Unaudited financial statements for the period ending March 31, 2022, Environment and Climate Change Canada, chapter 6

Notes to the Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Authority and objectives

Environment and Climate Change Canada was established under Department of the Environment Act. Under this Act, the powers, duties and functions of the Minister of the Environment and Climate Change Canada extend to and include matters relating to:

• The preservation and enhancement of the quality of the natural environment (including water, air and soil quality);
• Renewable resources, including migratory birds and other non-domestic flora and fauna;
• Water;
• Meteorology;
• Enforcement of any rules or regulations made by the International Joint Commission relating to boundary waters; and
• Coordination of the policies and programs of the Government of Canada respecting the preservation and enhancement of the quality of the natural environment.

Environment and Climate Change Canada delivers its mandate by promoting the four (4) following Core Responsibilities:

• Taking Action on Clean Growth and Climate Change
  Through engagement with other federal departments and agencies, provinces, territories, Indigenous Peoples, and other stakeholders, and external experts, the Department will support and coordinate the implementation of the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change (PCF); work to reduce Canadian greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; drive clean growth; develop regulatory instruments; support businesses and Canadians to adapt and become more resilient to climate change; and contribute to international climate change actions to increase global benefits.
• Preventing and Managing Pollution
  Collaborate with provinces, territories, Indigenous peoples and others to develop and administer environmental standards, guidelines, regulations and other risk management instruments to reduce releases and monitor levels of contaminants in air, water and soil; and promote and enforce compliance with environmental laws and regulations.
• Conserving Nature
  Protect and recover species at risk and their critical habitat; conserve and protect healthy populations of migratory birds; engage and enable provinces and territories, Indigenous Peoples, stakeholders, and the public to increase protected areas and contribute to conservation and stewardship activities; expand and manage the Department’s protected areas; and collaborate with domestic and international partners to advance the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable development.
• Predicting Weather and Environmental Conditions
  Monitor weather, water, air quality and climate conditions; provide forecasts, information and warnings to the Canadian public and targeted sectors through a range of service delivery options; conduct research; develop and maintain computer-based models for predicting weather and other environmental conditions; and collaborate and exchange data with other national meteorological services and with international organizations.

The Internal Services Program includes groups of related activities and resources that are administered to support the Department's Core Responsibilities and Programs. It is the basis for a common government-wide approach to planning, designing, budgeting, reporting and communicating all Government of Canada internal services.

In addition, Environment and Climate Change Canada has authority under numerous pieces of legislation which affect how Environment and Climate Change Canada operates. The most significant Acts are as follows:

• Antarctic Environmental Protection Act
• Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act
• Bridge to Strengthen Trade Act
• Canada Emission Reduction Incentives Agency Act
• Canada Foundation for Sustainable Development Technology Act
• Canada Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act
• Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Atlantic Accord Implementation Act
• Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Resources Accord Implementation Act
• Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act
• Canada Water Act
• Canada Wildlife Act
• Canadian Environment Week Act
• Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999
• Department of the Environment Act
• Emergency Management Act
• Energy Supplies Emergency Act
• Environmental Enforcement Act
• Environmental Violations Administrative Monetary Penalties Act
• Federal Sustainable Development Act
• Fisheries Act (Sections 36-42)
• Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act
• Impact Assessment Act
• Income Tax Act
• International River Improvements Act
• Lac Seul Conservation Act, 1928
• Lake of the Woods Control Board Act, 1921
• Manganese-Based Fuel Additives Act
• Marine Liability Act
• Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994
• National Strategy for Safe and Environmentally Sound Disposal of Lamps Containing Mercury Act
• National Wildlife Week Act
• Nunavut Planning and Project Assessment Act
• Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Virtual Elimination Act
• Resources and Technical Surveys Act
• Species at Risk Act
• Weather Modification Information Act
• Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act
• Yukon Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Act

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

These financial statements are prepared using the department's accounting policies stated below, which are based on Canadian public sector accounting standards. The presentation and results using the stated accounting policies do not result in any significant differences from Canadian public sector accounting standards.

