Departmental financial statements (unaudited) 2024–25

Statement of management responsibility including internal control over financial reporting 2024-25

Responsibility for the integrity and objectivity of the accompanying financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2025, and all information contained in these financial statements rests with the management of Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). These financial statements have been prepared by management using the Government of Canada's accounting policies, which are based on Canadian public sector accounting standards.

Management is responsible for the integrity and objectivity of the information in these financial statements. Some of the information in the financial statements is based on management's best estimates and judgment and gives due consideration to materiality. To fulfill its accounting and reporting responsibilities, management maintains a set of accounts that provides a centralized record of ECCC's financial transactions. Financial information submitted in the preparation of the Public Accounts of Canada and included in the ECCC's Departmental Results Report, is consistent with these financial statements.

Management is also responsible for maintaining an effective system of internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) designed to provide reasonable assurance that financial information is reliable, that assets are safeguarded and that transactions are properly authorized and recorded in accordance with the Financial Administration Act and other applicable legislation, regulations, authorities and policies.

Management seeks to ensure the objectivity and integrity of data in its financial statements through careful selection, training, and development of qualified staff; through organizational arrangements that provide appropriate divisions of responsibility; through communication programs aimed at ensuring that regulations, policies, standards, and managerial authorities are understood throughout ECCC and through conducting an annual risk-based assessment of the effectiveness of the system of ICFR.

The system of ICFR is designed to mitigate risks to a reasonable level based on an ongoing process to identify key risks, to assess effectiveness of associated key controls, and to make any necessary adjustments.

A risk-based assessment of the system of ICFR for the year ended March 31, 2025, was completed in accordance with the Treasury Board Policy on Financial Management and the results and action plans are summarized in the annex.

The effectiveness and adequacy of ECCC's system of internal control is reviewed by the work of internal audit staff, who conduct periodic audits of different areas of ECCC's operations, and by the Departmental Audit Committee, which oversees management's responsibilities for maintaining adequate control systems and the quality of financial reporting, and which reviews and provides advice on the financial statements to the Deputy Minister.

The financial statements of ECCC have not been audited.

Statement of financial position (unaudited)

As at March 31

Contractual obligations and contractual rights (Note 14)

Contingent liabilities (Note 15)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements

Statement of operations and departmental net financial position (unaudited)

For the year ended March 31

Segmented information (Note 18)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Statement of Change in Departmental Net Debt (Unaudited)

For the year ended March 31

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

For the year ended March 31

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Notes to the Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. Authority and objectives

Environment and Climate Change Canada was established under Department of the Environment Act. Under this Act, the powers, duties and functions of the Minister of the Environment and Climate Change Canada extend to and include matters relating to:

• The preservation and enhancement of the quality of the natural environment (including water, air and soil quality);
• Renewable resources, including migratory birds and other non-domestic flora and fauna;
• Water;
• Meteorology;
• Enforcement of any rules or regulations made by the International Joint Commission relating to boundary waters; and
• Coordination of the policies and programs of the Government of Canada respecting the preservation and enhancement of the quality of the natural environment.

Environment and Climate Change Canada delivers its mandate by promoting the four (4) following Core Responsibilities:

Taking Action on Clean Growth and Climate Change: Support and coordinate the development and implementation of Canada’s environmental and climate change policies, programs, and plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support a transition to a resilient, inclusive low-carbon economy. This will be achieved by developing and implementing climate mitigation measures; supporting adaptation to climate change; contributing to international environment and climate-related actions and initiatives; and engaging with other federal government departments, Indigenous partners, provinces and territories, domestic and international partners and stakeholders, non-governmental organizations, and other interested parties.

Preventing and Managing Pollution: Develop measures to reduce releases of harmful substances into the environment; monitor levels of pollutants and pollution precursors in air, water and soil; promote and enforce compliance with environmental laws and regulations; and implement pollution reduction and restoration actions and programs. This will be achieved by coordinating, collaborating and consulting with other federal government departments, provinces and territories, Indigenous partners, non-governmental organizations, international partners and other stakeholders.

Responsibility for some components of this core responsibility was transferred to the Canada Water Agency effective October 15, 2024 (note 17).

Conserving Nature: Protect and recover species at risk and their critical habitat, maintain and restore healthy populations of migratory birds and other wildlife, and manage and expand Canada’s network of protected areas to conserve biodiversity, contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation and support human health and well-being. This will be accomplished through evidence-based decision making that considers cumulative effects, promoting and enforcing applicable laws and regulations, engaging meaningfully with Indigenous peoples, and collaborating with provinces and territories, other domestic and international stakeholders and the public.

Predicting Weather and Environmental Conditions: Provide authoritative forecasts, warnings, data, and information services related to weather, hydrological, and environmental conditions using a wide range of dissemination systems to help Canadians, public authorities, and targeted weather sensitive sectors make informed decisions about health, safety, and economic prosperity. This will be achieved by: monitoring weather, water quantity, ice, air quality and climate conditions; conducting research and development activities targeting continuous improvement; operating advanced integrated weather and environmental prediction models using high performance computing platforms; exchanging data in near real time, on a continual basis, with members of the World Meteorological Organization to ensure accurate and timely predictions; and collaborating closely with other nations’ weather and hydrologic institutions, and international organizations, to improve services for citizens everywhere.

