Appendix E: Detailed results Self-Employment
Official title: Evaluation of the Labour Market Development Agreements
Table E1. Socio-demographic and labour market characteristics of Self-Employment participants
| Active claimants | Former claimants | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002-2005 | 2007-2008 | 2002-2005 | 2007-2008 | |
| Number of observations | 20,689 | 10,220 | 8,884 | 5,244 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 58% | 50% | 50% | 42% |
| Female | 42% | 49% | 49% | 58% |
| Age | ||||
| Under 25 | 4% | 4% | 4% | 3% |
| 25 to 34 | 30% | 30% | 31% | 33% |
| 35 to 44 | 36% | 32% | 35% | 33% |
| 45 and over | 30% | 33% | 30% | 30% |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married or common-law | 58% | 57% | 54% | 55% |
| Widow/ divorced or separated | 14% | 12% | 14% | 12% |
| Single | 26% | 27% | 28% | 27% |
| Missing data / Unknown | 2% | 4% | 4% | 5% |
| Skills level related to National Occupation Code associated with the last EI claim opened before Self-Employment participation1 | ||||
| Managerial | 12% | 13% | 9% | 11% |
| University | 14% | 10% | 15% | 12% |
| College or apprenticeship training | 37% | 39% | 32% | 33% |
| Secondary or occupational training | 28% | 28% | 31% | 31% |
| On-the-job training | 10% | 10% | 13% | 13% |
| Key labour market indicators in the year preceding the start of participation | ||||
| Earnings2 | $27,719 | $25,8013 | $11,387 | $11,6423 |
| Proportion employed | 98% | 99% | 79% | 82% |
| Proportion on EI | 46% | 49% | 73% | 70% |
| Proportion on SA | 3% | 2% | 9% | 8% |
Proportions may not add up to 100% due to rounding
1 Skill level corresponds to the type and/or amount of training or education typically required to work in the last occupation participants had before opening the last EI claim they had before participating in EBSMs:
- -Managerial: Management occupations
- -University: Occupations usually requiring university education (in other words, University degree at the bachelor's, master's or doctorate level)
- -College or apprenticeship training: Occupations usually requiring college or vocational education or apprenticeship training such as 2 to 3 years of post-secondary education at a community college, institute of technology or CEGEP or 2 to 5 years of apprenticeship training or 3 to 4 years of secondary school and more than 2 years of on-the-job training, specialized training courses or specific work experience and/or occupations with supervisory responsibilities and occupations with significant health and safety responsibilities, such as firefighters, police officers and registered nursing assistants.
- - Secondary or occupational training: Occupations usually requiring secondary school and/or occupation-specific training such as one to four years of secondary school education or up to 2 years of on-the-job training specialized training courses or specific work experience.
- -On-the-job training: On-the-job training is usually provided for occupations (in other words, short work demonstration or on-the-job training or no formal educational requirements).
2 Average earnings for all individuals included in the studies. The average was calculated including participants who reported $0 earnings during that year.
3 Earnings for 2007-2008 participants have been adjusted by the Consumer Price Index published by Statistics Canada, using 2002 as the base year.
Table E2. Incremental impacts for Self-Employment - Active claimants
| Indicators | In-program period | Post-program period | Total in- and post-program | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Program start year | Additional year | 1st year | 2nd year | 3rd year | 4th year | 5th year | Total post | |||||
| Active claimants | ||||||||||||
| 2002-2005 Participants (n= 20,688) | ||||||||||||
| Employment earnings ($) | -9,256*** | -13,863*** | -11,041*** | -9,331*** | -8,376*** | -7,449*** | -6,870*** | -43,066*** | -66,184*** | |||
| Incidence of employment (percentage points) |
-12.4*** | -29.1*** | -21.9*** | -17.4*** | -15.2*** | -13.7*** | -12.3*** | n/a | n/a | |||
| EI benefits ($) | 3,642*** | 1,489*** | -1,304*** | -1,036*** | -809*** | -774*** | -712*** | -4,635*** | 496*** | |||
| EI weeks (weeks) | 9.6*** | 3.7*** | -4*** | -3.1*** | -2.3*** | -2.1*** | -1.9*** | -13.4*** | -0.1 | |||
| SA benefits ($) | -13 | -52*** | -19 | -21 | -45*** | -40*** | -41*** | -167*** | -232*** | |||
| Dependence on income support (percentage points) | 24.2*** | 22.5*** | -5.2*** | -4.9*** | -3.6** | -3.5** | -3.3** | n/a | n/a | |||
| 2007-2008 Participants (n=10,220) | ||||||||||||
| Employment earnings ($) | -10,325*** | -14,571*** | -11,412*** | -9,929*** | -9,375*** | n/a | n/a | -30,708*** | -55,590*** | |||
| Incidence of employment (percentage points) |
-12.8*** | -28.7*** | -22.7*** | -18.3*** | -16.1*** | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||
| EI benefits ($) | 2,463*** | -999*** | -2,038*** | -1,473*** | -1,172*** | n/a | n/a | -4,682*** | -3,218*** | |||
| EI weeks (weeks) | 5.7*** | -3.2*** | -5.7*** | -4.0*** | -3.1*** | n/a | n/a | -12.7*** | -10.3*** | |||
| SA benefits ($) | -1 | -92*** | -83*** | -73*** | -93*** | n/a | n/a | -249*** | -343*** | |||
| Dependence on income support (percentage points) | 22.9*** | 6.1*** | -10.3*** | -7.5*** | -5.7*** | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||
| Sub-groups of active claimants | ||||||||||||
| Youth (below 30 years old) – 2002-2005 participants (n=3,420) | ||||||||||||
| Employment earnings ($) | -7,781*** | -11,955*** | -9,609*** | -8,685*** | -7,985*** | -7,313*** | -7,148*** | -40,741*** | -60,477*** | |||
| Incidence of employment (percentage points) |
-11*** | -29*** | -20*** | -18.2*** | -16.1*** | -14.4*** | -12.9*** | n/a | n/a | |||
| EI benefits ($) | 3,192*** | 881*** | -1,529*** | -1,199*** | -913*** | -787*** | -832*** | -5,259*** | -1,187*** | |||
| EI weeks (weeks) | 8.8*** | 2.1*** | -4.6*** | -3.4*** | -2.4*** | -2.1*** | -2.2*** | -14.8*** | -3.9*** | |||
| SA benefits ($) | -3 | -67*** | -47** | -44* | -47** | -38 | -57** | -233** | -303** | |||
| Dependence on income support (percentage points) | 24*** | 19.9*** | -6.7*** | -5.6*** | -3.6*** | -3.3 | -3.4*** | n/a | n/a | |||
| Older workers (55 years old and over) – 2002-2005 participants (n=1,480) | ||||||||||||
| Employment earnings ($) | -6,541*** | -8,612*** | -5,826*** | -4,222*** | -3,097*** | -1,827*** | -1,109 | -16,081*** | -31,234*** | |||
| Incidence of employment (percentage points) |
-9.6*** | -20*** | -13.8*** | -9.2*** | -7.6*** | -5.2*** | -0.3 | n/a | n/a | |||
| EI benefits ($) | 3,251*** | 1,490*** | -1,022*** | -801*** | -619*** | -499*** | -318** | -3,259*** | 1,482** | |||
| EI weeks (weeks) | 8.5*** | 3.8*** | -3.2*** | -2.5*** | -1.7*** | -1.4*** | -0.6** | -9.4*** | 3 | |||
| SA benefits ($) | -87*** | -61** | -33 | 38 | -29 | -56* | -56* | -136 | -283 | |||
| Dependence on income support (percentage points) | 18.7*** | 18.3*** | -5.1*** | -3.8*** | -3.9*** | -3.2*** | -2.3** | n/a | n/a | |||
| Long-tenured workers - 2007-2009 participants (n=6,352) | ||||||||||||
| Employment earnings ($) | -12,681*** | -18,320*** | -15,787*** | -14,217*** | -13,010*** | n/a | n/a | -43,014*** | -74,014*** | |||
| Incidence of employment (percentage points) |
-11.9*** | -30.4*** | -25.1*** | -21.5*** | -18.6*** | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||
| EI benefits ($) | 3,694*** | 270*** | -1,370*** | -959*** | -673*** | n/a | n/a | -3,002*** | 962*** | |||
| EI weeks (weeks) | 8.2*** | 0.0*** | -3.6*** | -2.5*** | -1.7*** | n/a | n/a | -7.8*** | 0.5*** | |||
| SA benefits ($) | -3 | -49*** | -54*** | -43*** | -61*** | n/a | n/a | -158*** | -210*** | |||
| Dependence on income support (percentage points) | 25.4*** | 14.9*** | -6.0*** | -4.5*** | -3.2*** | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | |||
Significance level *** 1%; ** 5%; * 10%
Table E3. Incremental impacts for Self-Employment - Former claimants
| Indicators | In-program period | Post-program period | Total in- and post-program | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Program start year | Additional year | 1st year | 2nd year | 3rd year | 4th year | 5th year | Total post | ||
| Former claimants | |||||||||
| 2002-2005 Participants (n=8,882) | |||||||||
| Employment earnings ($) | -5,944*** | -8,683*** | -7,121*** | -5,978*** | -5,448*** | -4,886*** | -4,506*** | -27,939*** | -42,567*** |
| Incidence of employment (percentage points) |
-22.7*** | -25.6*** | -18.4*** | -15*** | -12*** | -11*** | -9.8*** | n/a | n/a |
| EI benefits ($) | 708*** | -696*** | -736*** | -521*** | -360*** | -344*** | -381*** | -2,341*** | -2,329*** |
| EI weeks (weeks) | 1.8*** | -2.4*** | -2.4*** | -1.5*** | -1*** | -0.9*** | -0.9*** | -6.8*** | -7.4*** |
| SA benefits ($) | -479*** | -439*** | -253*** | -231*** | -194*** | -207*** | -206*** | -1,092*** | -2,010*** |
| Dependence on income support (percentage points) | 11.2*** | -7.8*** | -7.3*** | -5.4*** | -4*** | -3.6*** | -3.9*** | n/a | n/a |
| 2007-2008 Participants (n=5,244) | |||||||||
| Employment earnings ($) | -7,220*** | -9,766*** | -7,610*** | -6,655*** | -6,904*** | n/a | n/a | -21,162*** | -38,155*** |
| Incidence of employment (percentage points) |
-23.0*** | -26.0*** | -18.3*** | -14.9*** | -13.1*** | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| EI benefits ($) | 698*** | -1,004*** | -1,163*** | -689*** | -551*** | n/a | n/a | -2,403*** | -2,709*** |
| EI weeks (weeks) | 1.8*** | -3.0*** | -3.4*** | -1.9*** | -1.4*** | n/a | n/a | -6.7*** | -7.9*** |
| SA benefits ($) | -478*** | -508*** | -364*** | -365*** | -314*** | n/a | n/a | -1,042*** | -2,028*** |
| Dependence on income support (percentage points) | 11.2*** | -8.7*** | -9.8*** | -6.9*** | -5.6*** | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Sub-groups of former claimants | |||||||||
| Youth (below 30 years old) – 2002-2005 participants (n=1,528) | |||||||||
| Employment earnings ($) | -6,197*** | -8,484*** | -6,604*** | -5,301*** | -5,231*** | -4,934*** | -4,588*** | -26,658*** | -41,339*** |
| Incidence of employment (percentage points) |
-22.9*** | -27.3*** | -18.8*** | -13.6*** | -12*** | -12.6*** | -11.3*** | n/a | n/a |
| EI benefits ($) | 673*** | -716*** | -786*** | -531*** | -367*** | -461*** | -460*** | -2,605*** | -2,648*** |
| EI weeks (weeks) | 1.8*** | -2.9*** | -3*** | -1.9*** | -1.4*** | -1.6*** | -1.6*** | -9.5*** | -10.6*** |
| SA benefits ($) | -535*** | -498*** | -301*** | -237*** | -231*** | -262*** | -227*** | -1,259*** | -2,292*** |
| Dependence on income support (percentage points) | 8.8*** | -8.8*** | -9*** | -5.6*** | -4*** | -4*** | -3.7*** | n/a | n/a |
| Older workers (55 years old and over) – 2002-2005 participants (n=616) | |||||||||
| Employment earnings ($) | -4,287*** | -6,208*** | -4,535*** | -3,546*** | -2,153*** | -553 | 139 | -10,647*** | -21,142*** |
| Incidence of employment (percentage points) |
-19.8*** | -19.3*** | -10.7*** | -8*** | -2.6 | 0.1 | 0.8 | n/a | n/a |
| EI benefits ($) | 1,018*** | -594*** | -495*** | -267** | -138 | -216* | -3 | -1,119*** | -695 |
| EI weeks (weeks) | 1.5*** | -2.3*** | -1.8*** | -0.9** | -0.6 | -0.7* | -0.1 | -4.2** | -5** |
| SA benefits ($) | -395*** | -386*** | -333*** | -322*** | -289*** | -248*** | -187*** | -1,379*** | -2,160*** |
| Dependence on income support (percentage points) | 12*** | -7.5*** | -6.9*** | -5.1*** | -5.2*** | -5.2*** | -3.1*** | n/a | n/a |
| Long-tenured workers - 2007-2009 participants (n=1,835) | |||||||||
| Employment earnings ($) | -8,833*** | -12,363*** | -9,933*** | -8,552*** | -8,694*** | n/a | n/a | -27,177*** | -48,370*** |
| Incidence of employment (percentage points) |
-23.3*** | -26.8*** | -20.4*** | -16.5*** | -16.0*** | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| EI benefits ($) | 1,056*** | -946*** | -1,066*** | -713*** | -589*** | n/a | n/a | -2,367*** | -2,256*** |
| EI weeks (weeks) | 2.4*** | -2.4*** | -2.8*** | -1.7*** | -1.2*** | n/a | n/a | -5.7*** | -5.6*** |
| SA benefits ($) | -385*** | -371*** | -279*** | -179*** | -216*** | n/a | n/a | -674*** | -1,429*** |
| Dependence on income support (percentage points) | 13.4*** | -5.1*** | -6.9*** | -4.4*** | -3.2*** | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Significance level *** 1%; ** 5%; * 10%
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