Significant accounting policies are as follows:

(a) Parliamentary authorities

Environment and Climate Change Canada is financed by the Government of Canada through Parliamentary authorities. Financial reporting of authorities provided to Environment and Climate Change Canada do not parallel financial reporting according to generally accepted accounting principles since authorities are primarily based on cash flow requirements. Consequently, items recognized in the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and in the Statement of Financial Position are not necessarily the same as those provided through authorities from Parliament. Note 3 provides a reconciliation between the bases of reporting. The planned results amounts in the “Expenses” and “Revenues” sections of the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position are the amounts reported in the Future-Oriented Statement of Operations included in the 2021-22 Departmental Plan. Planned results are not presented in the “Government funding and transfers” section of the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and in the Statement of Change in Departmental Net Debt because these amounts were not included in the 2021-22 Departmental Plan.

(b) Net Cash Provided by Government

Environment and Climate Change Canada operates within the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF), which is administered by the Receiver General for Canada. All cash received by Environment and Climate Change Canada is deposited to the CRF, and all cash disbursements made by Environment and Climate Change Canada are paid from the CRF. The net cash provided by Government is the difference between all cash receipts and all cash disbursements, including transactions between departments of the Government.

(c) Amount Due from or to the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF)

Amounts due from or to the CRF are the result of timing differences at year-end between when a transaction affects authorities and when it is processed through the CRF. Amounts due from the CRF represent the net amount of cash that Environment and Climate Change Canada is entitled to draw from the CRF without further authorities to discharge its liabilities.

(d) Revenues

• Revenues from regulatory fees are recognized based on the services provided in the year.
• Funds received from external parties for specified purposes are recorded upon receipt as deferred revenue and the revenues are then recognized in the period in which the related expenses are incurred.
• Deferred revenue consists of amounts received in advance of the delivery of goods and rendering of services that will be recognized as revenue in a subsequent fiscal year as it is earned.
• The compensation for excess emissions provided for under the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act are recognized upon confirmation by the registered facility that the compensation is to be provided.
• Other revenues are recognized in the period the event giving rise to the revenues occurred.
• Revenues that are non-respendable are not available to discharge Environment and Climate Change Canada's liabilities. While the Deputy Head is expected to maintain accounting control, he has no authority regarding the disposition of non-respendable revenues. As a result, non-respendable revenues are considered to be earned on behalf of the Government of Canada and are therefore presented in reduction of the entity's gross revenues.

(e) Expenses

• Transfer payments are recorded as an expense in the year the transfer is authorized and eligibility criteria have been met by the recipient.
• Vacation pay and compensatory leave are accrued as the benefits are earned by employees under their respective terms of employment.
• Services provided without charge by other government departments for accommodation, employer contributions to the health and dental insurance plans, legal services and workers' compensation are recorded as operating expenses at their carrying value.

(f) Employee future benefits

• Pension benefits: Eligible employees participate in the Public Service Pension Plan, a multiemployer pension plan administered by the Government. Environment and Climate Change Canada’s contributions to the Plan are charged to expenses in the year incurred and represent the total departmental obligation to the Plan. Environment and Climate Change Canada’s responsibility with regard to the Plan is limited to its contributions. Actuarial surpluses or deficiencies are recognized in the financial statements of the Government of Canada, as the Plan’s sponsor.
• Severance benefits: The accumulation of severance benefits for voluntary departures ceased for applicable employee groups. The remaining obligation for employees who did not withdraw benefits is calculated using information derived from the results of the actuarially determined liability for employee severance benefits for the Government as a whole.

(g) Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are initially recorded at cost and when necessary, an allowance for valuation is recorded to reduce the carrying value of accounts receivable to amounts that approximate their net recoverable value.

(h) Non-financial assets

The costs of acquiring land, buildings, equipment and other capital property are capitalized as tangible capital assets and, except for land, are amortized to expense over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as described in Note 11. All tangible capital assets and leasehold improvements having an initial cost of $10,000 or more are recorded at their acquisition cost. Tangible capital assets do not include works of art, museum collection and Crown land to which no acquisition cost is attributable; and intangible assets.

