Appearance before the Senate Committee on Energy, the Environment and Natural Resources – June 9, 2021

Tab 1: Bill C-12: Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act

An Act respecting transparency and accountability in Canada’s efforts to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by the year 2050 (see Parliament of Canada, Bill C-12, First Reading)

Tab 2: Opening remarks

Thank you for the invitation to discuss Bill C-12, the Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act. I would start by thanking Senators for undertaking a timely examination of this Bill. With the climate crisis before us, we cannot afford to wait.

Over 120 countries have already made a commitment to net-zero by 2050, including our biggest trading partner south of the border. Major Canadian companies have also made this commitment.

As I have said, I remain open to constructive amendments that will further strengthen C-12. I look forward to the Senate’s work in this regard. I remain committed to a cooperation and collaboration approach. That is how the Parliamentary process should work and I firmly believe that is what Canadians expect of their elected representatives.

Recently, the members of the House of Commons’ Committee on the Environment and Sustainable Development adopted several amendments to Bill C-12, which is the version presented before you today.

Bill C-12 codifies the Government’s commitment for Canada to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 by setting national greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets at five-year intervals starting in 2030. It also creates a detailed accountability and transparency regime to ensure that we methodically plan, report, and course correct on our way to net zero.

With the amendments passed by the House of Commons, the targets are to be set by the Minister of the Environment ten years ahead of the milestone year instead of five years. In setting the targets, the Bill now requires that the Minister will have to take into consideration the best scientific information available, Canada’s international commitments with respect to climate change, Indigenous knowledge and submissions provided by the Net-Zero Advisory Body. Within one year of setting the targets for 2035 and beyond, the Minister will have to publish a high-level description of the key greenhouse gas reduction measures the Government intends to take to achieve the target. This is meant to ensure that the planning begins immediately and is updated on an ongoing basis.

To ensure we meet our targets, these high level plans ten years out must be turned into a full emissions reduction plan at least five years before each milestone year.

Bill C-12 also requires the Minister of the Environment to develop each plan with the ultimate objective of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. With the amendments of the House, the Minister will have to take into account the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the advice provided by the Net-Zero Advisory Body when establishing a plan. As well, as advice from the Advisory Body, the Bill provides for broad consultation, including within the federal government, on targets and plans to make sure that all perspectives are taken into account and we are all acting together to achieve net zero by 2050.

The amended Bill C-12 before you now provides additional obligations on the Minister of the Environment for action before 2030. The plan for the 2030 milestone year must now include an interim greenhouse gas emissions objective for 2026. While this objective is not a new target, the plan will include measures to attain that 2026 objective.

For each target, two types of reports will be prepared: progress reports and assessment reports. Progress reports will provide an update on Canada’s progress in implementing its plan to achieve the target for the relevant milestone year. In this report, the Minister must include, among other things, Canada’s most recent published annual greenhouse gas emissions projections for the upcoming milestone year and if such projections indicate that a target will not be met, there must be details on any additional measures that could be taken to increase the probability of achieving the target.

Because of amendments made in the House, the Minister will also have to prepare three progress reports for the 2030 milestone year. These will provide regular updates both on progress towards our 2030 target and towards the interim 2026 objective.

Assessment reports, on the other hand, will explain whether the most recent target was achieved. If Canada fails to achieve a target, the Minister must explain why and must include a description of actions the Government will take to address the failed target.

In addition to the accountability provided by setting targets and planning in an open, consultative process, Bill C-12 includes specific measures for third parties to hold the Government to account. The Commissioner of Environment and Sustainable Development must regularly examine and report on the Government’s implementation of the climate change mitigation measures, including those undertaken to achieve each target. The CESD’s first report will be due no later than the end of 2024.

The Bill establishes the Net-Zero Advisory Body, consisting of up to 15 members. Pursuant to amendments made to Bill C-12 by the House of Commons, the Minister must consider, when recommending appointments to the Governor in Council, the need for the Body as a whole to have expertise in or knowledge of climate change science, Indigenous knowledge, relevant physical and social sciences, climate change and climate change policy, energy supply and demand and relevant technologies. This advisory body will provide independent advice to the Minister with respect to achieving net-zero by 2050, including advice on targets and emissions reduction plans. The advisory body must submit an annual report to the Minister. The Minister must publish and publicly respond to their advice within specified timelines.

All of these planning and reporting requirements in Bill C-12 are in addition to our existing reporting requirements under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. My department has developed a chart outlining the full suite of reporting requirements and transparency mechanisms. We will provide that chart to you.

The year 2030 is fast approaching. Recognizing the scientific imperative for early and ambitious decarbonisation action in order to maximize our chances to keep global temperature increases as low as possible, we announced a new 2030 target of 40-45% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions at the Leaders Summit on Climate in April. Measures announced in Budget 2021, along with ongoing work with our American colleagues on issues including transportation and methane, will help us achieve this target.

By putting our climate obligations into law, the Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act will ensure that governments are accountable for, and transparent about, their actions to combat climate change. Bill C-12 will require all future governments to table strong climate plans, based on science, to address the threat of climate change.

Canadians are counting on us to have constructive discussions to strengthen this legislation. But they are also looking for us to enshrine the commitment to net zero by 2050 and a pathways to get there, in law. I look forward to the robust discussion on Bill C-12 in the Senate, but also hope this legislation will be moved forward as expeditiously as possible.

Thank you.

Tab 3: Clause-by-clause of Bill C-12

Preamble

The preamble

Clause 1: Short title

Section 1 makes the short title of the Act the Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act.

Clause 2: Definitions

The definitions under section 2 apply to the Act.

Convention
The term “Convention” means the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which was adopted in New York on May 9, 1992.
emissions reduction plan
The term “emissions reduction plan” means a plan established under subsection 9(1) for achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, or for achieving the target set for each milestone year.
Indigenous knowledge
The term “Indigenous knowledge” refers to the Indigenous knowledge of the Indigenous peoples of Canada.
Indigenous peoples of Canada
The term “Indigenous peoples of Canada” refers to the definition of Aboriginal peoples of Canada in subsection 35(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982.
milestone year
The term “milestone year” refers to the years 2030, 2035, 2040 and 2045.
Minister
The term “Minister” means the Minister of the Environment unless another federal minister is designated by order of the Governor in Council to be the Minister responsible for this Act under section 5.
net-zero emissions
The term “net-zero emissions” means the state where greenhouse gas emissions released to the atmosphere that originate from human activities (i.e., anthropogenic) and are balanced by human-generated removals of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere over a specified period.

Clause 3: Binding on her Majesty

Section 3 indicates that the Act is binding on her Majesty in right of Canada. Therefore, all the requirements in the Act, including the requirements in regulations made under the Act, may apply to the federal government.

Clause 4: Purpose

Section 4 states the purpose of the Act, which is to require the setting of national targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions based on best available science and to promote transparency, accountability and immediate and ambitious action in relation to meeting those targets. More generally, the purpose of this Act is to support Canada’s efforts in achieving net-zero emissions in Canada by 2050 and in carrying out its international commitments with respect to mitigating climate change.

Clause 5: Minister

Section 5 allows the Governor in Council to designate by order any federal minister to be the “Minister” referred to in this Act.

Clause 6: Target – 2050

Section 6 provides that the national greenhouse gas emissions target for the year 2050 is net‑zero emissions.

Clause 6.1: For greater certainty

Section 6.1 clarifies that nothing in this Act precludes Canada from achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions before the year 2050.

Clause 7: Targets – milestone years; progression; target – 2030; Paris Agreement

Section 7 sets out the Minister of the Environment’s obligations in relation to setting targets for milestones years (i.e. 2030, 2035, 2040 and 2045).

Subsection 7(1) requires the Minister of the Environment to set national greenhouse gas emissions target for each milestone year (i.e. 2030, 2035, 2040 and 2045) with a view to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

Subsection 7(1.1) requires that each greenhouse gas emissions target must represent a progression beyond the previous one. For instance, the greenhouse emissions target for the 2035 milestone year must represent a progression from the target for the 2030 milestone year.

Subsection 7(2) provides that the national greenhouse gas emissions target for the 2030 milestone year is Canada’s nationally determined contribution for that year, as communicated to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change under the Paris Agreement, as amended from time to time.

Subsection 7(3) requires that each greenhouse gas emissions target must be as ambitious as Canada’s most recent nationally determined contribution communicated to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, under the Paris Agreement.

Subsection 7(4) provides that the Minister of the Environment must set the subsequent targets to 2030 (i.e. 2035, 2040 and 2045) at least ten years before the beginning of the milestone year to which it relates. For instance, the Minister of the Environment must set the target for the year 2035 by December 31, 2024. This does not preclude setting the targets sooner.

Subsection 7(5) provides that within one year after a greenhouse gas emissions target is set for a milestone year after 2030 (i.e. 2035, 2040, 2045), the Minister of the Environment must publish a high level description, similar to Canada’s nationally determined contribution under the Paris Agreement, of the key greenhouse gas emissions reduction measures the Government of Canada intends to take to achieve that target, and the latest projections of the annual greenhouse gas emissions, taking into account the combined impact of those measures in the period between the publication of the description and the milestone year in question.

Clause 8: Setting national greenhouse gas emissions targets

Section 8 provides that the Minister of the Environment must take into account the following when setting a greenhouse gas emissions target:

Clause 9: Emissions reduction plans, 2030 plan, extension, subsequent plans

Section 9 sets out the Minister of Environment’s obligations in relation to developing emissions reduction plans.

Subsection 9(1) requires the Minister of the Environment to establish a greenhouse gas emissions reduction for achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 and for each target set under each milestone year (i.e. 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045).

Subsection 9(2) requires the Minister of the Environment to establish an emissions reduction plan for achieving the target set for 2030 within six months of the day on which the Act comes into force (i.e., upon Royal Assent).

Subsection 9(2.1) provides that the emissions reduction plan for 2030 must include an interim greenhouse gas emissions objective for 2026.

Subsection 9(3) allows the Minister to extend the six-month deadline in subsection 9(2) by 90 days by publishing a decision containing reasons for the extension.

Subsection 9(4) provides that the Minister of the Environment must establish an emissions reduction plan for the years 2035, 2040, 2045 and 2050 at least five years before the beginning of the milestone year to which it relates. In other words, the Minister of Environment must finalize the emissions reduction plan for the 2035 target by December 31, 2029.

Subsection 9(5) states the Minister of the Environment must, when establishing a greenhouse gas emissions reduction plan, take into account:

Clause 10: Emissions reduction plans – content; explanation; other information

Section 10 sets out the information that must be included in an emissions reduction plan.

Subsection 10(1) provides that the plan must contain the following:

Subsection 10(2) provides that the emissions reduction plan must also explain how the greenhouse emissions target, the key measures and the strategies included in the plan will contribute to Canada achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Subsection 10(3) provides an emissions reduction plan may contain any other information that is relevant to the plan or to the purposes of the Act, including initiatives or other measures undertaken by governments of provinces and territories, Indigenous peoples, municipal governments or the private sector that may contribute to the achievement of the greenhouse emission target.

For instance, this could include but is not limited to: emission reduction policies and programs; commitments to net-zero emissions (e.g., from provincial or territorial governments, Indigenous peoples, municipal governments and the private sector); and clean technologies expected to make an impact toward net-zero.

Clause 11: Amendments (to emissions reduction plans or targets)

Section 11 provides that the Minister of the Environment may amend an emissions target or an emissions reduction plan as long as the changes being made are consistent with the purposes of the Act, such as making the change to incorporate the latest scientific information in a transparent and accountable manner and with a view to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions in Canada by 2050.

Clause 12: Other ministers

Section 12 provides that, when developing or amending an emissions reduction plan for achieving a greenhouse gas emissions target, the Minister of Environment must consult with the other federal ministers that have duties and functions relating to the measures that may be taken to achieve that target.

For instance, if federal measures relate to natural resource sectors, the Minister of the Environment would be expected to consult with the Minister of Natural Resources; if measures pertain to the transportation sector, the Minister of the Environment would be expected to consult with the Minister of Transport.

Clause 13: Public participation

Section 13 provides that the Minister of Environment must, when setting or amending a national greenhouse gas emissions targets or an emissions reduction plans, provide the following parties with an opportunity to make submissions in a manner that the Minister considers appropriate:

For instance, these opportunities could be both virtual (e.g., webpage, webinar, social media) or in-person (e.g., meetings, roundtables, assemblies), and may be pursued through existing structures or forums, as appropriate, particularly when engaging Indigenous peoples.

Clause 13.1: Report

Subsection 13.1 requires the Minister of the Environment to publish on a Government of Canada website, and by other means that the Minister considers appropriate, a report on the results of the consultations carried out when setting or amending a national greenhouse gas emissions targets or an emissions reduction plans.

Clause 14: Progress reports – content; first progress reports; 2025 progress report

Section 14 focuses on the Minister of the Environment’s obligations in relation to progress reports, which are intended to provide an update on progress made by the federal government in implementing its emission reduction plan prior to a year to which a greenhouse gas emissions target applies.