The Internal Services Program includes groups of related activities and resources that are administered to support the Department's Core Responsibilities and Programs. It is the basis for a common government-wide approach to planning, designing, budgeting, reporting and communicating all Government of Canada internal services.

In addition, Environment and Climate Change Canada has authority under numerous pieces of legislation which affect how Environment and Climate Change Canada operates. The most significant Acts are as follows:

• Antarctic Environmental Protection Act
• Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act
• Bridge to Strengthen Trade Act
• Canada Emission Reduction Incentives Agency Act
• Canada Foundation for Sustainable Development Technology Act
• Canada Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act
• Canada-Newfoundland and Labrador Atlantic Accord Implementation Act
• Canada-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Resources Accord Implementation Act
• Canada Oil and Gas Operations Act
• Canada Water Act
• Canada Wildlife Act
• Canadian Environment Week Act
• Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999
• Department of the Environment Act
• Emergency Management Act
• Energy Supplies Emergency Act
• Environmental Enforcement Act
• Environmental Violations Administrative Monetary Penalties Act
• Federal Sustainable Development Act
• Fisheries Act (Sections 36-42)
• Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act
• Impact Assessment Act
• Income Tax Act
• International River Improvements Act
• Lac Seul Conservation Act, 1928
• Lake of the Woods Control Board Act, 1921
• Manganese-Based Fuel Additives Act
• Marine Liability Act
• Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994
• National Strategy for Safe and Environmentally Sound Disposal of Lamps Containing Mercury Act
• National Wildlife Week Act
• Nunavut Planning and Project Assessment Act
• Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Virtual Elimination Act
• Resources and Technical Surveys Act
• Species at Risk Act
• Weather Modification Information Act
• Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act
• Yukon Environmental and Socio-economic Assessment Act

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

These financial statements are prepared using the department's accounting policies stated below, which are based on Canadian public sector accounting standards. The presentation and results using the stated accounting policies do not result in any significant differences from Canadian public sector accounting standards.

Significant accounting policies are as follows:

(a) Parliamentary authorities

Environment and Climate Change Canada is financed by the Government of Canada through Parliamentary authorities. Financial reporting of authorities provided to Environment and Climate Change Canada do not parallel financial reporting according to generally accepted accounting principles since authorities are primarily based on cash flow requirements. Consequently, items recognized in the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and in the Statement of Financial Position are not necessarily the same as those provided through authorities from Parliament.

Note 3 provides a reconciliation between the bases of reporting. The planned results amounts in the “Expenses” and “Revenues” sections of the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position are the amounts reported in the Future-Oriented Statement of Operations included in the 2024-25 Departmental Plan. Planned results are not presented in the “Government funding and transfers” section of the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and in the Statement of Change in Departmental Net Debt because these amounts were not included in the 2024-25 Departmental Plan.

(b) Net cash provided by government

Environment and Climate Change Canada operates within the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF), which is administered by the Receiver General for Canada. All cash received by Environment and Climate Change Canada is deposited to the CRF, and all cash disbursements made by Environment and Climate Change Canada are paid from the CRF. The net cash provided by Government is the difference between all cash receipts and all cash disbursements, including transactions between departments of the Government.

(c) Amount due from or to the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF)

Amounts due from or to the CRF are the result of timing differences at year-end between when a transaction affects authorities and when it is processed through the CRF. Amounts due from the CRF represent the net amount of cash that Environment and Climate Change Canada is entitled to draw from the CRF without further authorities to discharge its liabilities.

(d) Revenues and deferred revenues

Revenues are comprised of revenues earned from non-tax sources. They include exchange transactions where goods or services are provided for consideration where a performance obligation exists, and non-exchange transactions where no performance obligations exist to provide a good or service. These transactions can be recurring or non-recurring in nature. Recurring transactions are viewed as ongoing, routine activities that form part of the normal course of operations and can be used to indicate if they can be reasonably expected to be earned again in future years.

Funds received from external parties for specified purposes are recorded upon receipt as deferred revenue and the revenues are then recognized in the period in which the related expenses are incurred.

Deferred revenue consists of amounts received in advance of the delivery of goods and rendering of services that will be recognized as revenue in a subsequent fiscal year as it is earned.

The compensation for excess emissions provided for under the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act are recognized upon confirmation by the registered facility that the compensation is to be provided.

Other revenues are recognized in the period the event giving rise to the revenues occurred.

Revenues that are non-respendable are not available to discharge Environment and Climate Change Canada's liabilities. While the Deputy Head is expected to maintain accounting control, he has no authority regarding the disposition of non-respendable revenues. As a result, non-respendable revenues are considered to be earned on behalf of the Government of Canada and are therefore presented in reduction of the entity's gross revenues. Revenues earned on behalf of Government consist of the sale of services and gains on the sale of assets. These are recognized when earned.

(e) Expenses

Transfer payments are recorded as an expense in the year the transfer is authorized and eligibility criteria have been met by the recipient.

Vacation pay and compensatory leave are accrued as the benefits are earned by employees under their respective terms of employment.

Services provided without charge by other government departments for accommodation, employer contributions to the health and dental insurance plans, legal services and workers' compensation are recorded as operating expenses at their carrying value.

(f) Employee future benefits

Pension benefits: Eligible employees participate in the Public Service Pension Plan, a multiemployer pension plan administered by the Government. Environment and Climate Change Canada’s contributions to the Plan are charged to expenses in the year incurred and represent the total departmental obligation to the Plan. Environment and Climate Change Canada’s responsibility with regard to the Plan is limited to its contributions. Actuarial surpluses or deficiencies are recognized in the financial statements of the Government of Canada, as the Plan’s sponsor.

Severance benefits: The accumulation of severance benefits for voluntary departures ceased for applicable employee groups. The remaining obligation for employees who did not withdraw benefits is calculated using information derived from the results of the actuarially determined liability for employee severance benefits for the Government as a whole.

(g) Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are initially recorded at cost and when necessary, an allowance for valuation is recorded to reduce the carrying value of accounts receivable to amounts that approximate their net recoverable value.

(h) Non-financial assets

The costs of acquiring land, buildings, equipment and other capital property are capitalized as tangible capital assets and, except for land, are amortized to expense over the estimated useful lives of the assets, as described in Note 11. All tangible capital assets and leasehold improvements having an initial cost of $10,000 or more are recorded at their acquisition cost. Tangible capital assets do not include works of art, museum collection and Crown land to which no acquisition cost is attributable; and intangible assets.

Inventories are valued at cost and are comprised of spare parts and supplies held for future program delivery and are not primarily intended for resale. Inventories that no longer have service potential are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

(i) Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities are potential liabilities which may become actual liabilities when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. If the future event is likely to occur and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made, a provision is accrued and an expense recorded to other expenses. If the likelihood is not determinable or an amount cannot be reasonably estimated, the contingency is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

(j) Contingent assets

Contingent assets are possible assets which may become actual assets when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. If the future event is likely to occur or fail to occur, the contingent asset is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

(k) Environmental liabilities and asset retirement obligations

An environmental liability for the remediation of contaminated sites is recognized when all of the following criteria are satisfied: an environmental standard exists, contamination exceeds the environmental standard, the government is directly responsible or accepts responsibility, it is expected that future economic benefits will be given up and a reasonable estimate of the amount can be made. The liability reflects management’s best estimate of the amount required to remediate the sites to the current minimum environmental standard for its use prior to contamination.

An asset retirement obligation is recognized when all of the following criteria are satisfied: there is a legal obligation to incur retirement costs in relation to a tangible capital asset, the past event or transaction giving rise to the retirement liability has occurred, it is expected that future economic benefits will be given up and a reasonable estimate of the amount can be made. The costs to retire an asset are normally capitalized and amortized over the asset’s estimated remaining useful life. An asset retirement obligation may arise in connection with a tangible capital asset that is not recognized or no longer in productive use. In this case, the asset retirement cost would be expensed. The measurement of the liability is the government’s best estimate of the amount required to retire a tangible capital asset.

When the future cash flows required to settle or otherwise extinguish a liability are estimable, predictable, and expected to occur over extended future periods, a present value technique is used. The discount rate used reflects the government’s cost of borrowing, associated with the estimated number of years to complete remediation.

The recorded liabilities are adjusted each year, as required, for present value adjustments, inflation, new obligations, changes in management estimates and actual costs incurred.

(l) Transaction involving foreign currencies

Transactions involving foreign currencies are translated into Canadian dollar equivalents using rates of exchange in effect at the time of those transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into Canadian dollars using the rate of exchange in effect at March 31. The Government has elected to recognize gains and losses resulting from foreign currency translation directly on the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position according to the activities to which they relate.

(m) Measurement uncertainty

The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported and disclosed amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes at March 31. The estimates are based on facts and circumstances, historical experience, general economic conditions and reflect the Government's best estimate of the related amount at the end of the reporting period. The most significant items where estimates are used are contingent liabilities, environmental liabilities and asset retirement obligations, the liability for employee future benefits and the useful life of tangible capital assets.

Actual results could significantly differ from those estimated. Management’s estimates are reviewed periodically and, as adjustments become necessary, they are recorded in the financial statements in the year they become known.

(n) Related party transactions

Related party transactions, other than inter-entity transactions, are recorded at the exchange amount.

Inter-entity transactions are transactions between commonly controlled entities. Inter-entity transactions, other than restructuring transactions, are recorded on a gross basis and are measured at the carrying amount, except for the following:

1. Services provided on a recovery basis are recognized as revenues and expenses on a gross basis and measured at the exchange amount.
2. Certain services received on a without charge basis are recorded for departmental financial statement purposes at the carrying amount.

3. Parliamentary authorities

Environment and Climate Change Canada receives most of its funding through annual parliamentary authorities. Items recognized in the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and the Statement of Financial Position in one year may be funded through parliamentary authorities in prior, current or future years. Accordingly, Environment and Climate Change Canada has different net results of operations for the year on a government funding basis than on an accrual accounting basis. The differences are reconciled in the following tables:

4. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

The following table presents details of Environment and Climate Change Canada's accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

5. Environmental liabilities and asset retirement obligations

Environmental liabilities and asset retirement obligations include:

(a) Remediation of contaminated sites

The Government’s “Federal Approach to Contaminated Sites” sets out a framework for management of contaminated sites using a risk-based approach. Under this approach the Government has inventoried the contaminated sites identified on federal lands, allowing them to be classified, managed and recorded in a consistent manner. This systematic approach aids in identification of the high risk sites in order to allocate limited resources to those sites which pose the highest risk to human health and the environment.

Environment and Climate Change Canada has identified approximately 248 sites (244 sites in 2023-24) where contamination may exist and assessment, remediation and monitoring may be required. Of these, the Department has identified approximately 84 sites (76 sites in 2023-24) where action is required and for which a gross liability of $261,937 thousand ($282,019 thousand in 2023-24) has been recorded. This liability estimate has been determined based on site assessments performed by environmental experts.

In addition, a statistical model based upon a projection of the number of sites that will proceed to remediation and upon which current and historical costs are applied is used to estimate the liability for a group of unassessed sites. As a result, there are 49 unassessed sites (45 sites in 2023-24) where a liability estimate of $2,034 thousand ($1,582 thousand in 2023-24) has been recorded using this model.

These estimates combined, totalling $263,971 thousand ($283,601 in 2023-24), represents management’s best estimate of the costs required to remediate sites to the current minimum standard for its use prior to contamination, based on information available at the financial statement date.

For the remaining 115 sites (123 sites in 2023-24), no liability for remediation has been recognized. Some of these sites are at various stages of testing and evaluation and if remediation is required, liabilities will be reported as soon as a reasonable estimate can be determined. For other sites, Environment and Climate Change Canada does not expect to give up any future economic benefits (there is likely no significant environmental impact or human health threats). These sites will be re-examined and a liability for remediation will be recognized if future economic benefits will be given up.

The following table presents the total estimated amounts of these liabilities by nature and source, the associated expected recoveries and the total undiscounted future expenditures as at March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024. When the liability estimate is based on a future cash requirement, the amount is adjusted for inflation using an expected (CPI) rate of 2.0% (2.0% in 2023-24). Inflation is included in the undiscounted amount. The Government of Canada's cost of borrowing by reference to the actual zero-coupon yield curve for Government of Canada bonds has been used to discount the estimated future expenditures. The March 2025 rates range from 2.44% (4.03% in 2024) for 2 year term to 3.27% (3.29% in 2024) for a 30 or greater year term.

(1) Contamination associated with former mine activities, e.g., heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, etc. Sites often have multiple sources of contamination.
(2) Contamination associated with the operations of military and former military sites where activities such as fuel handling and storage activities, waste sites, metals/PCB-based paint used on buildings resulted in former or accidental contamination, e.g. petroleum hydrocarbons, PCBs, heavy metals. Sites often have multiple sources of contamination.
(3) Contamination primarily associated with fuel storage and handling. E.g. accidental spills related to fuel storage tanks or former fuel handling practices, e.g. petroleum hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes).
(4) Contamination associated with the operations of marine assets, e.g. port facilities, harbours, navigation systems, light stations, hydrometric stations, where activities such as fuel storage/handling, use of metal based paint (e.g. on light stations) resulted in former or accidental contamination, e.g. metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other organic contaminants. Sites often have multiple sources of contamination.
(5) Contamination associated with the operations and maintenance of parks and protected areas where activities such as fuel storage/handling, waste sites and use of metal based paint resulted in former or accidental contamination, e.g. metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs and other organic contaminants. Sites often have multiple sources of contamination.
(6) Contamination associated with the operations of the office/commercial/industrial facilities where activities such as fuel storage/handling, waste sites and use of metal-based paint resulted in former or accidental contamination, e.g. metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, BTEX, etc. Sites often have multiple sources of contamination.

(b) Asset Retirement Obligations

The Department has recorded asset retirement obligations for the removal of asbestos and other hazardous materials in buildings, closure and postclosure obligations associated with other works and infrastructure, retirement activities linked to machinery and equipment, and other asset retirement obligations.

The changes in asset retirement obligations during the year are as follows:

(1) Accretion expense is the increase in the carrying amount of an asset retirement obligation due to the passage of time.

The undiscounted future expenditures, adjusted for inflation, for the planned projects comprising the liability are $17,900 thousand ($17,517 thousand as at March 31, 2024).

Key assumptions used in determining the provision are as follows:

The Department’s ongoing efforts to assess contaminated sites and asset retirement obligations may result in additional environmental liabilities and asset retirement obligations.

6. Revenues

The department has the following major types of revenues: Regulatory fees, miscellaneous revenues, and revenues earned on behalf of the Government. Regulatory fees are recorded when they are earned. Miscellaneous revenues include the lease and use of public property, the sale of goods and information products, and other fees and charges. These are recorded when as performance obligations are satisfied.

(a) Disaggregated revenues

7. Deferred revenue

Departmental deferred revenues for the year consist of the following balances:

8. Lease obligation for tangible capital assets

Environment and Climate Change Canada has entered into agreements to lease certain space and equipment under capital leases with a cost of $18,199 thousand and accumulated amortization of $16,742 thousand as at March 31, 2025 ($18,199 thousand of cost and $16,014 thousand in accumulated amortization respectively as at March 31, 2024). The obligations related to the upcoming years include Carleton University for which, on October 13, 2000, Environment and Climate Change Canada entered into an agreement to rent office laboratory space for the National Wildlife Research Centre (NWRC), at an annual cost of $1,300 thousand under a capital lease which expires in 2027.

9. Employee future benefits

(a) Pension benefits

Environment and Climate Change Canada's employees participate in the Public Service Pension Plan (the "Plan"), which is sponsored and administered by the Government of Canada. Pension benefits accrue up to a maximum period of 35 years at a rate of 2 percent per year of pensionable service, times the average of the best five consecutive years of earnings. The benefits are integrated with Canada/Québec Pension Plan benefits and they are indexed to inflation.

Both the employees and the Department contribute to the cost of the Plan. Due to the amendment of the Public Service Superannuation Act following the implementation of provisions related to Economic Action Plan 2012, employee contributors have been divided into two groups - Group 1 related to existing plan members as of December 31, 2012 and Group 2 relates to members joining the Plan as of January 1, 2013. Each group has a distinct contribution rate.

The 2024-25 expense amounts to $86,324 thousand ($77,588 thousand in 2023-24). For Group 1 members, the expense represents approximately 1.02 times (1.02 times in 2023-24) the employee contributions and, for Group 2 members, approximately 1.00 time (1.00 time in 2023-24) the employee contributions.

Environment and Climate Change Canada's responsibility with regard to the Plan is limited to its contributions. Actuarial surpluses or deficiencies are recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Government of Canada, as the Plan’s sponsor.

(b) Severance benefits

Severance benefits provided to the Environment and Climate Change Canada's employees were previously based on an employee's eligibility, years of service and salary at termination of employment. However, since 2011 the accumulation of severance benefits for voluntary departures progressively ceased for substantially all employees. Employees subject to these changes were given the option to be paid the full or partial value of benefits earned to date or collect the full or remaining value of benefits upon departure from the public service. By March 31, 2024, substantially all settlements for immediate cash out were completed. Severance benefits are unfunded and, consequently, the outstanding obligation will be paid from future authorities.

The changes in the obligations during the year were as follows:

10. Accounts receivable and advances

The following table presents details of Environment and Climate Change Canada's accounts receivable and advances balances:

The following table provides an aging analysis of accounts receivable from external parties and the associated valuation allowances used to reflect their net recoverable value.

11. Inventory

The following table presents details of the inventory:

Inventory is valued using the moving average price.

12. Tangible capital assets

Amortization of tangible capital assets is done on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset as follows:

Assets under construction are recorded in the applicable asset class in the year they are put into service and are not amortized until they are put into service.

(1) Vehicles include: road motor vehicles, off road vehicles, aircraft, mobile laboratories, ships and boats.

(2) Assets under construction include: buildings, engineering works, software and other construction.

(3) Adjustments include assets under constructions of $128,497 thousand that were transferred to the other categories upon completion of the assets, new asset retirement obligations and change in estimates of $616 thousand and post-capitalization for a net book value of $335 thousand.

13. Departmental net financial position

A portion of Environment and Climate Change Canada’s net financial position is restricted for specific purposes. Related revenues and expenses are included in the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position. Environment and Climate Change Canada has two accounts which fall under this category:

a) The Environmental Damages Fund account was established for the management of court orders/awards or other financial compensation to the Department for damages to the environment.

b) The Deposits - Other than Environmental Damages Fund account was established for the management of court orders/awards or other financial compensation to the Department that are not under the legal authority of the Environmental Damages Fund.

14. Contractual obligations and contractual rights

a) Contractual obligations

The nature of the Department’s activities may result in some large multi-year contracts and obligations whereby the Department will be obligated to make future payments in order to carry out its transfer payment programs or when the services/goods are received. Significant contractual obligations that can be reasonably estimated are summarized as follows:

b) Contractual rights

The activities of the department sometimes involve the negotiation of contracts or agreements with outside parties that result in the department having rights to both assets and revenues in the future. They principally involve leases of property, royalties, and sales of goods and services. Major contractual rights that will generate revenues in future years and that can be reasonably estimated are summarized as follows:

15. Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities arise in the normal course of operations and their ultimate disposition is unknown.

Claims and litigation

Claims have been made against Environment and Climate Change Canada in the normal course of operations. These claims include items with pleading amounts and other for which no amount is specified. While the total amount claimed in these actions is significant, their outcomes are not determinable. Environment and Climate Change Canada has recorded an allowance for claims and litigations where it is likely that there will be a future payment and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. Claims and litigations for which the outcome is not determinable and a reasonable estimate can be made by management remain nil at March 31, 2025.

16. Related party transactions

Environment and Climate Change Canada is related as a result of common ownership to all government departments, agencies, and Crown corporations. Related parties also include individuals who are members of key management personnel or close family members of those individuals, and entities controlled by, or under shared control of, a member of key management personnel or a close family member of that individual.

Environment and Climate Change Canada enters into transactions with these entities in the normal course of business and on normal trade terms.

(a) Common services provided without charge by other government departments

During the year, Environment and Climate Change Canada received services without charge from certain common service organizations, related to accommodation, legal services, the employer’s contribution to the health and dental insurance plans and workers' compensation coverage. These services provided without charge have been recorded at the carrying value in the Department’s Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position as follows:

The Government has centralized some of its administrative activities for efficiency, cost-effectiveness purposes and economic delivery of programs to the public. As a result, the Government uses central agencies and common service organizations so that one department performs services for all other departments and agencies without charge. The costs of these services, such as the payroll and cheque issuance services provided by Public Services and Procurement Canada and audit services provided by the Office of the Auditor General are not included in the Department’s Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position.

(b) Other transactions with other government departments and agencies:

Expenses and revenues disclosed in (b) exclude common services provided without charge, which are already disclosed in (a).

As of October 15, 2024, the department transferred its activities related to the Canada Water Agency Branch to the Canada Water Agency (CWA). Between October 15, 2024 and April 1, 2026, the transition period, the department continued to administer those activities on behalf of CWA. The administered revenues and expenses during the transition period amounted to $55,319,058 and to $10,877,779, respectively, for the year. These revenues and expenses are not recorded in these financial statements.

17. Transfers from/to other government departments

During the year, Environment and Climate Change Canada received and transferred tangible capital assets with Fisheries and Oceans (Department of), Transport (Department of), Parks Canada Agency, Canadian Heritage (Department of), Canada Water Agency and National Research Council of Canada with a net effect of -$155,874 ($66,808 in 2023-24) on the departmental net financial position affecting categories land, buildings and works, machinery and equipment and vehicles. Environment and Climate Change Canada also received salary overpayments and emergency salary advances with a net effect of $206,635 ($90,109 in 2023-24).

Effective October 15, 2024, the department transferred the responsibility for the activities related to the Canada Water Agency Branch from the Department of the Environment in accordance with the Transitional Provisions contained in sections 14 to 18 of the Canada Water Agency Act, including the stewardship responsibility for the assets and liabilities related to the program. Accordingly, the Department of the Environment transferred the following assets and liabilities related to the Canada Water Agency Branch to the Canada Water Agency on October 15, 2024:

In addition, the 2023-24 comparative figures have been reclassified on the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position to present separately, the revenues and expenses of the transferred operations.

18. Segmented information

Presentation by segment is based on Environment and Climate Change Canada's core responsibility. The presentation by segment is based on the same accounting policies as described in the Summary of significant accounting policies in note 2. The following table presents the expenses incurred and revenues generated for the main core responsibilities, by major object of expense and by major type of revenue. The segment results for the period are as follows:

19. Comparative information

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

Annex to the Statement of Management Responsibility Including Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 2024–25

Annex to the Statement of Management Responsibility

1. Introduction

This document provides summary information on the measures taken by ECCC to maintain an effective system of ICFR assessment results and related action plans.

Detailed information on ECCC’s authority, mandate and program activities can be found in the last Departmental Results Report and the current Departmental Plan.

2. Environment and Climate Change Canada’s System of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

2.1 Internal Control Management

ECCC has a well-established governance and accountability structure to support departmental assessment efforts and oversight of its system of internal control. A departmental internal control management framework is in place and includes:

• Organizational accountability structures as they relate to internal control management to support sound financial management, including roles and responsibilities of senior departmental managers for control management in their areas of responsibility;
• A values and ethics code;
• Ongoing communication and training on statutory requirements, policies and procedures for sound financial management and control;
• An internal financial attestation process in support of certification by the Deputy Minister and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), whereby senior departmental managers who report to the Deputy Minister attest that they have implemented and maintained a risk-based system of ICFR in their areas of responsibility;
• A Fraud Risk Management program that is designed to protect the departments’ resources from fraud, waste and abuse through a prevention and detection framework; and
• Semi-annual monitoring of, and regular updates on, internal control management, as well as the provision of related assessment results and action plans to the Deputy Minister and senior departmental management and, as applicable, the Departmental Audit Committee (DAC).

The DAC is an independent advisory committee to the Deputy Minister. It is responsible to provide advice to the deputy head on the adequacy and functioning of the department’s risk management, control and governance frameworks and processes.

2.2 Service Arrangements Relevant to Financial Statements

ECCC relies on other organizations for the processing of certain transactions that are recorded in its financial statements as follows:

Common Service Arrangements

• Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC) provides accommodation services and administers the procurement of goods and services, and the payments of salaries in accordance with ECCC’s delegation of authorities. PSPC also administers the Receiver General Central Systems used to issue cheques on behalf of the department. ECCC relies on the effectiveness of the PSPC Phoenix pay system and related activities and practices;
• Shared Services Canada (SSC) provides information technology (IT) infrastructure services to ECCC in the areas of data centre and network services. The scope and responsibilities are addressed in the interdepartmental arrangement between SSC and ECCC;
• The Department of Justice provides legal services to ECCC;
• The Public Prosecution Service of Canada provides prosecution services to ECCC; and
• The Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat provides services related to public sector insurance for ECCC employees and centrally administers payment of the employer’s share of contributions toward statutory employee benefit plans on behalf of ECCC.

Specific Arrangements

• Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) provides ECCC with a System Applications Products (SAP) financial system platform to capture and report all financial transactions. Under this arrangement, ECCC relies on AAFC for the management of certain IT controls and procedures (e.g., security, configuration, change management, business continuity) and of various master data functions in SAP.
• ECCC provides the Canada Water Agency with internal services such as finance, procurement, accommodations, and human resources, under a Memorandum of Understanding between the organizations.

Readers of this Annex may refer to the Statement of Management Responsibility (SOMR) Annexes of the above-noted organizations for a greater understanding of the systems of ICFR related to these specific services.

3. Departmental Assessment Results During Fiscal Year 2024–25

The following table summarizes the status of the ongoing monitoring activities according to the previous fiscal year’s rotational plan.

The key findings and significant adjustments required from the current year’s assessment activities are summarized below.

3.1 New or significantly amended key controls

As part of the risk mitigation strategy and as a best practice, risks and key controls continued to be assessed at ECCC by:

• Evaluating changes in governance, risk management and internal controls, including those related to resource allocation, procurement, and financial management in times of budgetary uncertainty, to delegation of authority and to reporting structure;
• Documenting and communicating the results of the assessment of processes and controls and supporting business process owners and senior management in addressing them;
• Applying fraud scenarios identified through the updated ECCC Fraud Risk Assessment (FRA) to strengthen control-based fraud detection;
• Providing close support to AAFC financial systems team for SAP innovation practices and alignment with the Office of the Comptroller General (OCG) Digital Comptrollership Program, to support the new Directive on the Stewardship of Financial Management Systems; and
• Liaising with the Departmental Chief Data Officer to ensure implementation of departmental data, analytics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) strategy for the financial management area.

Departmental audit of the System of ICFR

In 2023-24, the Departmental Audit Team performed an audit of the System of ICFR (results and Management Response and Action Plan presented to DAC in March 2024) and provided recommendations for improvements. The majority of recommendations have been completed, with full implementation expected by October 2025. The remaining outstanding item involves the communication of quality assurance results on expenditure management testing to Senior Departmental Managers.

3.2 Ongoing Monitoring Program

In 2024-25, the rotational ongoing monitoring plan of ICFR at ECCC was performed by assessing the following business processes, and detailed further below: IT General Controls, Purchasing, Payables and Payments (focus on Procurement and G&Cs), Capital Assets and Inventory, Stewardship of Financial Management Systems, and Financial Close. Additionally, an enhancement was made to the Procurement process as a result of closing outstanding management action plans relating to the Fraud Risk Assessment.

IT General Controls

AAFC has provided the reports from their latest independent audit engagement of the shared SAP system as part of the Annual Testing of Internal Controls over Financial Management (ICFM). This includes the regular ITGC Assessment for the calendar year 2024 as well as the CSAE 3416 Service Auditor Report for the period of February 1, 2024, to January 31, 2025. No recommendations were made, however one low level observation was noted at the HANA appliance database level only, where password expiry was not configured in accordance with AAFC’s guidance. The issue was resolved in February 2025, with risk of impact minimal as the HANA database appliances are in a restricted network application zone where
only approved administrators have access. No risks were identified in the SAP application.

The observation, noted in last years report regarding SAP operating system-level password parameters alignment with Treasury Board Secretariat (TBS) guidance and industry standards, was resolved in May 2024 as planned.

Note that the ECCC Departmental Financial Systems Team performs two annual reviews of SAP user accesses and provides their report to AAFC. The Departmental Internal Control Team also performs a validation of the Phoenix Security Access Control Officer review of roles and accesses report provided to the CFO for attestation, as required by PSPC.

Purchasing, Payables and Payments (PPP)

The PPP assessments specifically targeted the following higher risk areas:

Procurement

The ongoing monitoring assessment served as an update to the 2021-22 assessment to ensure alignment namely with amendments to the TBS Directive on Management of Procurement (2021 and 2024) and TBS Guide to ICFM (2023) and recent audit results, which have led to a reinforcement of requirements in procurement/contracting which increase the risk of non-compliance, particularly for professional services contracts.

An action plan was developed to strengthen quality assurance controls on file documentation and compliance with new professional services requirements and contract amendments. The operating effectiveness of the new professional service requirements and other assessment limitations will be fully performed in 2025-26.

Grants and Contributions (G&Cs)

Following the 2024 Audit of the Administration of G&Cs at ECCC, the ongoing monitoring assessment involved a targeted review of the common spending and financial authority controls, focusing on areas not being addressed by ongoing action plans from the Audit.

An action plan was developed to strengthen controls on SAP system access provisioning for Financial Administration Act (FAA) section 33, to ensure compliance with delegated payment authorities.

Capital Assets and Inventory

The ongoing monitoring assessment of the Capital Assets and Inventory process was completed in accordance with the ICFR Rotational ongoing monitoring plan. Results were communicated to the responsible area and a plan will be developed in early 2025-26 to ensure compliance to the TBS policy, namely the Directive on Material Management and the Directive on Accounting Standards.

Stewardship of Financial Management Systems (FMS)

The operating effectiveness of this process is in progress and initial results were communicated to the responsible area. Risks involving financial management data efficiencies identified during the design phase are being addressed through a financial coding working group, which is currently performing engagements with key stakeholders within ECCC and with the SAP Host (AAFC).

Remaining alignment requirements to the TBS Digital Comptrollership Program (SAP templates) from the design phase, that were being taken into consideration through the annual SAP Cluster Priority Setting Exercise with AAFC, will now be driven by the government-wide shift in Financial Management Transformation Strategy. This whole-of-government shift includes Shared Services Canada (SSC) as the service provider, in addition to clarifying the roles and responsibilities between the Office of the Comptroller General (OCG), SSC, and departments, and providing guidance for an Enterprise-Wide approach that will consolidate financial management solutions on an enterprise platform.

Financial Close

The ongoing monitoring assessment of the Financial Close process was completed with the support of external consultants. The assessment found that key controls are designed and operating to provide reasonable assurance that the risk of non-compliance to the FAA, and to TBS and other Central Agency policies and directives are substantially limited. No recommendations to address control deficiencies, and no management action plans were required. Some areas were highlighted for improvement, notably strengthening controls for account payables at year-end and account receivables at year-end activities.

Public Money and Receivables

The assessment of Public Money and Receivables process has been postponed to 2025-26 so that the Department could prioritize the assessment of the Purchasing, Payables and Payments process (Procurement and G&Cs focus). The ongoing monitoring assessment is underway with the support of external consultants.

Fraud Risk Assessment (FRA)

The ECCC ICFR FRA update in 2022-23 addressed a series of mitigation measures and through the biannual follow-up process of the management action plans, two FRA recommendations were completed and closed, strengthening procurement controls:

• ECCC has implemented a procurement guide with clear and consistent guidance from the precontractual phase all the way to the contract award and close out phases, with embedded resources to facilitate the detect collusion risks and other contractor manipulation red flags.
• Quality Assurance (QA) on procurement files is ongoing and a post-contractual QA process has been implemented, per the ECCC Procurement and Contracting Services Quality Assurance Framework.

Recommendations relating to fraud analytics testing remain outstanding, with progress ongoing.

4. Departmental action plan for the next fiscal year and subsequent years

In 2016, ECCC business processes related to ICFR reached the ongoing monitoring status. Subsequently, a risk-based ongoing monitoring program was implemented, and an annual risk-based assessment is conducted to monitor the effectiveness of its ICFR.

Ongoing monitoring of internal controls begins after completion of initial control assessment and should reoccur every three to five years. The control assessment involves:

• Using a risk-based approach
• Documenting the controls
• Testing for design effectiveness and operating effectiveness
• Developing a management action plan to correct gaps or weaknesses.

ECCC’s five-year risk-based ongoing monitoring plan is rotational and is based on the 2024-25 risk assessment results of ICFR processes, departmental priorities, available resources and workload, and other considerations, such as other relevant assessments, health checks and follow-ups performed by the Office of the Auditor General (namely their reports on ArriveCAN), the OCG or other relevant departments or central agencies (i.e.: providing common services or specific arrangements).

The annual risk-based assessment resulted in the following ICFR business processes to be assessed in 2025-26:

• IT General Controls
• Delegation of Financial Authorities
• Public Money and Receivables
• Purchasing, Payables and Payments

Notable changes to the plan:

• Real Property assessment is postponed to 2026-27 considering the ongoing changes in the Real Property process.
• G&Cs (Transfer Payments) assessment is postponed to 2026-27 considering the ongoing implementation of action plans stemming from the recent Audit of the Administration of Grants and Contributions at ECCC (June 2024).
• PPP (focus on Procurement) will continue to be assessed in 2025-26 for operating effectiveness due to noted assessment limitations (ongoing professional service requirements implementation).
• A second Entity Level Controls assessment was added within the five-year plan to move towards more frequent FRA updates per government best practices.

The Department will continue to prioritize and realign its ICFR assessments to assist the organization in effectively navigating through the careful economic and fiscal management environment: