48.4 48.6 0.4 3.2 2.8 7.2 2.4 4.0 3.8 n/a 1.6 15.8 17.2 9.8
Calgary 47.6 44.0 43.5 47.1 0.5 2.0 2.1 2.5 1.9 3.2 3.2 n/a 5.6 22.9 23.6 25.7
Edmonton 44.5 39.6 38.5 47.1 0.7 3.0 3.1 4.5 2.0 3.2 3.3 n/a 4.4 21.9 23.0 21.0
Vancouver 40.4 37.9 37.5 48.6 0.5 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.5 3.4 3.1 n/a 7.9 35.7 36.3 41.8
Newfoundland and Labrador 38.4 44.4 44.6 48.2 0.6 5.5 6.0 6.7 1.0 3.1 3.0 5.6 0.7 2.4 2.2 1.3
Prince Edward Island 38.0 37.1 32.3 49.5 0.2 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.2 2.8 2.2 5.7 1.0 3.0 2.9 2.4
Nova Scotia 34.4 43.6 42.5 49.2 0.4 2.4 2.5 3.4 3.5 5.2 5.3 7.2 1.3 7.3 7.7 4.5
New Brunswick 32.2 48.2 47.7 48.3 0.4 1.3 1.4 2.6 1.8 3.7 4.2 5.3 1.1 3.4 4.0 2.2
Quebec 39.8 39.7 39.2 47.9 0.4 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.1 2.1 2.2 3.0 2.6 13.9 14.4 9.8
Ontario 44.2 42.9 42.4 48.7 0.7 1.5 1.5 2.1 1.6 3.6 3.7 5.5 7.3 27.9 28.6 24.4
Manitoba 30.5 32.6 31.9 48.0 1.0 7.8 8.1 12.1 1.7 3.3 3.3 5.9 2.6 15.8 16.8 13.2
Saskatchewan 35.1 37.1 36.8 47.3 1.4 7.9 7.4 10.4 1.8 3.2 3.1 5.6 1.2 9.7 10.1 6.3
Alberta 45.3 41.7 41.1 46.6 0.7 2.7 2.8 4.7 1.9 3.3 3.3 4.9 4.0 20.0 20.8 17.3
British Columbia 41.5 37.8 37.2 48.5 0.7 3.1 3.2 4.6 1.7 3.6 3.4 5.8 6.2 28.3 29.0 25.8
Yukon 31.4 41.4 41.5 49.5 3.8 8.5 7.3 19.0 0.8 3.1 2.9 6.9 1.4 11.4 12.0 5.9
Northwest Territories 21.9 25.7 25.7 47.8 9.6 8.2 8.6 40.3 1.4 1.9 1.8 3.6 2.5 10.8 12.2 7.8
Nunavut n/a 26.1 25.3 46.9 n/a 38.4 29.9 75.1 n/a 1.9 1.9 2.6 n/a 8.0 7.1 2.6
Canada 40.9 40.7 40.2 48.2 0.7 2.3 2.3 3.5 1.6 3.3 3.3 4.9 5.0 22.2 22.8 17.8

Source: * Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.

Table 2: Representation (2016 and 2017) and availability (2011/2012) of Federally regulated private-sector employees by designated group and occupational group (%)

Occupational group 		Women Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
Representation Availability* Representation Availability* Representation Availability* Representation Availability*
2016 2017 2011 2016 2017 2011 2016 2017 2012 2016 2017 2011
Senior managers 26.4 27.3 27.4 1.0 1.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 4.3 9.1 10.1 10.1
Middle and other managers 42.1 42.0 38.9 1.3 1.3 2.2 3.5 3.5 4.3 23.1 24.2 15.0
Professionals 44.6 44.5 55.0 1.3 1.2 2.1 3.3 3.4 3.8 30.7 31.2 19.9
Semi-professionals and technicians 19.0 19.2 52.0 2.5 2.6 3.7 2.7 2.7 4.6 13.3 13.6 16.3
supervisors 60.6 58.8 56.5 2.4 2.4 3.6 3.6 3.8 **13.9 21.0 21.2 18.5
Supervisors: crafts and trades 8.5 8.3 11.2 3.7 4.0 3.7 2.2 2.2 **7.8 9.1 10.2 9.5
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 76.9 76.4 82.6 1.9 1.9 3.0 3.6 3.7 3.4 25.4 26.1 14.1
Skilled sales and service personnel 53.1 53.9 49.9 1.8 1.7 3.2 3.9 4.3 3.5 28.9 29.6 22.8
Skilled crafts and trades workers 4.7 4.7 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.5 2.5 2.4 3.8 13.5 14.0 10.3
Clerical personnel 57.5 56.4 68.4 2.1 2.1 3.4 4.2 4.2 7.0 23.6 23.9 19.0
Intermediate sales and service personnel 63.2 62.5 66.8 2.5 2.5 3.7 3.3 3.4 5.6 23.9 23.9 20.7
Semi-skilled manual workers 13.3 11.2 17.9 3.3 3.5 4.1 2.7 2.6 4.8 16.4 17.7 18.7
Other sales and service personnel 41.9 41.1 57.5 3.9 4.2 5.1 3.9 4.3 6.3 14.5 14.6 21.9
Other manual workers 11.2 9.5 22.7 5.9 5.8 6.0 2.7 2.9 **5.3 14.2 12.9 17.3
Total 40.7 40.2 48.2 2.3 2.3 3.5 3.3 3.3 4.9 22.2 22.8 17.8