Subsection 14(1) explains the timing for the preparation of the progress report. The Minister of the Environment must, in consultation with other federal ministers that have duties and functions relating to the measures to achieve the targets, prepare at least one progress report no later than two years prior to the beginning of a milestone year or 2050, as the case may be. For instance, for the 2035 milestone year, the Minister of the Environment must prepare at least one progress report no later than December 31, 2032.

Subsection 14(1.1) requires the Minister of the Environment to prepare three progress reports in relation to the 2030 target, in consultation with the other federal ministers having duties and functions relating to the measures to mitigate climate change. The first report must be prepared by no later than the end of 2023, the second by no later than the end of 2025, and the third by no later than the end of 2027.

Subsection 14(1.2) provides that the 2025 interim progress report must contain an assessment of the 2030 greenhouse gas emissions target, based on the most recent developments in science, technology and greenhouse gas emissions management. Subsection 14(1.2) also requires the Minister of the Environment to consider whether the target should be changed, based on those developments.

Subsection 14(2) sets outs the required content for a progress report:

Subsection 14(3) provides that any progress report relating to the milestone year 2030 (i.e. the 2023, 2025 and 2027 progress reports) must include an update on the progress that has been made towards achieving the interim greenhouse gas emissions objective for 2026.

Clause 15: Assessments reports – content

Section 15 focuses on the Minister of the Environment’s obligations in relation to assessment reports, which are intended to provide a review of the year to which a greenhouse gas emissions target applied.

Subsection 15(1) states that the Minister of the Environment must, in consultation with other federal ministers that have duties and functions relating to the measures to achieve the targets, prepare an assessment report for a milestone year no later than 30 days after the day on which Canada submits its official greenhouse gas emission inventory report in accordance with the Convention for that particular milestone year or 2050, as the case may be.

For instance, under the current UNFCCC rules and deadlines, Canada would submit its official greenhouse gas inventory report in relation to 2030 by April 15, 2032. Assuming the official inventory report is submitted on April 15, 2032, the Minister of the Environment would be required to complete the assessment report required under the Act no later than May 15, 2032.

Subsection 15(2) sets out the content requirements for the assessment report:

Clause 16: Failure to achieve target

Section 16 imposes an additional obligation on the Minister of the Environment in the event that Canada fails to meet its national greenhouse gas emissions target for a milestone year or for 2050. In consultation with other federal ministers that have duties and functions relating to the measures to achieve the targets, the assessment report must include the following information if the national greenhouse gas emissions target was not met:

Clause 17: Publication of target

Section 17 enables the Minister of the Environment to publish the national greenhouse gas emissions target before the Minister tables the emissions reduction plan, which will include the target, in each House of Parliament for the milestone year to which it relates.

Clause 18: Tabling – emissions reduction plans, amendments; progress and assessment reports

Section 18 provides that the Minister must table in each House of Parliament each emissions reduction plan, amendment to an emissions reduction plan, progress report and assessment report. The Minister must do so within the first 15 days on which each House is sitting after the day on which the document or amendment is completed.

For instance, if the Minister of the Environment completes the 2035 emissions reduction plan on December 31, 2029, the plan would have to be tabled in the House of Commons and in the Senate within the first 15 sitting days of 2030 for each respective House.

Clause 19: Publication – Emissions reduction plans; amendments; progress and assessment reports

Section 19 clarifies the Minister of the Environment’s obligation to make available to the public each emissions reduction plan, amendment to a greenhouse gas emissions target, amendment to an emissions reduction plan, progress report and assessment report.

The Minister must do so in a manner they consider appropriate and as soon as feasible after a document or amendment is tabled in either House of Parliament.

Clause 20: Net-Zero Advisory Body – establishment; mandate; engagement activities; terms of reference

Subsection 20(1) provides for the creation of an advisory body entitled the Net-Zero Advisory Body. It also states that the mandate of the Net-Zero Advisory Body is to provide the Minister with independent advice with respect to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, including advice respecting:

Subsection 20(1.1) provides that the Net-Zero Advisory Body’s mandate also includes conducting engagement activities related to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.

Subsection 20(2) provides authority for the Minister of the Environment to determine and amend the terms of reference of the Net-Zero Advisory Body. In addition, this subsection requires the Minister of the Environment to make any terms of reference or amendments to those terms available to the public.

Clause 21: Net-Zero Advisory Body – appointment and remuneration of members; composition; co-chairs; reimbursement of expenses; deemed employment

Section 21 provides for the appointment process and criteria governing the members of the Net-Zero Advisory Body and its composition, including the designation of co-chairs. It also sets out the members’ employment status and provides for reimbursement of member’s expenses.

Subsection 21(1) provides that the members of the Net-Zero Advisory Body will be appointed by the Governor in Council based on the recommendation of the Minister of the Environment and that the Governor in Council will fix the members’ remuneration.

Subsection 21(1.1) requires the Minister of the Environment, when making a recommendation to the Governor in Council, to consider the need for the Net-Zero Advisory Body as a whole to have expertise in, or knowledge of:

Subsection 21(2) provides that the Net-Zero Advisory Body is composed of no more than fifteen members, all of whom are appointed on a part-time basis for a renewable term of up to three years.

Subsection 21(3) provides that the Governor in Council designate the co-chairs of the Net-Zero Advisory Body on the recommendation of the Minister of the Environment.

Subsection 21(4) provides that the members of the Net-Zero Advisory Body are entitled to be reimbursed in accordance with Treasury Board directives for the travel, living and other expenses incurred, in connection with their work for the Net-Zero Advisory Body, while absent from their ordinary place of residence.

Subsection 21(5) states that the members of the Net-Zero Advisory Body are deemed to be federal public administration employees for the purposes of the Government Employees Compensation Act and any regulations made under section 9 of the Aeronautics Act.

Clause 22: Net-Zero Advisory Body – report; factors; Minister’s response

Section 22 sets the Net-Zero Advisory Body’s duties with respect to reporting and the Minister of the Environment’s responsibility to consider and respond to the Net-Zero Advisory Body’s advice related to achieving a greenhouse gas emissions target.

Subsection 22(1) states that the Net-Zero Advisory Body must submit an annual report to the Minister of the Environment detailing its advice and activities for the previous year, including setting out the result of its engagement activities.

Subsection 22(1.1) requires the Net-Zero Advisory Body, when providing its advice and preparing its report, to take into account a range of factors, to the extent they are relevant to the purpose of the Act, including environmental, economic, social and technological, and the best available scientific information and knowledge, including Indigenous knowledge, respecting climate change.

Subsection 22(2) requires the Minister of the Environment to make the Net-Zero Advisory Body’s annual report available to the public within 30 days of receiving it. In addition, within 120 days of receiving that report, the Minister of the Environment must publicly respond to matters with respect to targets, including a target that is recommended by the Net-Zero Advisory Body if the Minister of the Environment has set a target that is different from it, emissions reduction plans and any matter referred to it by the Minister of the Environment.

Clause 23: Minister of Finance – annual report

Section 23 states that the Minister of Finance, in cooperation with the Minister of Environment, must publish an annual report describing the key measures that the federal public administration has taken to manage its financial risks and opportunities related to climate change.

Clause 24: Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development – report; recommendations; submission; first report

Section 24 focuses on the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development’s role in reviewing federal government actions on climate change mitigation.

Subsection 24(1) requires the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development to, at least once every five years, examine and report on the Government of Canada’s implementation of the measures aimed at mitigating climate change, including those undertaken to achieving its most recent greenhouse gas emissions target as identified in the relevant emission assessment report.

Subsection 24(2) provides that the report completed by the Commissioner of Environment and Sustainable Development may include recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the Government of Canada’s implementation of the measures with respect to climate change mitigation that it has committed to undertake in an emissions reduction plan.

Subsection 24(3) provides that the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development’s report should be integrated as part of the next annual report the Commissioner makes to Parliament concerning anything in relation to environmental and other aspects of sustainable development, as per subsection 23(2) of the Auditor General Act.

Subsection 24(4) provides that the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development’s first report must be submitted no later than the end of 2024.

Clause 25: Methodology

Section 25 provides that the methodology used to report on Canada’s greenhouse emissions for each milestone year and for 2050 must be consistent with the methodology used by Canada in its official national greenhouse gas inventory report to the Convention unless a regulation is made under section 25 that indicates otherwise.

Clause 26: Regulations; international standards

Subsection 26(1) gives the Governor in Council regulation-making authority under the Act, such as

Subsection 26(2) provides that any regulation by the Governor in Council on matters listed above must align with the international standards to which Canada adheres.

Clause 27: Statutory Instruments Act

Section 27 states that the emissions reduction plans, the progress reports and the assessment reports, any ministerial decision made under subsections 7(3) and 9(3), and terms of reference made under subsection 20(2) are not statutory instruments for the purposes of the Statutory Instruments Act. Hence, the requirements under the Statutory Instruments Act do not apply to them.

Clause 28: Auditor General Act

Consequential Amendment to the Auditor General Act

This Clause adds section 21.2 to the Auditor General Act in order to ensure that the Commissioner of Environment and Sustainable Development has the mandate to carry out its functions under section 24 of the Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act.

Clause 29: Coming into force

This clause states that clause 23 (section 23 of the Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act) will come into force on a day fixed by order of the Governor in Council. All other clauses under the Act will come into force upon Royal Assent.

Tab 4: Backgrounders

Net-Zero Advisory Body – General context

Issue

Points to register

Background – current Net-Zero Avisory Body

Net-Zero Advisory Body – Terms of reference

(Net-Zero Advisory Body – published on February 26, 2021)

Context

Mandate

Deliverables

Lines of inquiry

Considerations

Engagement, analysis, and research activities

Membership

Secretariat

Reporting, accountability, and transparency

Travel and expenses

Operating procedures

Conflict of interest

A Healthy Environment and a Healthy Economy

Issue

Points to register

Background

Additional measures

Next steps

Canada’s Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution

Issue

Points to register

Canada accountability and transparency planning and reporting documents ecosystem

Overview of reports and documents described below – click image to enlarge
Text version: Overview of reports and documents

Minister of Environment and Climate Change’s Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act (CNZEAA)

2021

2023

2024

2025

2027

2029

2030

2032

  • 2035 Progress ReportFootnote 3 
  • 2030 Assessment Report 30 days after 2030 National Inventory Report (NIR)Footnote 4

2034

2035

Advisory body’s CNZEAA

2020–2035

Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development’s CNZEAA

2024, 2029

Greenhouse gas emissions projections

2020–2035

Minister of Environment and Climate Change’s obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

2020–2035

2021, 2025, 2030, 2035

2020

2022

  • Biennial Report and National CommunicationFootnote 3

2024

2026

  • Biennial Transparency Report and National CommunicationFootnote 3

2028

2030

  • Biennial Transparency Report and National CommunicationFootnote 3

2032

2034

  • Biennial Transparency Report and National CommunicationFootnote 3

Minister of Environment and Climate Change’s obligations under the Pan Canadian Framework

2020–2035

Minister of Environment and Climate Change’s obligations under the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy (FSDS)

2022, 2026, 2030, 2034

2023

2027

2031

2035

Minister of Environment and Climate Change’s obligations under the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act

2020–2035

2022

National Resources Canada’s Canada in a Changing Climate initiative

2020–2022

  • Series of reports, including from regional perspectives, in collaboration with federal departmentsFootnote 4

Tab 5: Key messages

Tab 6: Questions and answers

Q1. What does the Act do?

Supplemental: General Context

Supplemental: Advisory Body

Q2. What are carbon budgets? Why were they not included in the Act?

Supplemental: Provincial Carbon Budgets

Q3. Why will the first target be set for 2030? Would it not have been more appropriate to set for 2025, as there is currently a lack of government accountability between 2021 and 2030?

Supplemental: International Reporting

Q4. Why are the targets and emissions reduction plans not set earlier?

Q5. Why isn’t the 2030 target set directly in the Act?

Q6. What is Canada’s current 2030 target under the Paris Agreement and what impact will the Act have on the target?

Q7. Two Private Member’s Bills (PMBs) were submitted to Parliament with similar objectives, Bill C-215 and Bill C-232. Why did the Government not support them?

Q8. Is the federal government imposing targets on the provinces and territories?

Supplemental:

Q9. Why is the Act not addressing measures taken by provinces and territories?

Q10. What are the economic and environmental risks to Canada if there is no net-zero legislation?

Q11. What cost will the Act have on households and businesses? How much will this Act cost Canadian taxpayers?

Supplemental:

Q12. Why are there no consequences for the federal government if the targets are not met? Why does this Act lack accountability measures and is not aligned with stronger legislation like the United Kingdom’s Climate Change Act?

Supplemental: UK’s legislation

Q13. Why didn’t the Government of Canada act sooner? Isn’t 2050 too late?

Q14. Why is there no legal framework on the Advisory Body’s composition, role and independence?

Q15. Why did you choose to appoint the members of the Advisory Body prior to the enactment of C-12 and without consulting Parliament?

Q16. What will be included in the Government’s annual climate disclosure report?

Q17. What are the similarities and differences between the UK Climate Change Act and the Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act (CNZEAA)?

The UK Climate Change Act:

Q18. What are the similarities and differences between the NZ Climate Change Response Act 2002 and the Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act (CNZEAA)?

The NZ Climate Change Response Act:

Q19. How many jurisdictions have established legislation on achieving net zero by 2050 and GHG emissions targets?

Supplemental: G7

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