Ethylene glycol final content: appendix A
Appendix A: List of Tables (1 to 13)
Property | Parameter | Reference | Fugacity Model Input Parameters (Mackay et al. 1995) |
---|---|---|---|
Molecular formula | C2H6O2 | ||
Molecular weight (g/mol) | 62.07 | 62.07 | |
CAS registry number | 107-21-1 | ||
Common synonyms | glycol, glycol alcohol, ethylene alcohol, ethylene dihydrate, monoethylene glycol, 1,2-dihydroxyethane, 1,2-ethanediol | ||
Physical state (25°C) | colourless liquid | ||
Melting point (°C) | -13 -11.5 |
Budavari et al. 1989 Howard 1990 Weast 1982-1983 IPCS 1993 HSDB 1999 |
-13 |
Boiling point (°C) | 197.6 | Budavari et al. 1989 Howard 1990 IPCS 1993 HSDB 1999 |
|
Density (g/mL) at 20°C | 1.1135 1.1 1.1088 1.1130 |
Budavari et al. 1989 IPCS 1993 HSDB 1999 Verschueren 1983 |
|
Vapour pressure (Pa) | 6.7 (20°C) 7 (20°C) 12.27 (5°C) 11.7 (25°C) |
Verschueren 1983 IPCS 1993 Howard 1990 HSDB 1999 |
12 |
Henry's law constant (Pa·m3/mol) | 6.08 × 10-3 5.81 × 10-6 (calculated) 2.37 × 10-5 (calculated) 6.0 × 10-3 (experimental) |
Howard 1990 Hine and Mookerjee 1975 Hine and Mookerjee 1975 Hine and Mookerjee 1975 |
7.5 × 10-3 (calculated based on fictitious water solubility of 1.0 × 105) |
Log Kow | -1.36 -1.93 -2.02 |
Howard 1990 Verschueren 1983 Iwase et al. 1985 |
-1.36 |
Solubility in water | miscible | Budavari et al. 1989 IPCS 1993 |
1.0 × 1011 mg/L |
Conversion factor | multiply by 1.11 g/mL to convert µL/L to mg/L | ||
Half-life -- air | 0.35-3.5 days 0.24-2.4 hours |
Howard et al. 1991 Darnall et al. 1976 |
55 hours |
Half-life -- water | 2-12 days (aerobic) 8-48 days (anaerobic) |
Howard et al. 1991 Howard et al. 1991 |
55 hours |
Half-life -- groundwater | 4-24 days | Howard et al. 1991 | |
Half-life -- soil | 2-12 days | Howard et al. 1991 | 55 hours |
Half-life -- sediment | - | - | 170 hours |
Report Year |
Number of Reporting Facilities |
Total Disposal |
Total Recycled |
Untreated Releases |
Total Glycol Releases |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1994 | 237 | 2 073 | 821 | 2 931 | 5 825 |
1995 | 237 | 3 523 | 359 | 3 857 | 7 739 |
1996 | 275 | 3 775 | 353 | 3 765 | 7 893 |
1997 | 289 | 3 997 | 913 | 4 569 | 9 479 |
1998 | 294 | 2 874 | 2 748 | 2 986 | 8 608 |
1999 | 327 | 3 198 | 1 632 | 2 207 | 7 037 |
2000 | 333 | 4 390 | 7 230 | 2 570 | 14 190 |
2001 | 337 | 5 597 | 3 358 | 2 346 | 11 301 |
2002 | 358 | 5 985 | 2 202 | 1 571 | 9 759 |
2003 | 345 | 5 215 | 2 953 | 2 331 | 10 500 |
2004 | 345 | 4 573 | 2 702 | 2 358 | 9 633 |
2005 | 353 | 5 270 | 2 675 | 2 175 | 10 119 |
Notes: All releases in tonnes. "Untreated Releases" does not include underground injection.
Year | Reporting Facilities |
Compartment | Total Releases |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Air | Water | Land | Underground Injection |
|||
1994 | 178 | 377 | 91 | 2453 | 77 | 2998 |
1995 | 165 | 533 | 72 | 3247 | 220 | 4072 |
1996 | 188 | 504 | 69 | 3188 | 233 | 3994 |
1997 | 192 | 378 | 26 | 4161 | 133 | 4698 |
1998 | 175 | 256 | 33 | 2691 | 139 | 3119 |
1999 | 203 | 284 | 28 | 1890 | 245 | 2447 |
2000 | 190 | 317 | 68 | 2179 | 422 | 2986 |
2001 | 223 | 247 | 58 | 2037 | 123 | 2465 |
2002 | 188 | 312 | 51 | 1206 | 173 | 1742 |
2003 | 185 | 352 | 444 | 1532 | 173 | 2501 |
2004 | 184 | 343 | 545 | 1465 | 126 | 2479 |
All releases in tonnes
Reporting Year |
Untreated Releases |
Disposal | Recycling | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
1998 | 2450 | 1418 | 709 | 4577 |
1999 | 1797 | 1874 | 466 | 4137 |
2000 | 2163 | 3090 | 346 | 5599 |
2001 | 2019 | 4322 | 347 | 6688 |
2002 | 1165 | 4364 | 654 | 6183 |
2003 | 1445 | 4030 | 844 | 6319 |
2004 | 1405 | 3536 | 988 | 5929 |
2005 | 1232 | 4236 | 1277 | 6745 |
Source: NPRI 2005. All releases in tonnes.
Deicing season |
Number of Samples |
Summary statistics and percentiles of distribution of measured concentrations (mg/L) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Median | 75th | 90th | 95th | 99th | Maximum | ||
1997-98 | 1606 | 22 | 4 | 10 | 38 | 80 | 256 | 3700 |
1998-99 | 1676 | 23 | 5 | 12 | 45 | 65 | 180 | 4700 |
1997-99 combined | 3282 | 23 | 5 | 10 | 42 | 72 | 200 | 4700 |
2003-04 | 1508 | 27 | 5 | 12 | 46 | 82 | 478 | 1860 |
2004-05 | 1728 | 19 | 4 | 11 | 51 | 76 | 136 | 2560 |
2003-05 combined | 3236 | 23 | 5 | 12 | 49 | 78 | 224 | 2560 |
Effluent concentration (mg/L) |
Descriptor | EEV in receiving water (mg/L) |
QuotientFootnote a |
---|---|---|---|
4700 | Highest maximum, 1997-1999 seasons | 470 | 0.719 |
200 | 99th Percentile, 1997-1999 seasons | 20 | 0.031 |
72 | 95th Percentile, 1997-1999 seasons | 7 | 0.012 |
2560 | Highest maximum, 2003-2005 seasons | 256 | 0.391 |
224 | 99th Percentile, 2003-2005 seasons | 22 | 0.034 |
78 | 95th Percentile, 2003-2005 seasons | 8 | 0.012 |
Effluent Concentration (mg/L) |
Descriptor | EEV in Receiving Water (mg/L) |
QuotientFootnote a.1 |
---|---|---|---|
4700 | Highest maximum, 1997-1999 seasons | 470 | 0.993 |
200 | 99th Percentile, 1997-1999 seasons | 20 | 0.042 |
72 | 95th Percentile, 1997-1999 seasons | 7 | 0.015 |
2560 | Highest maximum, 2003-2005 seasons | 256 | 0.541 |
224 | 99th Percentile, 2003-2005 seasons | 22 | 0.047 |
78 | 95th Percentile, 2003-2005 seasons | 8 | 0.017 |
Effluent Concentration (mg/L) |
Descriptor | EEV in Receiving Water (mg/L) |
Oxygen DeficitFootnote a.2 (mg/L) |
QuotientFootnote b |
---|---|---|---|---|
4700 | Highest maximum, 1997-1999 seasons | 470 | 57.9 | 16.1 |
200 | 99th Percentile, 1997-1999 seasons | 20 | 3.1 | 0.86 |
72 | 95th Percentile, 1997-1999 seasons | 7 | 1,3 | 0.37 |
2560 | Highest maximum, 2003-2005 seasons | 256 | 32.9 | 9.13 |
224 | 99th Percentile, 2003-2005 seasons | 22 | 3.4 | 0.95 |
78 | 95th Percentile, 2003-2005 seasons | 8 | 1.6 | 0.44 |
Route of Exposure | 0-6 monthsFootnote a.3 | 0.5-4 yrFootnote b.1 |
5-11 yrFootnote c |
12-19 yrFootnote d |
20-59 yrFootnote e |
60 + yrFootnote f |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Formula Fed |
Not Formula Fed |
||||||
Ambient AirFootnote g | 2.6 | 2.6 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 1.9 |
Indoor AirFootnote h | 54.6 | 54.6 | 117.1 | 91.3 | 51.9 | 44.6 | 38.8 |
Food and BeveragesFootnote i | 2.4 | 2.4 | 34.4 | 41.1 | 31.9 | 16.8 | 12.2 |
Drinking WaterFootnote j | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
SoilFootnote k | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Total Intake | 60 | 60 | 157 | 137 | 86 | 64 | 53 |
Route of Exposure | 0-6 monthsFootnote a.4 | 0.5-4 yrFootnote b.2 |
5-11 yrFootnote c.1 |
12-19 yrFootnote d.1 |
20-59 yrFootnote e.1 |
60 + yrFootnote f.1 |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Formula Fed |
Not Formula Fed |
||||||
Ambient AirFootnote g.1 | 5.39 | 5.39 | 11.55 | 9.01 | 5.12 | 4.40 | 3.82 |
Indoor AirFootnote h.1 | 54.6 | 54.6 | 117.1 | 91.3 | 51.9 | 44.6 | 38.8 |
Food and BeveragesFootnote i.1 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 34.4 | 41.1 | 31.9 | 16.8 | 12.2 |
SoilFootnote j.1 | 17 | 17 | 28 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Total Intake | 79 | 79 | 191 | 150 | 91 | 68 | 57 |
Consumer Product Type | Assumptions | Estimated Concentrations and Intakes |
---|---|---|
Latex Wall Paint | Inhalation (do-it-yourself painter)
A worst-case scenario would be if an adult paints one bedroom with one coat of primer and one coat of paint at a maximum ethylene glycol concentration of 5% in both primer and the paint (NLM 2007; ICI 2007) in one day - 7.74 mg/m3 Concentrations would be higher for paints that contain more than 5% ethylene glycol (0.4% of paints sold in Canada) |
Highest 8-hr concentration = Highest instantaneous concentration = |
Latex Wall Paint | Inhalation (adult/child occupant)
A worst-case scenario would be if a child occupant is present when one bedroom is being painted using one coat of primer and one coat of paint at a maximum ethylene glycol concentration of 5% in both primer and the paint (NLM 2007; ICI 2007) in one day - 3.20 mg/m3 Concentrations would be higher for paints that contain more than 5% ethylene glycol (0.4% of paints sold in Canada) |
Highest 8-hr concentration = Highest instantaneous concentration = |
Latex Wall Paint | Dermal (do-it-yourself painter)
Intake = [(% in product)(surface area)(density of product)(film thickness)] / (body weight) Intake = [(0.05)(220 cm2)(1.24 g/cm3)(0.0098 cm)] / 70.9 kg = 0.001885 g/kg-bw per day Or 1.89 mg/kg-bw per day |
Intake = 1.9 mg/kg-bw per day |
Floor Polish/Wax | Inhalation (adult/child occupant)
|
Mean event concentration = 2.1 mg/m3 |
Auto wax/pasteFootnote a.5 | Dermal contact by applicator
Intake = [(% in product)(surface area)(density of product)(film thickness)] / (body weight) Intake = [(0.030)(400 cm2)(1.022 g/cm3)(0.00325 cm)] / 70.9 kg = 0.000562 g/kg-bw per day Or 0.56 mg/kg-bw per day |
Intake = 0.56 mg/kg-bw per day |
End Point | BMD05 (mg/kg/day) |
BMDL05 (mg/kg/day) |
Lack of Fit (P-valueP |
---|---|---|---|
Kidney tubule damage | 39.3 | 18.6 | 0.87 |
Individual nephrons with dethylene glycoleneration | 83.8 | 45.1 | 0.86 |
Individual nephrons with dethylene glycoleneration & occasional oxalate | 217.6 | 75.4 | 0.75 |
Several nephrons with dethylene glycoleneration & frequent crystals | 553.9 | 180.1 | 1.00 |
Nephrons with dethylene glycoleneration & oxalate crystals | 173.4 | 67.3 | 0.90 |
Generalized tubular damage with heavy crystals | 456.5 | 158.1 | 1.00 |
End Point | BMD05 (mg/kg/day) |
BMDL05 (mg/kg/day) |
Lack of Fit (P-value) |
---|---|---|---|
Tubular dilation | 726.5 | 476.1 | 0.70 |
Tubular dilation | 726.5 | 476.1 | 0.70 |
Hydronephrosis | 367.0 | 230.0 | 0.11 |
Oxalate nephrosis | 313.2 | 272.5 | 0.41 |
Calcium oxalate crystalluria | 704.0 | 521.6 | 0.93 |
End Point | BMD05 (mg/kg/day) |
BMDL05 (mg/kg/day) |
Lack of Fit (P-value) |
---|---|---|---|
Extra 14th rib per litter | 141.3 | 23.1 | 0.91 |
Extra 14th rib per fetus | 103.6 | 87.9 | 0.01 |
End Point | BMD05 (mg/kg/day) |
BMDL05 (mg/kg/day) |
Lack of Fit (P-value) |
---|---|---|---|
Wistar rats, crystal nephropathy severity ≥1 vs. severity 0 | 160.7 | 71.5 | 0.92 |
Wistar rats, crystal nephropathy, severity ≥2 vs. severity ≤1 | 194.7 | 73.0 | 0.98 |
Wistar rats, crystal nephropathy, severity ≥3 vs. severity ≤2 | 158.2 | 52.9 | 0.68 |
Wistar rats, crystal nephropathy, severity ≥4 vs. severity ≤3 | 326.4 | 95.1 | 0.98 |
Wistar rats, crystal nephropathy, severity 5 vs. severity ≤4 | 398.5 | 106.6 | 0.96 |
F-344 rats, crystal nephropathy, severity ≥1 vs. severity 0 | 348.0 | 164.3 | 0.82 |
F-344 rats, crystal nephropathy, severity ≥2 vs. severity ≤1 | 367.1 | 214.8 | 0.46 |
F-344 rats, crystal nephropathy, severity ≥3 vs. severity ≤2 | 437.8 | 226.7 | 0.79 |
F-344 rats, crystal nephropathy, severity ≥4 vs. severity ≤3 | 704.3 | 241.6 | 0.99 |
F-344 rats, crystal nephropathy, severity ≥5 vs. severity ≤4 | 704.3 | 241.6 | 0.99 |
End Point | BMD05 (mg/kg/day) |
BMDL05 (mg/kg/day) |
Lack of Fit (P-value) |
---|---|---|---|
Compound-induced nephropathy incidence | 120.1 | 82.0 | 0.49 |
Compound-induced nephropathy severity | 165.4 | 151.1 | 0.38 |
Birefringement crystals incidence | 142.5 | 93.6 | 0.70 |
Birefringement crystals severity | 172.7 | 156.2 | 0.25 |
Target Concentration (mg/m3) |
Average Measured Concentration (mg/m3) |
Maternal Effects Observed | Developmental Effects Observed |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | No effects | No effects |
500 | 360 | No significant effects observed | No significant effects observed |
1000 | 779 | Increased absolute kidney weight | No significant effects observed |
2500 | 2505 | Increased absolute and relative (~7%; p<0.05) kidney weights | Reduced fetal body weights per litter, increase incidence of skeletal variations and fused ribs |