Sources:
* Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey and 2012 Canadian survey on disability.
** Use with caution. The coefficient of variation of the estimate is between 16.5% and 33.3%.

Table 3A: Distribution (2016 and 2017) of federally regulated private-sector employees by designated group and occupational group (%)
Administrative and senior clerical personnel Women Men Aboriginal peoples Non-aboriginal peoples
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
Senior managers 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.9 0.9
Middle and other managers 11.2 11.5 10.6 10.7 6.3 6.3 11.0 11.1
Professionals 20.7 21.7 17.7 18.2 10.5 10.3 19.1 19.9
Semi-professionals and technicians 3.1 3.2 9.1 9.0 7.4 7.6 6.7 6.7
Supervisors 5.0 4.8 2.2 2.2 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.3
Supervisors: crafts and trades 0.3 0.3 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.4
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 5.4 5.3 1.1 1.1 2.4 2.2 2.9 2.8
Skilled sales and service personnel 4.2 4.8 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.6 3.2 3.6
Skilled crafts and trades workers 0.9 1.0 13.0 13.2 13.3 13.9 7.9 8.2
Clerical personnel 18.8 17.8 9.5 9.2 12.1 11.7 13.3 12.7
Intermediate sales and service personnel 24.8 24.9 9.9 10.0 17.2 17.3 15.9 16.0
Semi-skilled manual workers 4.3 3.5 19.3 18.7 19.0 19.0 13.1 12.4
Other sales and service personnel 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4
Other manual workers 0.2 0.2 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.8 0.7 0.7
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Table 3B: Distribution (2016 and 2017) of federally regulated private-sector employees by designated group and occupational group (%)