Inventories are valued at cost and are comprised of spare parts and supplies held for future program delivery and are not primarily intended for resale. Inventories that no longer have service potential are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

(i) Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities are potential liabilities which may become actual liabilities when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. If the future event is likely to occur or fail to occur, and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made, a provision is accrued and an expense recorded to other expenses. If the likelihood is not determinable or an amount cannot be reasonably estimated, the contingency is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

(j) Contingent assets

Contingent assets are possible assets which may become actual assets when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. If the future event is likely to occur or fail to occur, the contingent asset is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

(k) Environmental liabilities

An environmental liability for the remediation of contaminated sites is recognized when all of the following criteria are satisfied: an environmental standard exists, contamination exceeds the environmental standard, the Government is directly responsible or accepts responsibility, it is expected that future economic benefits will be given up and a reasonable estimate of the amount can be made. The liability reflects the Government’s best estimate of the amount required to remediate the sites to the current minimum standard for its use prior to contamination. When the future cash flows required to settle or otherwise extinguish a liability are estimable, predictable and expected to occur over extended future periods, a present value technique is used. The discount rate used reflects the Government’s cost of borrowing, associated with the estimated number of years to complete remediation.

The recorded liabilities are adjusted each year, for present value adjustments, inflation, new obligations, changes in management estimates and actual costs incurred.

(i) Measurement uncertainty

The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported and disclosed amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes at March 31. The estimates are based on facts and circumstances, historical experience, general economic conditions and reflect the Government's best estimate of the related amount at the end of the reporting period. The most significant items where estimates are used are contingent liabilities, environmental liabilities, the liability for employee future benefits and the useful life of tangible capital assets. Actual results could significantly differ from those estimated. Management’s estimates are reviewed periodically and, as adjustments become necessary, they are recorded in the financial statements in the year they become known.

Environmental liabilities are subject to measurement uncertainty as discussed in Note 5 due to the evolving technologies used in the estimation of the costs for remediation of contaminated sites, the use of discounted present value of future estimated costs, and the fact that not all sites have had a complete assessment of the extent and nature of remediation. Changes to underlying assumptions, the timing of the expenditures, the technology employed, or the revisions to environmental standards or changes in regulatory requirements could result in significant changes to the environmental liabilities recorded.

(m) Related party transactions

Related party transactions, other than inter-entity transactions, are recorded at the exchange amount.

Inter-entity transactions are transactions between commonly controlled entities. Inter-entity transactions, other than restructuring transactions, are recorded on a gross basis and are measured at the carrying amount, except for the following:

1. Services provided on a recovery basis are recognized as revenues and expenses on a gross basis and measured at the exchange amount.
2. Certain services received on a without charge basis are recorded for departmental financial statement purposes at the carrying amount.

3. Parliamentary authorities

Environment and Climate Change Canada receives most of its funding through annual parliamentary authorities. Items recognized in the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and the Statement of Financial Position in one year may be funded through parliamentary authorities in prior, current or future years. Accordingly, Environment and Climate Change Canada has different net results of operations for the year on a government funding basis than on an accrual accounting basis. The differences are reconciled in the following tables:

 (a) Reconciliation of net cost of operations to current year authorities used:

(b) Authorities provided and used:

4. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

The following table presents details of Environment and Climate Change Canada's accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

5. Environmental liabilities

The Government’s “Federal Approach to Contaminated Sites” sets out a framework for management of contaminated sites using a risk-based approach. Under this approach the Government has inventoried the contaminated sites identified on federal lands, allowing them to be classified, managed and recorded in a consistent manner. This systematic approach aids in identification of the high risk sites in order to allocate limited resources to those sites which pose the highest risk to human health and the environment.

Environment and Climate Change Canada has identified approximately 253 sites (263 sites in 2020-21) where contamination may exist and assessment, remediation and monitoring may be required. Of these, the Department has identified approximately 72 sites (64 sites in 2020-­21) where action is required and for which a gross liability of $163,650 thousand ($185,753 thousand in 2020-21) has been recorded. This liability estimate has been determined based on site assessments performed by environmental experts.

In addition, a statistical model based upon a projection of the number of sites that will proceed to remediation and upon which current and historical costs are applied is used to estimate the liability for a group of unassessed sites. As a result, there are 40 unassessed sites (37 sites in 2020-21) where a liability estimate of $1,218 thousand ($827 thousand in 2020-21) has been recorded using this model.

Moreover, there is 1 site that has not been assessed by environmental experts (1 site in 2020-21) for which the department has estimated and recorded a liability of $13,573 thousand ($13,051 thousand in 2020-21).

These three estimates combined, totalling $178,441 thousand ($199,631 thousand in 2020-21), represents management’s best estimate of the costs required to remediate sites to the current minimum standard for its use prior to contamination, based on information available at the financial statement date.

For the remaining 140 sites (161 sites in 2020-21), no liability for remediation has been recognized. Some of these sites are at various stages of testing and evaluation and if remediation is required, liabilities will be reported as soon as a reasonable estimate can be determined. For other sites, Environment and Climate Change Canada does not expect to give up any future economic benefits (there is likely no significant environmental impact or human health threats). These sites will be re-examined and a liability for remediation will be recognized if future economic benefits will be given up.

The following table presents the total estimated amounts of these liabilities by nature and source, the associated expected recoveries and the total undiscounted future expenditures as at March 31, 2022, and March 31, 2021. When the liability estimate is based on a future cash requirement, the amount is adjusted for inflation using a forecast (CPI) rate of 2.0% (2.0% in 2020-21). Inflation is included in the undiscounted amount. The Government of Canada's cost of borrowing by reference to the actual zero-coupon yield curve for Government of Canada bonds has been used to discount the estimated future expenditures. The March 2022 rates range from 2.24% (0.24% in 2021) for 2 year term to 2.38% (2.02% in 2021) for a 30 or greater year term.

The Department’s ongoing efforts to assess contaminated sites, may result in additional environmental liabilities.

6. Deferred revenue

Deferred revenue represents the balance at year-end of unearned revenues stemming from amounts received from external parties that are restricted in order to fund the expenditures related to specific research projects and stemming from amounts received for fees prior to services being performed. Revenue is recognized in the period in which these expenditures are incurred or in which the service is performed. Details of the transactions related to this account are as follows:

7. Lease obligation for tangible capital assets

Environment and Climate Change Canada has entered into agreements to lease certain equipment under capital leases with a cost of $18,199 thousand and accumulated amortization of $14,558 thousand as at March 31, 2022 ($18,199 thousand of cost and $13,831 thousand in accumulated amortization respectively as at March 31, 2021). The obligations related to the upcoming years include Carleton University for which, on October 13, 2000, Environment and Climate Change Canada entered into an agreement to rent office laboratory space for the National Wildlife Research Centre (NWRC), at an annual cost of $1,300 thousand under a capital lease which expires in 2027.

8. Employee future benefits

(a) Pension benefits

Environment and Climate Change Canada's employees participate in the Public Service Pension Plan (the "Plan"), which is sponsored and administered by the Government of Canada. Pension benefits accrue up to a maximum period of 35 years at a rate of 2 percent per year of pensionable service, times the average of the best five consecutive years of earnings. The benefits are integrated with Canada/Québec Pension Plan benefits and they are indexed to inflation.

Both the employees and the Department contribute to the cost of the Plan. Due to the amendment of the Public Service Superannuation Act following the implementation of provisions related to Economic Action Plan 2012 , employee contributors have been divided into two groups - Group 1 related to existing plan members as of December 31, 2012 and Group 2 relates to members joining the Plan as of January 1, 2013. Each group has a distinct contribution rate.

The 2021-22 expense amounts to $68,344 thousand ($69,982 thousand in 2020-21). For Group 1 members, the expense represents approximately 1.01 times (1.01 times in 2020-21) the employee contributions and, for Group 2 members, approximately 1.00 times (1.00 times in 2020-21) the employee contributions.

Environment and Climate Change Canada's responsibility with regard to the Plan is limited to its contributions. Actuarial surpluses or deficiencies are recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Government of Canada, as the Plan’s sponsor.

(b) Severance benefits

Severance benefits provided to the Environment and Climate Change Canada's employees were previously based on an employee's eligibility, years of service and salary at termination of employment. However, since 2011 the accumulation of severance benefits for voluntary departures progressively ceased for substantially all employees. Employees subject to these changes were given the option to be paid the full or partial value of benefits earned to date or collect the full or remaining value of benefits upon departure from the public service. By March 31, 2022, substantially all settlements for immediate cash out were completed. Severance benefits are unfunded and, consequently, the outstanding obligation will be paid from future authorities.

The changes in the obligations during the year were as follows:    

9. Accounts receivable and advances

The following table presents details of Environment and Climate Change Canada's accounts receivable and advances balances:

10. Inventory

The following table presents details of the inventory:

Inventory is valued using the moving average price.

11. Tangible capital assets

Amortization of tangible capital assets is done on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset as follows:

Assets under construction are recorded in the applicable asset class in the year they are put into service and are not amortized until they are put into service.

12. Contractual obligations and contractual rights

a) Contractual obligations

The nature of the Department’s activities may result in some large multi-year contracts and obligations whereby the Department will be obligated to make future payments in order to carry out its transfer payment programs or when the services/goods are received. Significant contractual obligations that can be reasonably estimated are summarized as follows:

b) Contractual rights

The activities of the department sometimes involve the negotiation of contracts or agreements with outside parties that result in the department having rights to both assets and revenues in the future. They principally involve leases of property, royalties, and sales of goods and services. Major contractual rights that will generate revenues in future years and that can be reasonably estimated are summarized as follows:

14. Related party transactions

Environment and Climate Change Canada is related as a result of common ownership to all government departments, agencies, and Crown corporations. Related parties also include individuals who are members of key management personnel or close family members of those individuals, and entities controlled by, or under shared control of, a member of key management personnel or a close family member of that individual.

Environment and Climate Change Canada enters into transactions with these entities in the normal course of business and on normal trade terms.

(a) Common services provided without charge by other government departments

During the year, Environment and Climate Change Canada received services without charge from certain common service organizations, related to accommodation, legal services, the employer’s contribution to the health and dental insurance plans and workers' compensation coverage. These services provided without charge have been recorded at the carrying value in the Department’s Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position as follows:

The Government has centralized some of its administrative activities for efficiency, cost-effectiveness purposes and economic delivery of programs to the public. As a result, the Government uses central agencies and common service organizations so that one department performs services for all other departments and agencies without charge. The costs of these services, such as the payroll and cheque issuance services provided by Public Services and Procurement Canada and audit services provided by the Office of the Auditor General are not included in the Department’s Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position.

(b) Other transactions with other government departments and agencies:

Expenses and revenues disclosed in (b) exclude common services provided without charge, which are already disclosed in (a).

15. Transfers from/to other government departments

During the year, Environment and Climate Change Canada transferred tangible capital assets with Parks Canada Agency, Departments of Natural Resources, Health and Canadian Heritage, as well as Canadian High Arctic Research Station with a net effect of $298,268 ($3 in 2020-21) on the departmental net financial position affecting categories under vehicles and machinery and equipment. Environment and Climate Change Canada also transferred salary overpayments and emergency salary advances with a net effect of -$290,622 ($103,280 in 2020-21).

16. Segmented information

Presentation by segment is based on Environment and Climate Change Canada's core responsibility. The presentation by segment is based on the same accounting policies as described in the Summary of significant accounting policies in note 2. The following table presents the expenses incurred and revenues generated for the main core responsibilities, by major object of expense and by major type of revenue. The segment results for the period are as follows:

17. Comparative information

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.