Occupational group 		Persons with disabilities Persons without disabilities Members of visible minorities Non-visible minority members
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
Senior managers 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.4 1.0 1.0
Middle and other managers 11.6 11.6 10.8 11.0 11.3 11.7 10.7 10.8
Professionals 19.2 20.0 18.9 19.6 26.3 26.9 16.9 17.5
Semi-professionals and technicians 5.4 5.4 6.7 6.7 4.0 4.0 7.4 7.5
Supervisors 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.3
Supervisors: crafts and trades 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 0.6 0.7 1.8 1.7
Administrative and senior clerical personnel 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.7
Skilled sales and service personnel 3.8 4.6 3.2 3.5 4.2 4.6 2.9 3.3
Skilled crafts and trades workers 6.2 6.0 8.1 8.4 4.9 5.1 8.9 9.3
Clerical personnel 17.1 16.0 13.2 12.5 14.2 13.2 13.1 12.5
Intermediate sales and service personnel 16.1 16.4 16.0 16.0 17.2 16.7 15.6 15.8
Semi-skilled manual workers 10.9 10.0 13.3 12.7 9.8 9.8 14.2 13.4
Other sales and service personnel 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5
Other manual workers 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.8
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Table 4: Federally regulated private-sector employees by designated group and sector: number, representation, hires, promotions, terminations and net effect (2016 and 2017)*
All employees Women Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017 2016 2017
Banking and financial services (number)
Employees 237,225 237,016 139,466 136,762 3,004 2,899 10,654 10,651 74,223 74,811
Hires 34,740 38,007 17,284 19,124 347 378 1,000 1,227 9,226 9,803
Promotions 29,015 31,924 15,926 17,686 364 364 938 1,054 10,037 11,002
Terminations 37,281 39,326 21,230 22,514 565 553 1,569 1,913 10,415 10,898
Net effect ** -2,541 -1,319 -3,946 -3,390 -218 -175 -569 -686 -1,189 -1,095
Banking and financial services (percent)
Representation 100.0 100.0 58.8 57.7 1.3 1.2 4.5 4.5 31.3 31.6
Share of hires 100.0 100.0 49.8 50.3 1.0 1.0 2.9 3.2 26.6 25.8
Share of promotions 100.0 100.0 54.9 55.4 1.3 1.1 3.2 3.3 34.6 34.5
Share of terminations 100.0 100.0 56.9 57.2 1.5 1.4 4.2 4.9 27.9 27.7
Communications (number)
Employees 133,492 132,890 47,625 46,740 3,009 2,941 4,588 4,680 30,194 30,773
Hires 16,198 20,084 6,079 7,623 298 585 462 643 4,397 5,242
Promotions 5,369 6,706 2,109 2,635 158 154 193 206 1,431 1,889
Terminations 23,389 21,665 9,495 ,430 440 594 668 747 5,245 5,103
Net effect -7,191 -1,581 -3,416 -807 -142 -9 -206 -104 -848 139
Communications(percent)
Representation 100.0 100.0 35.7 35.2 2.3 2.2 3.4 3.5 22.6 23.2
Share of hires 100.0 100.0 37.5 38.0 1.8 2.9 2.9 3.2 27.1 26.1
Share of promotions 100.0 100.0 39.3 39.3 2.9 2.3 3.6 3.1 26.7 28.2
Share of terminations 100.0 100.0 40.6 38.9 1.9 2.7 2.9 3.4 22.4 23.6
Transportation (number)
Employees 293,113 294,612 89,918 89,460 8,069 8,587 7,198 7,331 46,981 50,201
Hires 42,644 55,793 11,357 14,488 1,360 2,176 696 970 8,346 12,209
Promotions 9,588 11,070 3,033 3,293 259 264 178 209 1,727 2,107
Terminations 49,888 53,502 13,443 13,628 1,633 1,868 1,197 1,315 8,498 9,794
Net effect -7,244 2,291 -2,086 860 -273 308 -501 -345 -152 2,415
Transportation (percent)
Representation 100.0 100.0 30.7 30.4 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.5 16.0 17.0
Share of hires 100.0 100.0 26.6 26.0 3.2 3.9 1.6 1.7 19.6 21.9
Share of promotions 100.0 100.0 31.6 29.7 2.7 2.4 1.9 1.9 18.0 19.0
Share of terminations 100.0 100.0 26.9 25.5 3.3 3.5 2.4 2.5 17.0 18.3
'Other' (number)
Employees 56,262 55,779 16,253 16,365 2,324 2,244 1,196 1,198 8,116 8,597
Hires 8,094 8,244 2,190 2,462 226 278 91 97 1,860 1,959
Promotions 2,637 2,746 850 901 103 100 30 66 364 323
Terminations 7,717 8,277 2,118 2,302 347 345 161 180 1,340 1,603
Net effect 377 -33 72 160 -121 -67 -70 -83 520 356
'Other' (percent)
Representation 100.0 100.0 28.9 29.3 4.1 4.0 2.1 2.1 14.4 15.4
Share of hires 100.0 100.0 27.1 29.9 2.8 3.4 1.1 1.2 23.0 23.8
Share of promotions 100.0 100.0 32.2 32.8 3.9 3.6 1.1 2.4 13.8 11.8
Share of terminations 100.0 100.0 27.4 27.8 4.5 4.2 2.1 2.2 17.4 19.4
All sectors (number)
Employees 720,092 720 ,297 293,262 289,327 16,406 16,671 23,636 23,860 159,514 164,382
Hires 101,676 122,128 36,910 43,697 2,231 3,417 2,249 2,937 23,829 29,213
Promotions 46,609 52,446 21,918 24,515 884 882 1,339 1,535 13,559 15,321
Terminations 118,275 122,770 46,286 46,874 2,985 3,360 3,595 4,155 25,498 27,398
Net effect -16,599 -642 -9,376 -3,177 -754 57 -1,346 -1,218 -1,669 1,815
All sectors (percent)
Representation 100.0 100.0 40.7 40.2 2.3 2.3 3.3 3.3 22.2 22.8
Share of hires 100.0 100.0 36.3 35.8 2.2 2.8 2.2 2.4 23.4 23.9
Share of promotions 100.0 100.0 47.0 46.7 1.9 1.7 2.9 2.9 29.1 29.2
Share of terminations 100.0 100.0 39.1 38.2 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.4 21.6 22.3

Sources:
* The number of employees and representation of the designated groups cover permanent full-time, permanent part-time and temporary employees. The hires, promotions, terminations and net effect data cover only permanent full-time and permanent part-time employees.
** The number of employees hired reduced by those terminated.

Table 5: Federally regulated private-sector employees in permanent full-time employment by designated group, gender and salary range as of December 31, 2017

Salary range 		All Employees Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
Total Men Women (%) Total (%) Men Women Total (%) Men Women Total (%) Men Women
Under $15.000 2,411 1,755 656 27.2 116 4.8 79 37 51 2.1 41 10 436 18.1 325 111
$15.000 - $19.999 890 628 262 29.4 48 5.4 40 8 35 3.9 19 16 165 18.5 123 42
$20.000 - $24.999 2,860 1,400 1,460 51.0 97 3.4 51 46 79 2.8 37 42 551 19.3 251 300
$25.000 - $29.999 9,933 4,556 5,377 54.1 328 3.3 163 165 291 2.9 135 156 2,611 26.3 1,304 1,307
$30.000 - $34.999 18,094 8,663 9,431 52.1 576 3.2 255 321 746 4.1 305 441 4,821 26.6 2,367 2,454
$35.000 - $37.499 14,122 7,004 7,118 50.4 351 2.5 182 169 567 4.0 241 326 3,628 25.7 1,823 1,805
$37.500 - $39.999 17,448 8,624 8,824 50.6 458 2.6 239 219 773 4.4 338 435 4,659 26.7 2,217 2,442
$40.000 - $44.999 42,775 22,194 20,581 48.1 928 2.2 472 456 1,559 3.6 712 847 11,234 26.3 5,716 5,518
$45.000 - $49.999 44,032 23,022 21,010 47.7 966 2.2 539 427 1,539 3.5 699 840 11,360 25.8 5,824 5,536
$50.000 - $59.999 101,287 56,890 44,397 43.8 2,372 2.3 1,327 1,045 3,716 3.7 1,829 1,887 23,012 22.7 12,658 10,354
$60.000 - $69.999 88,694 56,677 32,017 36.1 2,076 2.3 1,386 690 2,851 3.2 1,599 1,252 19,030 21.5 11,561 7,469
$70.000 - $84.999 90,005 60,731 29,274 32.5 2,090 2.3 1,525 565 3,010 3.3 1,849 1,161 19,971 22.2 12,592 7,379
$85.000 - $99.999 59,500 39,726 19,774 33.2 1,302 2.2 947 355 1,833 3.1 1,113 720 14,263 24.0 9,006 5,257
$100.000 and over 123,363 89,816 33,547 27.2 2,328 1.9 1,884 444 3,381 2.7 2,298 1,083 25,011 20.3 17,053 7,958
Total 615,414 381,686 233,728 38.0 14,036 2.3 9,089 4,947 20,431 3.3 11,215 9,216 140,752 22.9 82,820 57,932
Table 6: Federally regulated private-sector employees in permanent part-time employment by designated group, gender and salary range as of December 31, 2017

Salary Range 		All employees Aboriginal peoples Persons with disabilities Members of visible minorities
Total Men Women % Total % Men Women Total % Men Women Total % Men Women
Under $5.000 2,682 1,606 1,076 40.1 77 2.9 39 38 69 2.6 42 27 690 25.7 473 217
$5.000 - $7.499 1,731 744 987 57.0 52 3.0 18 34 50 2.9 25 25 303 17.5 166 137
$7.500 - $9.999 2,169 1,025 1,144 52.7 90 4.1 32 58 88 4.1 33 55 374 17.2 228 146
$10.000 - $12.499 6,357 3,373 2,984 46.9 176 2.8 83 93 231 3.6 106 125 1,446 22.7 935 511
$12.500 - $14.999 7,207 3,572 3,635 50.4 152 2.1 64 88 208 2.9 88 120 1,746 24.2 975 771
$15.000 - $17.499 7,303 3,503 3,800 52.0 217 3.0 101 116 250 3.4 94 156 1,918 26.3 1,024 894
$17.500 - $19.999 7,719 3,607 4,112 53.3 257 3.3 128 129 250 3.2 100 150 2,016 26.1 1,074 942
$20.000 - $22.499 7,107 3,059 4,048 57.0 173 2.4 71 102 253 3.6 85 168 1,662 23.4 864 798
$22.500 - $24.999 9,593 5,056 4,537 47.3 265 2.8 117 148 345 3.6 158 187 2,784 29.0 1,856 928
$25.000 - $29.999 13,520 4,979 8,541 63.2 323 2.4 126 197 528 3.9 165 363 3,107 23.0 1,482 1,625
$30.000 - $34.999 10,762 4,227 6,535 60.7 256 2.4 101 155 384 3.6 121 263 2,505 23.3 1,248 1,257
$35.000 - $39.999 7,981 3,346 4,635 58.1 177 2.2 68 109 275 3.4 88 187 1,636 20.5 815 821
$40.000 - $49.999 9,383 4,531 4,852 51.7 196 2.1 72 124 246 2.6 87 159 1,846 19.7 1,058 788
$50.000 and over 5,406 2,701 2,705 50.0 122 2.3 62 60 183 3.4 80 103 935 17.3 554 381
Total 98,920 45,329 53,591 54.2 2,533 2.6 1,082 1,451 3,360 3.4 1,272 2,088 22,968 23.2 12,752 10,216

Appendix B

Technical notes

Employers covered under the Employment Equity Act

The Act covers:

Limitations of the employment equity data

This report provides the most recent information on employment equity data for the federally regulated private sector, with the following limitations:

Page details

Date modified: