Greenhouse gas offset toolkit
This Greenhouse Gas Offset Toolkit provides information and resources related to carbon markets, the elements and requirements of offset systems and considerations when developing offset projects.
While primarily intended for Indigenous audiences, this information may be helpful to anyone interested in developing an offset project. For detailed information about how to participate in a particular offset program, please refer to the rules for that program.
English
Carbon markets 101
The essentials: carbon markets 101
The essentials: carbon markets 101
What are greenhouse gases?
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are gases which, when released, build up in the atmosphere, absorbing and trapping heat from the sun. This impact has been termed the “greenhouse effect”. The increase of these gases in the atmosphere causes global temperatures to rise and the global climate to change.
Common GHGs include:
- Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
- Methane (CH4)
- Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
- Nitrous oxide (N2O)
- Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Some GHGs have a greater effect on the climate than others. In order to compare them equally, GHGs can be converted into the standard unit of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) based on their global warming potential (GWP). When converted into CO2e, different GHGs can be added together to give total GHG emissions or emission reductions.
Global Warming Potential (GWP):
Methane has a GWP that is 25 times that of carbon dioxide, which means that 1 tonne of methane has the same effect on the climate as 25 tonnes of carbon dioxide, and 1 tonne of methane can be converted to 25 tonnes CO2e.
What are GHG emissions, reductions and removals?
GHG emissions occur when GHGs are released into the air through human activities, such as burning fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel, and through biological processes, like the decomposition of organic matter. GHG emissions can be reduced through actions that reduce or eliminate GHG emitting activities or processes. GHGs can be removed from the atmosphere through natural or engineered capture and storage. For example, plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere as they grow. Technological processes can also capture GHGs and convert them chemically or physically so they can be stored.
What are carbon markets?
A carbon market refers to the buying and selling of credits (also known as tradeable units) that represent GHG emissions, reductions or removals. Organizations or individuals buy tradeable units in a carbon market in order to meet a GHG emissions limit or objective.
There are two types of carbon markets – voluntary and compliance. The type of market depends on whether the tradeable units are used to meet voluntary or regulatory emissions limits.
Individuals or organizations that voluntarily commit to limit the GHG emissions from their activities can use units from the voluntary market to help meet their commitment. For example, some organizations voluntarily commit to be carbon neutral or “net-zero” by a certain year. This means that they commit to reduce their emissions and compensate for any remaining emissions with equivalent GHG removals. Another example is individuals who wish to limit the emissions from their travel or other activities.
Companies that have a limit on their GHG emissions that is set through government regulations can only use units from a compliance market to meet their limits. Non-regulated individuals and organizations may also be allowed to purchase and use units from the compliance market to meet their voluntary emissions reductions goals.
What is an offset credit?
A GHG offset credit (also called a carbon credit) is a tradeable unit that represents one tonne of reduced GHG emissions or GHGs removed from the atmosphere. Offset credits are issued to project proponents that voluntarily reduce emissions or remove GHGs from the atmosphere if they meet the requirements of a GHG offset system. These credits can be sold in a carbon market and used by others for regulatory compliance or to meet voluntary emission reduction objectives.
What is a GHG offset system?
A GHG offset system (also called a GHG offset program) is a set of rules and processes for how offset credits can be generated. In order to generate offset credits, individuals or organizations undertake voluntary projects that meet the offset system rules set by the offset system administrator. In general, these individuals or organizations – referred to as project proponents – must register their project with the offset system administrator and follow a protocol, approved by the administrator, that provides detailed instructions for projects. The offset system administrator makes sure that the project proponent has met the rules of the system before issuing offset credits.
Offset systems directed towards the voluntary market are usually administered by non-government organizations, which set the rules and issue offset credits to project proponents that meet their rules.
Offset systems geared towards the compliance market are usually established by government administrators, which set the rules for how offset credits are generated and issues credits for eligible reductions or removals.
Offset systems established for the voluntary market may allow a wider range of project types and provide greater flexibility to project proponents, while offset systems directed towards regulatory compliance generally have stricter rules.
What is an offset project?
Offset projects are voluntary activities that generate GHG reductions or removals beyond what would have happened without the project (the baseline). Project proponents must register their projects with an offset system administrator, then implement the project, monitor and record project data, and quantify the reductions or removals as required by the offset system rules. They also must have their reduction or removal claims verified by a qualified, independent third party.
Examples of some offset project types include:
- Better management of forests to keep more carbon in trees / soil
- Avoiding releases of methane gas from landfills
- Taking action to protect forests or grasslands from development (so stored carbon is not released)
- Switching to chemicals in refrigeration systems that cause less global warming
- Composting organic waste instead of sending it to the landfill
- Tree planting
- Capturing methane gas generated from livestock manure
- Increasing the amount of carbon stored in agricultural soils through adoption of regenerative practices
Who can be a project proponent?
A project proponent (or project developer) implements an offset project in order to generate offset credits. The offset program administrator sets the rules as to who is eligible to generate offset credits within their system. Some offset systems, for example, have requirements that the project proponent live or have a business in the jurisdiction of the offset system.
What is an offset protocol?
Offset protocols can be thought of as the “recipe” for an offset project. The protocol specifies eligible project activities and gives detailed instructions for how to calculate the number of offset credits generated by the project. Protocols have clear rules for how to set the project baseline (the emissions levels before the project, also known as the “business-as-usual” scenario). They also set out rules for data collection and monitoring, as well as assessing and managing project risks. Offset protocols are generally designed so that the quantification of reductions and removals achieved by the offset project is conservative and does not lead to over-estimates.
What is an offset credit worth?
The value of an offset credit fluctuates over time and depends on several factors:
Supply and demand
The price of offset credits is primarily influenced by supply and demand. If there are many offset credits available with little demand, prices will be low. If there are few offset credits available and a large demand, prices will be higher. The supply of GHG offset credits will depend on the number of offset projects that are generating credits, which is affected by the availability of offset protocols, the investment in offset projects, and the expected demand for offset credits in the future. Offset projects can also take time to start generating and supplying offset credits – up to several years depending on the project type. Demand in the compliance market is influenced by many factors including the stringency of emission reduction regulations and the cost of other emission reductions. Demand in the voluntary market depends on the number of individuals and businesses making voluntary commitments to reduce emissions and the level of ambition of voluntary commitments. These factors make it challenging to predict offset supply, demand, and prices.
Compliance vs voluntary market
Offset credits from systems targeted towards the compliance market generally sell at a higher price because they can be used to meet regulations for emissions reductions. Offset credits geared towards the voluntary market generally sell at lower price.
Type of project generating the offset credit
Some offset credit buyers, particularly in the voluntary market, choose to buy credits from projects that provide other benefits (like biodiversity or community development), are located in a certain area, or have other specific characteristics. These buyers may be willing to pay more for offset credits from certain projects.
Perceived quality of offset credits
The value of offset credits in the voluntary market depend on whether there is confidence that the offset system has strong rules to ensure the projects and the credits they generate are of high quality.
Rules to replace invalid credits
Occasionally, an offset credit may be identified as invalid after it is issued. This could happen because the credit was issued based on incorrect information or because the stored carbon was later released. Program administrators generally require that invalid credits be replaced. Offset systems may require the project proponent or whoever owns the invalid credit to replace it. Some offset systems also have a pool of credits that can be used to replace invalid credits in certain circumstances. Offset credits from systems that make the buyer replace invalid credits are usually sold at a lower price because there is more risk for the buyer.
What is a GHG offset registry?
Reputable offset systems make key information about registered offset projects and offset credits available to the public. A GHG offset registry helps to track where projects are located, who has registered a project and been issued offset credits, whether the credits have been sold, whether the credits have been used, and who used the credits.
Having this information publicly available helps ensure that GHG offset systems are transparent, accountable, and credible. Potential offset credit buyers can check the registry to see that the offset credits they are interested in purchasing have been issued to the project, and have not already been sold, or used by another buyer.
Greenhouse gas offset projects
The essentials: greenhouse gas offset projects
The essentials: greenhouse gas offset projects
Offset project proponents generate offset credits through voluntary activities that reduce GHG emissions or increase the removal and storage of GHGs from the atmosphere, in accordance with an offset protocol. The GHG reductions or removals achieved by the project are quantified (measured and calculated) and verified by a qualified, independent third party according to the offset system rules.
Some offset project types include:
- Better management of forests to keep more carbon in trees / soil
- Avoiding releases of methane gas from landfills
- Taking action to protect forests or grasslands from development (so stored carbon is not released)
- Switching to chemicals in refrigeration systems that cause less global warming
- Composting organic waste instead of sending it to the landfill
- Tree planting
- Capturing methane gas generated from livestock manure
- Increasing the amount of carbon stored in agricultural soils through adoption of regenerative practices
Offset systems are based on the following principles to ensure there is a high degree of trust in the system. An offset project must follow all of these principles so that there is confidence in the offset credits generated.
Real:
The offset project must achieve GHG emissions reductions or removals through a specific and measurable activity. The project proponent needs to demonstrate that the GHG reductions or removals have actually been achieved.
Additional:
The offset project must reduce or remove GHGs beyond what was going to happen without the offset project, also known as the baseline scenario or business-as-usual case.
If the GHG reductions or removals would have occurred without the offset project, the project is not additional.
Quantifiable:
The offset project proponent needs to accurately account for the GHG reductions or removals they achieve, in accordance with the offset protocol they use. This means using approved methods and measurement devices to collect data and calculate GHG reductions or removals.
Permanent:
There may be a risk that the carbon stored by a project is released in the future (either voluntarily or involuntarily). For projects that increase the capture and storage of CO2 in plants, trees, soils geological formations, or prevent the release of carbon, the project proponent must ensure the permanence of the GHG removals or emissions reductions for a required amount of time.
- Offset systems commonly require that CO2 storage be maintained for significant periods, up to 100 years after the offset credits are generated.
- Offset system administrators may hold back some portion of the offsets credits generated as a form of insurance that can be used in case there are involuntary releases of stored CO2 in the future.
- If project proponents release the stored CO2 on purpose (such as by cutting down a forest), they may have to pay back the credits they were issued.
Unique:
An offset project can only be registered under one offset system at a time and the GHG reductions can only be credited once. Ensuring uniqueness avoids situations referred to as double counting, which can lead to an overestimation of the total GHG reductions achieved by the offset project.
Verifiable:
Information about the project must be collected and recorded so that this information can be reviewed and confirmed by a qualified, independent third party.
Scope
In addition to the above principles, an offset system will have specific rules about what projects can participate in the system.
Scope defines the types of activities or characteristics a project must have in order to register to generate offset credits. This may include project start date, location, project activities and what GHGs are being reduced or removed.
Project start date
The project start date corresponds to when the project activity begins. The project activity start date is usually defined by the protocol but is typically when work has started to implement the project or when GHG reductions begin. A project start date is important because projects that start before the allowed start date in the offset system are not considered additional. A project must have started on or after the allowed start date to be able to register in the system.
Project location
Offset systems and protocols apply to specific geographic regions where offset projects must be located. An offset system or protocol might be applicable across the country, or only in a single province or region.
Project activities
Not all activities can generate offsets. An offset protocol will identify which activities can generate offset credits.
Targeted GHGs
While there are many different activities that are good for the environment, GHG offset systems are focused on projects that reduce or remove greenhouse gases. Different offset projects reduce or remove different types of GHGs. Forest projects target CO2, while waste projects often target methane (CH4). An offset system or protocol may identify which GHG reductions or removals can generate offset credits.
Benefits of greenhouse gas offset projects
The essentials: benefits of greenhouse gas offset projects
The essentials: benefits of greenhouse gas offset projects
Economic
Taking part in an offset project represents an economic development opportunity. Offset projects create a revenue stream from the sale of offset credits that can help fund community priorities. Projects in sectors such as forestry, agriculture and waste management can present employment opportunities. In communities where employment is tied to natural resource development, offset projects may be able to provide jobs related to better management of the land and reduced carbon pollution.
Environmental
Offset projects represent a way to earn revenue from activities that mitigate climate change. Offset projects that involve improvements in land management practices may also offer other environmental co-benefits such as improved wildlife habitat, soil quality, water quality, and conservation of forest.
Social
Land-based projects can improve wildlife and plant populations for cultural and traditional use, and support activities such as hunting and harvesting. Other project types related to waste management can reduce the risks of harmful pollutants and improve community well-being and health. Offset project development may also help to build community capacity through the development of new skills and knowledge.
Implementing a greenhouse gas offset project
The essentials: implementing a greenhouse gas offset project
The essentials: implementing a greenhouse gas offset project
If your community is interested and ready to implement an offset project, the following steps describe the process. Trusted partners with experience in carbon markets and offset project development may be able to help build capacity and develop the technical knowledge needed to implement a greenhouse gas (GHG) offset project.
1. Selection of offset system and protocol
Each offset system has its own requirements for participation, so it is worth assessing the options available for your project type and location.
Having a sense of who might buy your offset credits should be considered when choosing to participate in a particular offset system. If your project offers significant additional benefits, such as biodiversity or habitat protection, it may be attractive to buyers in the voluntary market. Credits issued by offset systems geared towards the compliance market may be of most interest to large GHG emitters subject to regulatory requirements. Depending on supply and demand, offset credits generated for the compliance market may sell for a higher price than those directed towards the voluntary market.
The offset system you select must have an offset protocol available for your offset project type.
Identify the relevant offset protocol based on the project activities and ensure your project can meet the requirements of the offset system and the relevant offset protocol.
2. Planning an offset project
The planning phase of an offset project may require substantial time and effort; however, this phase will help ensure the success of the project. Some offset system administrators may require project proponents to submit a project plan prior to project registration.
3. Validation
Some offset system administrators require project proponents to engage a qualified, independent third party to check project information for correctness prior to project registration. The validator will provide an opinion as to whether the project proponent has designed the project according to the requirements set out in the protocol and can expect to successfully generate the estimated number of GHG offset credits.
Most systems do not require validation; however, validation may still be helpful to provide confidence that the project will generate the expected credits (and may be helpful in getting financing for the project), particularly if a project proponent does not have previous experience with offset projects. The project proponent is responsible for hiring and paying the third party to do the validation. A company with experience in the specific offset system and project type, as well as GHG accounting should be selected.
4. Registration of project in the offset system
All systems require project proponents to provide specific information about the project as part of the registration application. The procedures and information required to register the project will differ by system, but required information can include:
4A. Project summary
- Includes project description, location, GHG being reduced or removed, start date and the protocol that is being used.
4B. Entitlement to GHG reductions
- An offset project proponent must demonstrate entitlement (ownership or rights) to the GHG emission reductions or removals and the offset credits generated by the project.
- This is important so that there are no competing claims on the same GHG reductions and so that they are not counted twice.
- Some funding programs may claim entitlement to all or part of the reductions achieved by a project, so it is important to understand how receipt of government funding for the project activity may impact the ability to participate in an offset system.
- Establishing entitlement to GHG reductions and removals and the resulting offset credits may take time, so it is important that the community begin to determine their entitlement in the early stages of project development.
- There are three common scenarios:
Project is on private land
The project proponent is the landowner or has a legal agreement with the landowner that assigns entitlement to GHG removals or emissions reductions from activities on the land.
Project is on Reserve land or land owned by the community
The project proponent is the community or has a legal agreement with the community that assigns entitlement to GHG removals or emissions reductions from activities on the land.
Project is on Indigenous traditional territory on Crown Land
Entitlement to GHG removals or emission reductions rests with the Crown until assigned otherwise. Communities would need to come to an agreement with the provincial or federal government in order to demonstrate entitlement to GHG removals or emission reductions. In BC, these agreements are called “Atmospheric Benefits Sharing Agreements”.
4C. Baseline scenario and project scenario
- The baseline scenario (also known as the business-as-usual case) is a description of the activities and GHG emissions that would have occurred without the implementation of the offset project.
- The project scenario is a description of the activities and an estimate of the GHG emission reductions or removals that will be achieved by the offset project, according to the offset protocol.
4D. Identification of sources, sinks, and reservoirs
Source
A process that releases GHGs into the atmosphere. Sources can include fuel combustion or fertilizer use.
Sink
A process that removes GHGs from the atmosphere. Sinks include the capture and storage of carbon in plants, trees and soils.
Reservoir
A component that has the capacity to accumulate, store and release GHGs. Reservoirs can include plants, trees and soils.
- Include all relevant greenhouse gas sources, sinks and reservoirs for the project activity as described in the offset protocol.
- A protocol may allow certain emissions sources to be excluded from the GHG accounting if the source is not impacted by the project activities.
4E. Additionality
- A project proponent will have to demonstrate that the GHG reductions achieved by the project would not have occurred without the project, i.e. they are additional.
- Key aspects of additionality are that the project activities are not already common practice or required by regulations.
- In some offset systems it is up to the project proponent to show how their project is additional because there are certain barriers to its implementation.
4F. Risk mitigation plan
- For projects that increase the capture and storage of carbon in plants, trees, soil, or geologic formations, project proponents will need to assess the risk that the carbon will later be released into the atmosphere due to unforeseeable events.
- A risk management plan includes a description of any measures and monitoring activities to reduce that risk.
- Examples of risks for a forest project are natural events such as wildfire, insect infestation or windstorms.
4G. Leakage
- Leakage occurs if an activity or demand for the products of an activity shift to another location when the project is implemented. This causes increases in GHGs elsewhere. An example is reducing forest harvest in one area leading to increases in forest harvest somewhere else.
- Identify characteristics of the project that will affect the rate of leakage.
4H. Estimate of GHG reductions
- Include an estimate of the GHG reductions or removals that will be achieved by the project, based on the rules and methodologies in the GHG offset protocol. A consultant or project partner with expertise in quantification can assist in determining this estimate.
5. Implementation
The offset project is carried out following the rules of the offset system and protocol. This includes the activities to reduce or remove GHGs, but also the collection of information and maintenance of records needed to quantify (measure and calculate) and verify the reductions or removals. Quantification is the process of collecting data and calculating the amount of GHG reductions or removals achieved by the project and, therefore, the number of credits that are generated.
6. Monitoring
The GHG emission reductions or removals are quantified using methods set out in the selected offset protocol. This can include using information about the project activities (amount of fuel, electricity or fertilizer used, amount timber harvested, etc.) and emissions factors for those activities to estimate the amount of GHGs emitted as a result. Emissions factors are used to convert data about activities (e.g., volume of fuel consumed, amount of electricity used or quantity of fertilizer applied) into GHG emissions data . In other cases, computer models are used to estimate emissions. The approach to estimating GHG emissions and removals from agricultural land or forestry includes a combination of repeated measurements and computer modeling.
Offset projects that involve increasing the biological storage of carbon in plants, trees, soil or geological formations must monitor the permanence of those GHG removals during the project and after the crediting period ends. A project monitoring plan must include:
- Procedures for gathering and managing information
- Description of how the sources, sinks and reservoirs will be monitored
7. Reporting
Reporting allows for transparency and accountability of GHG offset projects in an offset system. The project proponent needs to regularly submit verified project reports to the offset system administrator in order to receive offset credits. Reporting requirements are set out in offset system protocols and rules.
8. Verification
Verification is an important step to ensure the quality and integrity of the offset project, and create confidence in the accuracy of project reports. Once a project proponent operates the project for a specified amount of time (often a minimum of one year), the project proponent must hire a qualified, independent third party Verification Body to confirm:
- the offset project has been implemented in accordance with its protocol and the rules of the offset system.
- the amount of GHG reductions or removals achieved is accurate.
The project proponent provides monitoring information and other project records to the Verification Body. The offset system rules will specify verification requirements, including the experience and professional qualifications or accreditation that the Verification Body must possess.
9. Credit issuance
Once the offset system administrator is satisfied that all system rules have been followed, they will issue GHG offset credits to the project proponent. According to the offset system rules, the program administrator may hold back a certain number of credits generated by the project in a buffer pool or environmental integrity account. The program administrator would draw from the pool to make up for credits issued by the offset system that they later found to be invalid.
10. Sale of credits
Although the sale of offset credits can be seen as the final step of an offset development process, it is helpful to understand early in the project development process who will buy the credits, how many credits they will buy, and the price they will pay per credit.
Because offset credit prices can change, there is a trade-off between price certainty if purchase agreements are negotiated in advance, and trying to sell at the best possible price. Offset credits can also be sold directly to the user of the offset credits or to an agent such as a broker or wholesaler. Selling to an agent means the agent does the work to find buyers in the market. Selling directly to the user requires more work to find buyers and negotiate sales agreements, but may allow credits to be sold at a higher price.
Planning a Project in Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Offset Credit System
The essentials: Planning a Project in Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Offset Credit System
The essentials: Planning a Project in Canada's Greenhouse Gas Offset Credit System
Canada's Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Offset Credit System provides an incentive to carry out projects that reduce GHG emissions or increase the removal of GHGs from the atmosphere. The ability to generate federal offset credits that can be sold creates opportunities to earn revenue for activities that result in GHG reductions. This helps stimulate innovation and channel investments to these activities.
Before deciding to register a project in Canada's GHG Offset Credit system, project proponents must consider a number of factors including:
- Project eligibility
- Costs and benefits
- Capacity and resource needs
Ensuring the project is eligible to register
Not all activities that reduce GHGs can be an offset project under Canada's GHG Offset Credit System. Projects in the federal GHG offset system must meet the requirements of the Canadian Greenhouse Gas Offset Credit System Regulations (the Regulations) and the federal offset protocol applicable to the project. The Regulations set out general rules and requirements applicable to all projects, and the protocols include requirements for specific project types. Both the Regulations and the applicable protocol should be considered together when planning and implementing an offset project. New protocols are developed on an ongoing basis to expand the opportunities for GHG offset projects. Understanding whether a project meets all the requirements to be eligible to register in the federal GHG offset system should be the first step of project planning.
Assessing Costs and Benefits
Costs and benefits should be considered over the entire period of the project. There are costs associated with all phases of a GHG offset project that must be considered as part of assessing its financial feasibility. These costs will vary based on the size, complexity, and type of project. Many of the costs are ongoing throughout the duration of the project and will occur well in advance of receiving any revenues from the sale of credits. Major areas of cost in terms of time and resources include:
- Project development – Planning, negotiating partnerships, assessing feasibility, gathering resources and data, and preparing registration documents
- Hiring Experts – Getting any required assistance from specialists to help with elements of the project
- Project financing – Raising required capital
- Project activities – Undertaking the activities that generate GHG reductions
- Quantification – Measuring, collecting data, and quantifying GHG reductions
- Reporting – Preparing periodic project reports
- Verification – Hiring an accredited third-party verification body to conduct site visits and verify project reports before they are submitted
- Transaction costs – Marketing your credits, finding buyers, and negotiating purchase agreements
In addition, for those projects that involve agreements with partners, the project proponent should take into consideration any costs resulting from sharing of project benefits with partners.
Depending on the project type, credits may be generated fairly quickly, or it may take some time before GHG reductions result in offset credits being issued. When planning a project, consider how the up-front costs will be financed before revenues are generated. If funding is required from financial institutions or investors, it will be necessary to consider the costs of interest paid on loans or returns paid to investors.
Additional Considerations for Carbon Sequestration Projects
There are additional considerations for projects that involve carbon sequestration. There may be opportunity costs in the form of trade-offs between the GHG offset project and other potential land uses such as building, mining or intensive forest harvest. However, GHG offset projects may allow for continued use for hunting and other cultural or traditional uses.
For forestry-related projects, major project costs include conducting a forest carbon inventory, modelling how the forest carbon stock will increase over time with and without the project, and ongoing monitoring of forest growth. These activities may require expertise from a forest professional.
For carbon sequestration projects there is also a need to address risks that the sequestered carbon for which credits are generated will be released back into the atmosphere (also known as a reversal). This involves the development of a reversal risk management plan.
Long-term monitoring for potential reversals is required and must continue for the length of time specified in the Regulations. In the federal GHG offset system, monitoring must continue for 100 years after the crediting period ends.
Credits must be sold to a buyer in order to generate revenue from the credits. Having a buyer identified early on can help increase certainty regarding the project's financial feasibility. Price is negotiated between the seller and the buyer and is not set by the offset system. Carbon markets continue to evolve, and the pool of potential buyers creating demand for credits may also change over time.
Potential buyers may be companies, governments or individuals that are required to use offset credits because of regulations (the compliance market), or that choose to do so (voluntary demand). Increasing regulation of GHG emissions and an increasing price on carbon could result in higher prices for GHG offset credits in the future, but it is important to make conservative assumptions when planning a project.
There are various ways of selling credits, whether directly to a credit user or through a broker, trader, or retailer. These methods involve varying levels of marketing effort, transaction costs, potential price, and certainty over time.
The federal GHG offset system allows several options that may increase the financial feasibility of projects and should be incorporated into project planning.
Aggregation
Canada's GHG offset credit system allows projects that use the same protocol to be aggregated (grouped) if certain conditions are met. This may allow for cost saving and greater efficiency in project registration, implementation, monitoring, reporting, and verification, and therefore may increase overall financial feasibility in comparison to each project implemented individually.
Complementary funding sources
Sometimes revenues from offset projects are not enough to make a project financially viable. Projects that register in the federal GHG offset system can benefit from other funding incentives, as long as the proponent of the project is entitled to claim the credits issued for the GHG reductions generated by the project and the funding program rules do not prevent the project from participating in an offset system. This expands the options available for project funding by allowing access to grants or incentive programs, in addition to securing loans or investments. However, many funding programs involve cost sharing, and some funding programs may claim some of the GHG reductions achieved by a project. This is important to ensure that credited GHG reductions are not double counted.
Leverage other initiatives
It may be possible to earn credits for other benefits of a GHG offset project besides GHG reductions. Benefits such as biodiversity or habitat improvement, or improved water quality could generate credits from another program. The requirements of the other crediting program and the federal GHG offset system must be met. Conservation and environmental monitoring programs may also be complementary to some offset project types. Where possible, design your project to meet multiple objectives.
Land-based projects that are Indigenous-led or involve Indigenous communities
Recognizing the relationship of Indigenous peoples to the land and their extensive knowledge of past and current environmental conditions, federal offset protocols may include measures related to the involvement of Indigenous communities in permanence monitoring and reversal risk management planning. These measures can reduce the contribution of credits to the insurance pool for potential reversals, called the Environmental Integrity Account.
Validation
While it is not required under the federal GHG offset system, validation of a project by a qualified third party can help increase certainty that the project will be eligible to register and able to generate offset credits.
Ensuring sufficient capacity and resources
Development of a GHG offset project involves significant investments of time, effort and resources. Building the capacity and assembling the resources may be a big part of the work to launch a successful project. Seek out available information and learn from existing projects where possible. Canada's Greenhouse Gas Offset Credit System Public Registry provides key information on registered projects.
If assistance is required in developing, financing or implementing a project, seek out partners that share your goals and are willing to take the time required to ensure that all parties have the information needed to make informed decisions.
When deciding to work with an offset project developer or other project partner, clarity and common understanding of respective roles and responsibilities is essential. An offset project can be a long-term undertaking and it is important that partners know what each is committed to contributing and who is responsible for risks associated with the project.
Questions to ask potential partners:
- What is the partner's experience with similar projects?
- How will the benefits and risks from the project be shared?
- What happens if the project generates more or fewer credits than estimated?
- Has the partner identified buyers for the credits, and how much certainty is there for the sale quantity and price?
- What is the time period of agreements, and can they be terminated?
Exercise due diligence and, if possible, speak with others who have worked with the partner. Seek legal advice before entering into any agreements. Partnerships should involve ongoing information sharing and collaboration.
Profit / credit | Price Certainty | Effort | |
---|---|---|---|
Direct to Buyer | high | low | high |
Broker / Retailer | medium | low | low |
Forward Contract | medium | high | medium |
Ojibwe
Gechi-inendaagwak
- Gaa-bagidanaamong Gaa-adaawaadeg 101
- Gaa-naagwasinog Gaa-izhiseg gaaban ganedat Izhichigewinan
- Gaa-onji-onizhishing Gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming gaaban ganedat Izhichigewinan
- Izhichigeng iwe Gaa-naagwaasinong Ishpiming gaaban ganedat Izhichigewin
- Zhizhegaywiinan naakonan Kanada Aniibiish Inaazo Wasaganii Mide Ganazhigadeg Ganayiimagaag
Gaa-bagidanaamong Gaa-adaawaadeg 101
Gechi-inendaagwak: Gaa-bagidanaamong Gaa-adaawaadeg 101
Gechi-inendaagwak: Gaa-bagidanaamong Gaa-adaawaadeg 101
Wegonen Gaa-naagwasinong ishpiming Gaa-gizhideg?
Amii ini GHGs gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming gaa-ayaag, ozhi’oomaganoon ishpiming, giizisong onji-ozhi’oomagan gizhidewin. Mii dash iwe gaa-izhinikaadeg “Gaa-naagwasinong Gaa-izhiseg” Bagidinigaadeg iwe gaa-naagwasinog ji-gizhidemagak ishpiming mii ge-izhi-gizhideg aki miziwe gaye ji-aanjiseg gaa-izhiwebak miziwe.
Mii ono GHGs gaa-wiindegin:
- Bezhig dinookaan Gaa-naagwasinog Gaa-bagidanaamong (CO2)
- Gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming waasiganing izhi-aabadan
- Anaamakamig gaa-onjiimagak gaa-naagwasinog (CH4)
- Gaa-naagwasinog dakisijiganing gaa-izhi-aabadak
- Gaa-naagwasinog gaa-aabadak gii-bakodaabideng
- Gaa-naagwasinog gaa-aabadak dakisijiganing
Aanind GHGs nawach da-gizhideshkaagemaganoon apiich godak. Ji-gojichigaadegin ini GHGs daa-dagonigaade iwe gaa-naagwasinog CO2e aaniin epiichi-gizhideshkaamaganogwen (GWP). CO2e gii-aanjiseg iwe, bakaan dino GHGs daa-achigaadewan ji-bagijiseg iwe GHG gaa-naagwasinog gemaa gaawiin.
Gaa-ani-gizhideg miziwe akiing (GWP):
Iwe Anaamakamig gaa-onjiimagak gaa-naagwasinog ayaamagan GWP 25 dasing na-wach daa-gizhideshkaagemagan apiich wiin iwe Gaa-bagidanaamoying, giishpin 1 gichi-dibaabiishkoojigan iwe Anaamakamig gaa-on-jiimagak gaa-naagwasinog nasaab daa-inishkaagemagan daabish-koo iwe gaa-bagidanaamong gaye 1 gichi-dibaabiishkooji-gan izhi-aanjichigaadeg 25 gichi-dibaabiishkoojigan gaa-bagidanaamoying.
Wegonenan GHG gaa-bagijisegin, gaa-ani-agaasiinadak gaye gaa-odaapinigaadeg?
GHG bagijisewan gii-bagidinigaadegin ishpiming GHGs giishpin gii-aabajichigaadeg waasiganibimide gaye diizan waasiganibimide gaye gii-wanaadak gaa-gii-bimaadiziimagak. Nawach bangii GHG daa-bagijise giishpin nawach bangii aabajichigaadegin waasiganibimiden. GHGs daa-onji-odaapinigaadewan ishpiming giishpin eshkwaad igo izhiseg gemaa bemaadizid odaapinang gaye ganawendang. Daabishkoo giishpin gitigaanan odaapinamowaad iwe gaa-bagidanaamoying gii-nitaawigigin. Gaye gaa-nagajitoowaad owe dinookaan o-daa-odaapinaanaawaan GHGs gaye ji-aanjitoowaad gaa-izhiiyaanigin ji-ganawendamowaad.
Wegonen iwe gaa-bagidanaamoying ge-izhi-adaawaadegiban?
Mii iwe gaa-ijigaadeg ji-adaawengiban gaye ji-adaawaadegiban iwe ganedat (gaye ge-adaawaadegiban) ini GHG gaa-bagijisegin, gaa-ani-agaasiinokin gemaa gaa-odaapinigaadegin. Izhichigewinan gemaa awiyag gaa-adaawewaad ganedat ge-adaawaadegi-baniin gii-adaawaadeg gaa-bagidanaamong ji-bagidinang GHG.
Niizhwayag ayaawan ge-izhi-adaawaadegiban gaa-bagidanaamong – wiin igo ji-doodang bizaanigo gemaa ji-inind ji-doodang. Wegonen ge-odaapinigaadeg da-izhise giishpin wiin igo ganedat wii-adaawed gemaa inind ji-adaawed iwe gaa-bagijiseg.
Awiyag gemaa izhichigewinan gaa-inendamowaad bangii eta ji-bagidinamowaad GHG ishpiming o-daa-aabajitoonaawaan ini ge-adaawaagewaapan ji-gashkitoowaad gaa-wii-izhichigewaad. Daabishkoo, aanind izhichigewinan inendamowaad gaawiin ji-bagi-dinanziwaad gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming bezhigo-biboon izhiseg. Amii ekidowaad gaawiin aapiji o-da-bagidinanziinaawaa iwe gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming meshkwach dash naasaab minik GHG o-da-odaapinaanaawaa. Bezhig miinawaa giishpin awiyag inendamowaad gaawiin ji-bagidinanziwaad gaa-naagwasinog gaawiin babaa-ayaasigwaa ishpiming.
Ini izhichigewinan gaa-ikidowaad bangii eta ji-bagidinamowaad gaa-naagwasinog e-inaakonindwaa ogimaawining onji gaa-onji-bagidinindwaa ji-adaawaagewaad eta da-izhichigewag. Igi gaa-inaakonindwaa gaawiin memwaach ji-biminizha’amowaad inaakonigewin da-bagidinaawag ji-adaawewaad gaye ji-aabajitoowaad ge-aabajitoowaad ji-bagidinamowaad.
Wegonen iwe gaaban ganedat?
Mii iwe (gaye gaaban ganedat izhinikaade) daa-adaawaade bezhig gichi-dibaabiishkoojigan GHG ji-bagidinigaadegin gemaa GHGs ji-onji-odaapinigaadegin ishpiming. Ini gaaban ganedat ge-adaawaadegiban gaa-bagidinang bangii nawach ji-aabajichigaadeg GHGs miinaawag, giishpin izhichigewaad gaa-inindwaa ji-izhichigewaad. Ono dash gaaban ganedat adaawaadewan gaa-izhi-adaawewaad ini dinookaanan gaye bakaan awiyag ji-aabajitoowaad gaa-bagidinindwaa gemaa bangii eta ji-bagidinamowaad iwe ishpiming.
Wegonen iwe GHG gaaban ganedat izhichigewin?
Iwe GHG gaaban ganedat bagidiniwewin (gaye GHG gaaban ganedat izhichigewin izhinikaade) ikidom aaniin ge-ayizhiing ji-aabajichigaadegin ini gaaban ganedat. Ji-aabajichigaadegin ini gaaban ganedatan, awiyag gemaa izhichigewinan da-izhichigewag gaa-inindwaa minik ji-bagidinamowaad iwe gaa-dazhinjigaadeg. Ogo awiyag gemaa izhichigewinan – gaa-dazhiikamowaad ono izhi-chigewinan – o-daa-ozhibii’aanaawaan odizhichigewiniwaa e-wii-izhichigewaad, ji-biminizha’amowaad gaa-inindwaa ji-doodamowaad, gaa-izhi-bagidinindwaa, ji-wiindeg aaniing ge-izhichigewaad. Awe gaa-naagajitood owe da-ikido iwe izhichigewining gaa-anokii-waad e-gii-biminizha’amowaad gaa-gii-inindwaa jibwaa-aabajitoowaad ini ganedads.
Gaawiin wiin ogimaawining onjiisiiwag igi gaa-naagajitoowaad ono izhichigewinan aaniish ozhichigaadewan inaakonigewinan ge-bimi-nizha’amowaad igi gaa-dazhiikamowaad ini izhichigewinan.
Ogimaawining dash wiin onjiimaganoon ini gaa-dazhiikamowaad gaa-inindwaa aaniin ge-izhichigewaad, ozhichigaadewan inaakoni-gewinan aaniin ge-izhi-aabajichigaadegin ini ganedads gaye e-ozhichigaadegin ini ganedad ge-aabajichigaadegin.
Ini gaye ozhichigaadewan ji-aabajitoowaad igi gaawiin ge-bagidini-gesigwaa ishpiming niibiwa dinookaanan izhichigewinan gaye aanii-nigo ji-izhichigewaapan aabajitoowaad ini izhichigewinan, nawach niibiwa ji-biminizha’amowaad inaakonigewinan.
Wegonen iwe gegoon gaa-adaawaadegiban izhichigewin?
Ini gaa-dazhinjigaadegin wiinawaa go gaa-dazhiikamowaad ji-bagi-jisegin GHG ishpiming daa-gii-izhise gaawiin memwaach ji-izhiseg iwe izhichigewin. Igi gaa-dazhiikamowaad o-daa-ozhibii’aanaawaan odizhichigewini-waan gaa-naagajitoonid, miinawaa ji-doodamowaad iwe, gaye ji-naagadawaabandamowaad gaye ji-ozhibii’amowaad wayaabandamowaad gaye enendamowaad, gaa-inindwaa ji-doodamowaad. Gaye daa-ozhibii’igaadeniwan gaa-ikidowaad bangii eta e-gii-agidinamowaad imaa ishpiming, awiyan gaa-inwaazonid ji-ozhibii’ang.
Daabishkoo ono dinookaanan gaa-ijigaadegin:
- Nawach babenak ji-naagajichigaadegin mitigwakiin ji-ayaamagak iwe gaa-bagidanaamoying mitigong / azhashkiing.
- Ji-manaa-bagijiseg iwe anaamakamig gaa-onjiimagak gaa-naagwasinog imaa gaa-izhi-ningwa’igaadeg azhashki akiing.
- Ji-naadamawindwaa mitigoog gaye mashkosi ji-aabajitoosigwaa igi gaa-waakaa’igewaad (ji-bagijisesinog gaa-naagwasinog)
- Ji-aabajichigaadeg bakaan gegoon imaa dakisijiganing gaawiin dash ji-onji-gizhidesinog aki miziwe.
- Ji-izhichigeng ji-wanaadak webinigan apiichwiin webiniganikaang ji-izhi-webinigaadeg
- Ji-nitaawigi’indwaa mitigoog
- Ji-odaapinigaadeg gaa-naagwasinog bizhikiwi-moowing gaa-ayaag.
- Nawach niibiwa ji-ayaamagak gaa-naagwasiog gaa-bagidanaamoying imaa gitige-azhashkiing.
Awenen ge-izhichigepan ono dinookaan izhichigewin?
Awe ge-izhichigepan owe (gaa-dazhiikang izhichigewin) omaajitoon owe dinookaan ji-bagidinind ji-bagidiniged ishpiming bizaanigo. Awe gaa-naagajitood dash ikido ge-inaakonigeng awenen ge-gash-kitoopan ji-aabajitood iwee izhichigewin. Aanind izhichigewinan inaawag ji-izhidaad imaa awe gaa-anokiitang izhichigewining gemaa ji-dananokiid besho imaa gaa-dazhiikang odizhichigewin.
Wegonenan ini izhichigewin inaakonigewinan?
Izhichigewinan inaakonigewininan ikidoomaganoon aaniin ge-izhichiged awe gaa-anokiitang iwe. Wiindamaagem awenenag ge-daziikamowaad iwe gaye aan mayaa ge-izhichigeng ji-debinigaadeg aan minik ge-adaawaadegibaniin apii dazhiikigaadeg iwe izhichigewin. D-wiindamaagem gaye aaniin ge-ayizhiing (aaniin minik ge-bagidinigaadeg gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming, daabishkoo sa go gaa-izhichigeng bizhishig). Da-wiindamaagewag gaye aaniin minik gikendaasowin ge-maawa-jichigaadeg ge-naagajichigaadeg, gaye naagadawaabanjigaadeg iwe izhichigewin aaniin ge-izhi-maanzhichigemagakiban. Ono gaa-dazhinjigaadegin izhichigaadeg ji-gikenjigaadeg bangii eta gemaa gii-odaapinigaadeg bagijisewin imaa izhichigewining deminik gaawiin gaye ozaam niibiwa ji-inenjigaadeg ji-ayaamagak.
Aan epiitendaagwak iwe gaaban ganedat?
Bakaan da-apiitendaagwan iwe izhichigewin ani-akiiwang ono dash ge-onji-izhiseg:
Eyaamagak gaye endawenjigaadeg
Minik eyaamagak gaye minik endawenjigaadegin ini gaa-dazhinji-gaadegin da-apiitagindewan. Giishpin niibiwa ayaamagakin ini gaaban ganedat gaawiin dash aapiji andawendaagwakin, da-niisagindewan. Giishpin dash bangii eta gaaban ganedat ayaagin, niibiwa dash awiyag andawendamowaad, da-ishpagindewan. Minik eyaamagakin ganedat izhichigewinan gaa-izhi-ozhi’oomagakin ganedat da-onji-ayaawan ini GHG gaaban ganedat gaye minik eyaamagakin gaaban ganedat inaakonigewin, zhooniyaa ge-asind imaa gaaban ganedat, gaye aan minik ge-andawenjigadegin gaaban ganedat ani-akiiwang. Maagizhaa gaye ganedat izhichigewinan ginwesh da-izhisewan ji-maajii-ozhi-oomagak gaaban ganedatan – niibiwa daso-gikinoonowin. Niibiwa gegoon gaa-izhiseg da-onji-andawenjigaade iwe ikidong ji-adaawaadeg daabishkoo bangii eta bagijiseg gaa-naagwasinog ishp-ming gaye gaa-inagindegin godak gaa-bagijisegin. Aaniin minik igi gaa-ikidowaad bangii eta ji-bagidinamowaad iwe gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming gaye minik enendamowaad da-ikidoomagan aaniin minik ge-anawenjigaadeg iwe bizaanigo ji-adaawaageng gaa-ijigaadeg. Mii wenji-zanagak ji-ikidong aaniin minik ge-andawenjigaadeg iwe gaaban ganedat ayaamagak, gaye endawendaagwak gaye ge-inagindeg.
Inaakonigeng gemaa bizaanigo ji-adaawaageng
Ge-aabadakin ini gaaban ganedat imaa gaa-izhi-inaakonigeng adaawewining nawach niibiwa inagindewan aaniish daa-aabajichigaadewan gii-inaakonigeng bangii ji-bagijiseg ishpiming gaa-naagwasinog. Ini gaaban ganedat ge-aabadakin bizaanigo ji-adaawaadeg nawach niisagindewan.
Dinookaan izhichigewin ge-onji-ozhi’oomagak gaaban ganedat
Aanind gaa-adaawewad gaaban ganedatan, daabishkoo bizaanigo ji-adaawewaad, izhichigewinan onji-adaawewag ge-onji-minosewaad (daabishkoo biodiversity gemaa ji-minochigaadeg dazhiikewin) ngoji gaye izhi-ayaamagan gemaa godak gegoon. Ogo nawach niibiwa da-wii-diba’igewag ini gaaban ganedatan aaninda izhichigewining.
Enenjigaadegin epiitendaagwakin gaaban ganedatan
Epiitendaagwakin gaaban ganedatan imaa bizaanigo gaa-izhi-adaawaa-degin minik epiichi-inenjigaadeg ji-mino-inaakonigeng imaa offset system da-onji-inenjigaade ini izhichigewinan gaye ganedat ge-onji-ozhi’oomagakin e-onizhishingin.
Ge-inaakonigeng ji-odaapinigaadegin gaa-onizhishinzinogin gaaban ganedat
Ningoding gaawiin onizhishinzinoon gaaban ganedat inenjigaade gii-ishkwaa-ozhichigaadeg. Giishpin gaawiin gwayak gaa-inaajimosing gemaa giishpin nawach wiikaa gaa-bagidinigaadeg ngwana iwe gaa-ganawenjigaadeg gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming, daa-izhise iwe. Gaa-naagajichigewaad ikidowag ji-naabishkigaadegin ini credits gaa-onizhishinzinogin. Mii ge-ikidowaad gaaban ganedatan gaa-ayaawaad awe izhichigewin gaa-ayaad ji-naabishkang iwe gaa-onizhishinzinog. Aanind gaaban ganedat izhichigewin odayaanaawaan ganedat ge-aabajichigaade-gibaniin ji-naabishkaagemagakin naaningoding. Gaaban ganedatan gaa-onjiimagakin gaa-izhi-inind gaa-gii-adaawed ji-naabishkang ini ganedatan gaa-onizhishinzinogin nawach ji-dabasi-adaawaadang ozaam gaa-adaawed ji-wanichiged.
Wegonen iwe GHG gaaban ganedat biindigebii’odizowin?
Gaa-onizhishingin ini gaaban ganedat daa-wiindamaagemaganoon aan ezhisegin gaaban ganedat gaa-biindigebii’odizong izhichigewinan gaye godak. Iwe GHG gaaban ganedat biindigebii’igan daa-wiiji’iwemagan ji-gikenjigaadeg aandi eyaagin izhichigewinan, awenen gaa-biindigebii’ang izhichige-win gaye gaa-gii-miinind gaaban ganedat gemaa giishpin gaa-adaa-waagaadegin ini ganedat gemaa gaa-aabajichigaadegin gaye awenen gaa-aabajitood ini ganedat.
Gakina awiya gikendang owe da-izhisemagan GHG gaaban ganedat ji-gikenjigaadegin aan ezhisegin gaye giispin ji-debwemagakin. Gaaban ganedatan gaa-wii-adaawewaad odaa-waabandaanaawaa iwe biindigebii’igan ji-waabandamowaad giishpin ini offset credits gaa-wii-adaawed gaa-izhi-miinind odizhichigewining gaye gaamashi gaa-adaawaadesinogin gemaa bakaan awiya ji-aabajitood.
Gaa-naagwasinog Gaa-izhiseg gaaban ganedat Izhichigewinan
Gechi-inendaagwak: Gaa-naagwasinog Gaa-izhiseg gaaban ganedat Izhichigewinan
Gechi-inendaagwak: Gaa-naagwasinog Gaa-izhiseg gaaban ganedat Izhichigewinan
Gaaban ganedat izhichigewinan gaa-dibendamowaad odoozhitoonaawaan gaaban ganedat bizaanigo bangii eta gii-bagidinamowaad ini GHG gemaa gii-odaapinamowaad gaye gii-onji-odaapinamowaad GHG ishpiming, gaa-inindwaa offset inaakonigewining onji. Iwe GHG nawach bangii ji-bagijiseg gemaa ji-odaapinigaadeg imaa izhichigewining onji daa-dibaginjigaade (ji-dibaabiishkoojigaadeg gaye ji-gikenjigaadeg) gaa-gikendang awiya ji-doodang gaaban ganedat inaakonigewining izhi.
Aanind gaaban ganedat izhichigewinan ono:
- Nawach babenak ji-naagajichigaadegin mitigwakiin ji-ayaamagak iwe gaa-bagidanaamoying mitigong / azhashkiing.
- Ji-manaa-bagijiseg iwe anaamakamig gaa-onjiimagak gaa-naagwasinog imaa gaa-izhi-ningwa’igaadeg azhashki akiing.
- Ji-naadamawindwaa mitigoog gaye mashkosi ji-aabajitoosigwaa igi gaa-waakaa’igewaad (ji-bagijisesinog gaa-naagwasinog)
- Ji-aabajichigaadeg bakaan gegoon imaa dakisijiganing gaawiin dash ji-onji-gizhidesinog aki miziwe.
- Ji-izhichigeng ji-wanaadak webinigan apiichwiin webiniganikaang ji-izhi-webinigaadeg
- Ji-nitaawigi’indwaa mitigoog
- Ji-odaapinigaadeg gaa-naagwasinog bizhikiwi-moowing gaa-ayaag.
- Nawach niibiwa bagidanaamowin daa-ganawenjigaade gitigewini-azhashkiing minochigaadeg azhashki ji-mino-nitaawigig gitigaan.
Gaaban ganedat izhichigewinanowe daa-inaakonigem nawach niibiwa ji-debweyen-damowaad awiyag ji-onizhishing iwe izhichigewin. Iwe izhichigewin odaa-biminizhaan ji-minoseg ji-ozhi’oomagakin ini gaaban ganedatan.
Gaa-ayaamagak geget:
Iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin geget bangii GHG o-daa-bagidinaanaawaa ishpiming gemaa ji-odaapinamowaad ji-dibaabanjigaadenig dash. Iwe izhichigewin gaa-dibendang daa-waabanda’iwe nawach bangii GHG ji-bagidinang gemaa ji-odaapinang.
Giiyaabi dash:
Iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin nawach bangii GHG gemaa o-daa-odaapi-naanaawaan apiich wiin ge-gii-izhisemagakiban giishpin ayaasino-giban iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin, ge-izhisemagakiban isa go.
Nawach bangii GHG bagidinigaadeg gemaa odaapinigaadeg gaawiin memwaach ayaamagak izhichigewin, gaan giiyaabi da-ayaasinoon.
Ge-dibaginjigaadeg:
Iwe izhichigewin gaa-dibendang gwayak daa-dibaajimo bangii eta gii-bagidinang GHG gemaa gii-odaapinang, gaa-inaakonigeng ji-doodamowaad gaa-gii-inindwaa. O-daa-aabajitoon gaa-gii-inind ji-aabajitood gaye dibaabiishkooji-gan ji-aabajitood ji-maawadoonang GHG gikendaasowin.
Nepich igo:
Maagizhaa daa-ganawenjigaade iwe gaa-bagidanaamong gaa-naagwasinog ji-bagidinigaadeg ani-akiiwang (bizaanigo gemaa gaawiin bizaanigo). Ini izhichigewinan nawach niibiwa gaa-odaapinamowaad gaye gaa-ganawendamowaad CO2 gitigaaning mitigong azhashkiing asiniing gemaa gaa-bagidinanzigwaa ji-bagidinigaadeg iwe gaa-bagidanaamoying, awe izhichigewin gaa-dibendang daa-nepiji-odaapinaanan GHG gemaa nawach bangii eta ji-bagidinang ishpiming.
- Gaaban ganedat izhichigewinan ikidoomagan gii-ganawenjigaadeg iwe CO2 gaa-bagidanaamoying ginwesh igo ji-ganawenjigaadeg daabishkoo 100 daso-biboon gaa-ishkwaa-ozhi’oomagakin gaaban ganedatan.
- Gaaban ganedatan gaa-naagajitoowaad o-daa-ganawendaanaawaan bangii ini gaaban ganedatan maagizhaa bichi-bagidinigaadeg iwe CO2 gaa-bagidanaamong ishpiming ani-akiiwang.
- Giispin izhichigewin gaa-dibendang bagidinang iwe CO2 onjida (gii-shka’aakwed), daa-diba’ige’aa ji-giiwe-diba’ang ini credits gaa-gii-miinind.
Aabiding eta:
Gaaban ganedat izhichigewin daa-biindigebii’igaade aabiding eta gii-izhiseg gaye bangii eta GHG bagidinigewinan ganedat aabiding daa-aabadan. Aabiding eta ayaamagak gaawiin niizhing daa-aginjigaadesinoon iwe, mii dash ozaam daa-ishpi-aginjigaade maamaw GHG gaa-bagidinigaadeg imaa gaaban ganedat izhichigewining.
Ge-debweyendaagwak:
Daa-maawadoonigaade gekenjigaadeg iwe izhichigewin gaye ji-ozhibii’igaadeg awiya bakaan gaa-gikendaasod ji-waawaabandang gaye ji-ikidod edebwemagak.
Minik ako
Dago dash ono, iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin o-da-biminizha’aanan inaakoni-gewinan wegonenan izhichigewinan ge-dagwiimagakin imaa.
Da-ikidoomagan aaniin ge-izhichiged awe izhichigewin gaa-dibendang ji-biindigebii’ang gaaban ganedatan. Apii gaa-gii-maajitaad, aaniindi eyaad, ezhichigemagak iwe izhichi-gewin gaye giishpin nawach bangii GHG gaa-bagidinigaadegin gemaa gaa-odaapinigaadegin.
Apii Gaa-gii-maajitaamagak Izhichigewin
Apii gaa-maajitaamagak izhichigewin iwe apii gaa-gii-maadakami-giziwaad imaa. Apii gaa-maajitaamagak izhichigewin ikidowag igi gaa-inaakonige-waad mii dash wiinigo apii gaa-gii-maadanokiiwaad gemaa apii nawach bangii GHG gaa-gii-bagidinamowaad gii-maajitaawag. Gichi-inendaagwan ji-gikenjigaadeg aan apii gaa-gii-maajitaawaad aaniish giishpin ozaam wiiba gaa-gii-maajitaawaad gaawiin giiyaabi dash da-inenjigaadesinoon iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin. Mayaa iwe apii gaa-gii-bagidinind ji-maajitaad daa-maajitaamagan iwe izhichigewin ji-biindigebii’igaadeg imaa systeming.
Aaniindi Eyaamagak Izhichigewin
Ini gaaban ganedat izhichigewinan gaye inakonigewin da-ikidom aaniindi mayaa edanakamigiziwaad offset izhichigewinan. Iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin gemaa inaakonigewin bizaanigo daa-inenjigaade agami-akiing ji-ayaamagak gemaa akiikaaning eta.
Izhichigewin ge-izhichigemagak
Gaawiin gakina izhichigewinan daa-onji-ozhi’oomagazinoon gaaban ganedatan. Gaaban ganedat inaakonigewin da-ikidoomagan wegonen izhichigewinan ge-onji-ozhi’oomagakin gaaban ganedatan.
GHGs Ge-Ganawaabanjigaadegin
Aanawi niibiwa dinookaanan izhichigewinan daa-onizhishinoon, GHG gaaban ganedat izhichigewinan da-aabadanoon nawach bangii ge-bagidinigaadeg gemaa odaapinigaadeg gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming. Bebakaan dino gaaban ganedat izhichigewinan nawach bangii ji-bagidinigaadegin gemaa ji-odaapinigaadegin ini GHGs. Mitigwaki izhichigewinan odazhiikaanaawaa CO2, ini dash webinigani-izhichigewinan anaamakamig gaa-ayaamagak gaa-naagwasinog (CH4) odazhiikaanaawaa. Gaaban ganedat izhichigewin gemaa inaakonigewin daa-ikidoomagan giishpin nawach bangii GHG ji-bagidinigaadeg gemaa ji-odaapinigaadeg daa-onji-ozhi’oomagan gaaban ganedatan.
Gaa-onji-onizhishing Gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming gaaban ganedat Izhichigewinan
Gechi-inendaagwak: Gaa-onji-onizhishing Gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming gaaban ganedat Izhichigewinan
Gechi-inendaagwak: Gaa-onji-onizhishing Gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming gaaban ganedat Izhichigewinan
Zhooniyaakewin
Dagwiing gaaban ganedat izhichigewin daa-onji-zhooniyaakem. Gaaban ganedat izhichigewinan daa-onji-ozhichigaade zhooniyaakewin adaaweng gaaban ganedat ge-aabadakiban dazhiikewining. Izhichigewinan daabishkoo mitigokewin, gitigewin gaye gii-naagajichigaadegin webiniganan daa-onjise anokiiwin. Dazhiikewining gaa-onjiseg anokiiwin imaa gaa-ayaamagak besho, daa-onji-ozhichigaade anokiiwin nawach dash gaye babenak ji-naagajichigaadeg aki gaye gaawiin niibiwa ji-onji-wiinichigemagak iwe ishpiming gaa-inaabateg.
Gidakiiminaaning
Gaaban ganedat izhichigewining daa-onjise zhooniyaa dazhiikigaadeg aaniin ge-onji-gibitinigaadeg noojigo gii-izhiwebak noongom agwajiing. Ini gaaban ganedat izhichigewinan daa-onji-minosemagan gii-naagajitoowing gidakiiminaan gaye godak ji-izhi-minoseg gidakiiminaan daabishkoo gaa-izhi-dazhiikewaad awensiwag gaye enakamigaak azhashki gaye enaagamig nibi gaye enaakwaag noopimiing.
Gii-maamawidaaying
Izhichigewinan gaa-ayaagin bagwadakamig daa-onji-minosewag aya’aawishag awensiwag gaye gaa-nitaawigingin ji-mino-aabajitoowaad anishinaabeg gaye ji-andawenjigewaad ji-manoominikewaad. Godak dinookaanan izhichigewinan daabishkoo gii-naagajichigaa-deg webiniganan nawach bangii daa-onji-wiinichigaade aki gaye daa-onji-minosewag gaa-daawaad dazhiikewining ji-mino-ayaang. Offset izhichigewin daa-onji-minose dazhiikewin gikenjigaadegin oshki-anokiiwin gaye oshki-gikendaasowin.
Izhichigeng iwe Gaa-naagwaasinong Ishpiming gaaban ganedat Izhichigewin
Gechi-inendaagwak: Izhichigeng iwe Gaa-naagwaasinong Ishpiming gaaban ganedat Izhichigewin
Gechi-inendaagwak: Izhichigeng iwe Gaa-naagwaasinong Ishpiming gaaban ganedat Izhichigewin
Giishpin gidazhiikewin andawenjigaadeg ji-dagwiing gaaban ganedat izhichigewin, owe daa-izhichigenaaniwan. Gaa-nagadenimindwaa gi-daa-gagwe-wiidanokiimaawaag gaa-gikendamowaad gaaban adaawewin gaye gaaban ganedat izhichigewin ji-ozhi’aaweg ge-anokiiwaad gaye ji-ondinameg gikendaasowin ji-onji-maajitooyeg gaa-naagwasinog ishpimiing (GHG) izhichigewin.
1. Odaapinameg Offset System gaye Inaakonigewinan
Endaso gaaban ganedat izhichigewin ayaa ge-izhichigewaad gaa-dagwiiwaad, onizhishin dash ji-waawaabandameg wegonen ge-doodameg jibwaa-maajitaayeg izhichigewin gaye aaniindi ge-ayaag.
Gikendameg gaye awenen ge-adaawed iwe gaaban ganedatan ge-dibendameg da-onizhishin apii inendameg ji-dagwiiyeg imaa gaaban ganedat izhichigewin. Giishpin ayaamagak wenizhishing imaa gidizhichigewining daabishkoo gaa-daswewaanagak bimaadiziwin gemaa ji-ganawenjigaadeg ge-danakiiwaad awensiwag da-wii-adaawewag awiyag bizaanigo adaawewining. Gaa-miigiwewaad ganedatan igi gaaban ganedat ge-aabajitoowaad igi ikidong ji-izhi-adaaweng o-da-andawendaanaawaa igi niibiwa GHG gaa-bagidinamowaad gaa-inaakonindwaa ji-izhichigewaad. Eyaamagak gaye endawenjigaadeg, gaaban ganedatan gaa-inwaadegin ji-aabadakin imaa gaa-ikidong ji-izhi-adaaweng nawach daa-ishpagindewan apiich wiin ini bizaanigo gaa-adaawewaad.
Iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin ge-odaapinaman daa-ayaamagan gaaban ganedat inaakonigewin ge-onizhishing gaa-wiidoodaman gidizhichigewining.
Gikendan iwe offset inaakonigewin ge-aabajitooyin gidizhichigewin-ing gaye gidizhichigewin ji-gashkitoomagak ji-doodaman iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin endawenjigaadeg enaakonigeng.
2. Maajitooyin iwe Gaaban Ganedat Izhichigewin
Maajitooyin iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin gi-ga-ozhiitaa nitam; amii eta ge-izhi-minoseg gidizhichigewin giishpin weweni ozhiitaayin jibwaa-maajitaayin. Aanind gaaban ganedat izhichigewin gaa-naagajitoowaad o-da-andawenimaawaa’ izhichigewin gaa-dibendamonid ji-waabanda’iwed ge-doodamowaad jibwaa-biindigebii’odizowaad.
3. Debwetaagoowin
Aanind gaaban ganedat izhichigewin gaa-naagajitoowaad o-da-andawenimaawaa’ izhichigewin gaa-dibendamonid ji-andomaanid awiyan gaa-gikendaasonid ji-waabandang iwe izhichigewin gwayak ji-izhichigemagakiban jibwaa-biindigebii’odizowaad. Awe ge-waabandang da-dibaajimo giishpin awe izhichigewin gaa-dibendang gaa-izhitoogwen iwe izhichigewin gaa-inaakonigeng gaye ji-gashkitood gwayak ji-onji-ozhi’oomagakin GHG gaaban ganedat anokiimaganinig.
Aanind izhichigewinan gaawiin memwaach inaasiiwag ji-waabanjigaadegin zhaagooch dash daa-onizhishin ji-gikenjigaadeg ji-onji-ozhi’oomagakin gaaban ganedatan (gaye nawach dawendan zhooniyaa ji-gagwedweng) memindage giishpin awe izhichigewin gaa-dibendang gaa-izhichigesig owe odaanaang gaaban ganedat izhichigewin dinookaan. Awe izhichigewin gaa-dibendang o-daa-anokii’aa’ awiya gaye ji-diba’amawaad ini gaa-gikendaasonid ji-onji-debwetaagozid. Iwe izhichigewin gaa-nagajitoomagak gaaban ganedat izhichigewin gaye izhichigewin dinookaan gaye GHG zagakibii’igewin daa-odaapinigaade.
4. Biindigebii’igaadeg Izhichigewin imaa gaaban ganedat izhichigewining.
Gakina izhichigewinan onandawenimaawaa’ izhichigewinan gaa-dibenda-monid ji-miigiwenid wiindamaagewin apii biindigebii’odizong. Ge-izhichigeng gaye wiindamaagewin ge-aabadak biindigebii’odi-zong bebakaan da-izhinaagwan owe dash wiin igo naasaab:
4A. Izhichigewin Ezhinaagwak Dakobii’igan
- - aan ezhinaagwak iwe izhichigewin, aaniindi eyaamagak, GHG na nawach bangii bagidingaade gemaa odaapinigaade, aanapii emaaji-taang gaye wegonen inaakonigewin e-aabajichigaadeg.
4B. Enind minik bangii GHG ge-bagidinigaadeg
- Awe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin gaa-dibendang da-waabanda’iwe edibend-ang (dibendamowin gemaa miinigoowiziwin) bangii nawach ji-bagidinang gaa-naagwasinog gemaa ji-odaapinang gaye gaaban ganedat ge-onji-ozhi’oomagakin imaa izhichigewining.
- Gichi-inendaagwan owe gaawiin dash niibiwa o-da-wii-andawenda-ziinaawa naasaab GHG ji-izhiseg gaye niizhing ji-aginjigaadegin.
- Aanind gaa-ondinind zhooniyaa o-daa-dibendaanaawaan gakina gemaa bangii iwe nawach bangii gaa-bagidinigeng izhichigewining onji, gikendan dash aaniin ge-izhiseyeg odaapinameg ogimaa ozhooniyaamin, ge-izhi-dagwiiyeg imaa gaaban ganedat systeming.
- Ozhitooyeg aaniin ge-izhi-dibendameg ini nawach bangii GHG ji-bagidinameg gaye ji-odaapinameg gaye offset credits ge-gashkichi-gaadegin ginwesh daa-izhise, gikendan dash aaniin gidazhiikewin ge-izhi-gashkichigemagakiban maajitaamagak gidizhichigewin.
- Nisinoon ge-izhisegiban:
Gidizhichigewin ayaamagan akiing gaa-dibenjigaadeg
Awe gaa-dibendang izhichigewin odibendaan gaye iwe aki gaa-dazhi-ayaamagak gemaa inaakonigewining o-gii-onji-ozhibii’aan ji-bagidiniwed bakaan gaa-dibendang GHG ji-odaapinigaadegin imaa.
Izhichigewin ayaamagan Ishkoniganing gemaa Dazhiikewin gaa-dibendang iwe aki
Awe dazhiikewin izhichigewin odibendaan gaye iwe aki gaa-dazhi-ayaamagak gemaa inaakonigewining o-gii-onji-ozhibii’aan ji-bagidiniwed bakaan dazhiikewin GHG ji-odaapinigaadegin imaa.Izhichigewin ate imaa akiing gaa-dibendang Akiikaan Ogimaa gaye dash gaa-aabajitoowaad Anishinaabeg ji-gii’osewaad
Izhichigewin ate imaa akiing gaa-dibendang Akiikaan Ogimaa gaye dash gaa-aabajitoowaad Anishinaabeg ji-gii’osewaad
Bizaanigo GHG ji-odaapinamowaad gemaa ji-baginidamowaad o-da-dibendaan Akiikaan Ogimaa baamaa ikidong bakaan. Dazhiikewinan o-daa-nagishkawaawaan Akiikaan Ogimaan gemaa Gaanada Ogimaan ji-bagidinindwaa GHG ji-odaapinamowaad gemaa nawach bangii ji-bagidinamowaad. Wedi BC Akiikaaning, owe izhinikaadewan “Ishpimin Wenizhishing Ji-wiiji-miininding Ikidowinan”.
4C. Ezhiseg gaye Izhichigewin Ge-izhiseg
- Amii owe ge-izhiseg (ezhiseg bizhishig) da-wiinde aaniin ge-inaka-migak gaye ini GHG ge-bagidinigaadeg ge-gii-izhisegiban giishpin gaawiin izhichigenaaniwanzinog iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin.
- Owe izhichigewin ge-izhiseg dibaajimom aaniin ge-doodamowaad gaye aaniin minik GHG nawach bangii ge-bagidinamowaad ge-odaapinamowaad imaa gaaban ganedat izhichigewining, gaa-inaakonigeng.
4D. Ji-gikenjigaadeg Ge-onjiimagak Gegoon, Ge-godaawishkaag gaye Nibi Gaa-gii-giba’igaadegiban
Ge-onjiseg Gegoon
Ge-izhi-bagidinigaadeg GHG gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming onji. Daabishkoo gaa-jaagideg waasiganibimide dinookaan gemaa aki miijim.
Gaa-odaapinigaadeg GHG ishpiming
Ge-izhi-odaapinigaadeg GHG gaa-naagwasinog ishpiming onji. Daabishkoo gii-odaapinigaadeg gaye gaa-ganawenjigaadeg iwe gaa-bagidanaamoying gitigaaning gaye mitigong gaye azhashkiing gaa-onjiimagak.
Ge-izhi-ayaamagak wenizhishing
Mii imaa ge-izhi-maawaji’oomagakiban gaye ganawenjigaadegiban gaye ge-izhi-bagidinigaadegibaniin GHG gaa-naagwasinog. Daabishkoo gitigaanan mitigoog gaye azhashki.
- Ozhibii’an gakina ge-onjiimagakiban gaa-naagwasinog gaye gaa-odaapinigaadeg ishpiming gaye gaa-izhi-ayaag wenizhishing imaa gidizhichigewining gaa-izhibii’igaadeg offset inaakonigewining.
- Iwe inaakonigewin da-ikidoomagan wegonen ge-bagijiseg ishpiming ge-dagonigaadesinog imaa GHG zagakibii’igaadeg giishpin gaa-onjiimagak izhi-izhisesinog izhichigewin.
4E. Gaye Giiyaabi
- Izhichigewin gaa-dibendang da-waabanda’iwe e-gashkitood nawach bangii GHG ji-bagidinang gaawiin dash daa-gii-gashkichi-gaadesinoon giishpin ayaamagazinog iwe izhichigewin, geyaabi.
- Gaawiin izhichigenaaniwanzinoon gaa-anokaadamowaad ogo izhichigewining gaa-doodamowaad gaye ji-inaakonindwaa.
- Aanind gaaban ganedat izhichigewinan awe izhichigewin gaa-dibendang da-waaban-da’iwe aaniin ezhisemaganinig odizhichigewin aaniish zanagise ji-doodaming ngoding.
4F. Ge-izhichigeng Ji-onji-maanzhisesinog Ozhiitaawin
- Aanind izhichigewinan nawach niibiwa gaa-odaapinamowaad gaye gaa-ganawendamowaad gaa-bagidanaamowing daabishkoo gaa-ayaamagak gitigaaning, mitigong, azhashkiing gaye asiniing, igi izhichigewinan gaa-dibendamowaad o-daa-naagadawaabandaanaa-waa giishpin naagach ge-bagidinigaadegwen iwe gaa-bagidanaamong ishpiming gikenjigaadesinog noongom ji-izhiseg niigaan.
- Ge-izhichigeng ji-onji-maanzhisesinog Ozhiitaawining gi-daa-wiindaan aaniin ge-izhichigeng ji-izhisesinog iwe.
- Mii ono ge-maanzhisegibaniin mitigwaki izhichigewining: zakideg gemaa manijooshag amwaawaad mitigoo’ gemaa gichi-nooding.
4G. Aanjisewin
- Giishpin andawenjigaadeg gegoon gemaa gegoon izhiseg bakaan inake jibwaa-maajitaamagak izhichigewin mii iwe aanjisewin. Nawach niibiwa GHGs da-bagidinigaadewan bakaan inake. Daabishkoo nawach bangii mitigokenaaniwang ngoji miinawa dash nawach niibiwa mitigokeng ngoji bakaan.
- Gikendamog niigaan aaniin iwe ge-onji-izhisegiban, niigaan ji-gikendameg maagizhaa aanjiseg gegoon.
4H. Gagwe-gikendaagwak nawach bangii GHGs ji-bagijisegin
- Atoon imaa aaniin enendameg minik bangii GHG ge-bagijisegin gemaa ge-odaapinigaadegin imaa izhichigewining onji, gaa-inaako-nigeng gaye gaa-ayizhiing GHG offset inaakonigewin aabadak. Gaa-gikendaasod gemaa izhichigewin gaa-wiijitwaad gaa-gikendang dibaabanjigewin o-da-gikendaan owe.
5. Izhichigenaaniwang
Owe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin da-bimiwijigaade biminizha’igaadeg offset system gaye inaakonigewin. Amii owe nawach bangii GHGs ji-bagijisegin gemaa ji-odaapinigaa-degin gaye dash ji-maawadoonigaadeg gikendaasowin gaye ji-ganawenjigaadeg zagakibii’igewin (ji-dibaabanjigaadeg) gaye ji-ikidong debwe iwe minik e-bagijiseg gemaa e-odaapinigaadeg. Dibaabanjigewin iwe gii-maawadoonigaadeg gikendaasowin gaye gii-dibaabanjigaadeg aan minik GHG nawach bangii ebagijiseg gemaa wedaapinigaadeg izhichigewining onji, gaye minik gaaban
6. Naagajicchigewin
Iwe GHG nawach bangii gaa-bagijiseg gemaa gaa-odaapinigaadeg dibaabanjigaade izhichigeng gaa-gii-inaakonigeng offset imaa. Daa-aabajichigaade gikendaasowin iwe izhichigewin gaa-izhichigemagak (minik waasiganibimide, waasigan, gitigaan miijim, minik mitigokewin, gaye godak) gaye gaa-bagijiseg ishpiming daa-onji-gikenjigaade minik GHG ge-bagijisegin. Aanind nake, gaa-daataanginigaadeg aabadan ji-gikenjigaadeg owe bagijisewin. Ji-gikenjigaadeg GHG gaa-bagijiseg gaye gaa-odaapinigaadeg imaa azhashkiing gaa-izhi-gitigeng gemaa mitigokewining dibaabanjigaa-de moozhag gaye gaa-daataanginigaadeg aabadan. Bagijisewining eyaamagakin aabajichigaade ji-ondinigaadeg giken-daasowin ezhichigeng (daabishkoo aan minik bimide gaye waasigan gemaa gitigaan miijim e-aabadak GHG ji-onji-bagijiseg.
Offset izhichigewining nawach niibiwa gaa-izhi-ganawenjigaadeg gaa-bagidanaamowing imaa gitigaaning, mitigong, azhashkiing asiniing daa-naagajitoonaawaa giishpin nepich ji-onji-odaapinigaadegin GHGs megwaa izhiseg izhichigewin gaye ishkwaaseg credit. Izhichigewin naagajichigewin ozhiitaawin owe daa-izhichigemagan:
- Daa-maawadoonigaade gaye daa-naagajichigaade gikendaasowin
- Daa-dibaadode aaniin ge-ondinigaadeg gegoon gaye gaa-odaapinigaadeg ishpiming gaye gegoon ge-izhi-ayaamagak wenizhishing.
7. Dibaajimong
Dibaajimong da-onji-gikenjigaade aaniin ezhiseg gaye ji-debwema-gakin GHG offsets izhichigewinan gaaban ganedat izhichigewining. Izhichigewin gaa-dibendang da-dibaajimo bizhishig ezhi-debwema-ganinig odizhichigewin imaa offset system gaa-naagajitood ji-ondizid ini gaaban ganedat. Da-ozhibii’igaade imaa gaaban ganedat inaakonigewining aaniin ge-izhi-dibaajimod awe izhichigewin gaa-dibendang.
8. Debweyendamowin
Da-onizhishin ji-debwetaagooyin ji-minoseg iwe offset izhichigewin gaye ji-minwendamowaad debwe gwayak e-izhichigemagak gidizhichigewin gii-dibaajimoyin. Apii awe izhichigewin gaa-dibendang bimiwidood izhichigewin (maagizhaa ango-biboon), mii ge-izhi-anokii’aad gaa-gikendaasonid bakaan gaa-onjiinid ji-ganawaabandang iwe izhichigewin ji-ozhibii’-ang dash enendang debwewin owe ji-ikidod:
- Weweni gii-izhichigemagan iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin e-gii-biminizha-igaadeg inaakonigewin imaa gaaban ganedat izhichigewin onji.
- Minik GHG gaa-bagijiseg gemaa gaa-odaabinigaadeg debwemagan.
Awe izhichigewin gaa-dibendang gii-dibaajimo dibaginjigewin gaye godak izhichigewin zagakibii’igewin imaa Debweyendamowining. Iwe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin inaakonigewinan ikidoomaganoon aaniin mayaa endawendaagwak ji-izhi-debweng, gaye aan minik bemi-inanokii-waad gaye epiichi-gikendaasowaad gemaa godak ezhi-nagajitoo-waad gaa-anokiiwaad imaa Debwyendamowining.
9. Gaaban ganedat Gaa-miigiweng
Apii awe gaaban ganedat izhichigewin gaa-naagajitood gakina izhichigewin inaakonigewinan gii-biminizha’igaadewan inendang, o-da-miinaawaan ini izhichigewin gaa-dibendamonid ini GHG gaaban ganedatan. Mii enaakonigeng imaa gaaban ganedatan awe gaa-naagajichiged o-daa-azhenaanan aanind ganedatan gaa-gii-ozhi’oomagakin imaa izhichigewining gikendaasowin gaa-izhi-ganawenjigaadeg gemaa ini ganedatan gaa-ayaagin maagizhaa gaawiin naabishkanzigwaa igi izhichigewin gaa-dibendamowaad ayaasigwaa ini gaaban ganedatan. Awe gaa-naagajichiged o-da-onji-odaapinaan imaa ji-naabishkang ganedatan imaa gaaban ganedat izhichigewin gaa-gii-izhi-mikamowaad naagach gaawiin e-onzhishinzingin.
10. Adaawaadegin Ganedatan
Aanawi adaawaadegin gaaban ganedatan inendaagwan iwe ishkwaawaach imaa offset gii-izhichigeng, gi-daa-nisidawinaam wiiba awenen ge-adaawed ganedatan aaniin minik gaye, aaniin minik ge-diba’igewaad endaso-minik ganedat.
Aaniish daa-aanjise aaniin enagindegin ini gaaban ganedatan meshkwach niigaan adaaweng da-minose apiichi gagwe-adaawaageng ji-gagwe-ishpaginjigeng. Gaaban ganedatan daa-adaawaagaadewan awe gaa-aabajitood gaaban ganedatan gemaa nisaw ge-izhi-dagwiipan adaawaagewinini. Adaawaageng imaa adaawaagewininiing mii awe ge-mikawaad ge-adaawenid. Adaawaageng dibinawe imaa gaa-wii-adaawed nawach da-zanagan ji-mikawindwaa gaa-wii-adaawewaad gaye ji-mikigaadeg ge-izhi-minwendamowaad gakina, nawach dash niibiwa daa-inaginjigaade ganedat.
Zhizhegaywiinan naakonan Kanada Aniibiish Inaazo Wasaganii Mide Ganazhigadeg Ganayiimagaag
Ganadwenjigadeg: Zhizhegaywiinan naakonan Kanada Aniibiish Inaazo Wasaganii Mide Ganazhigadeg Ganayiimagaag
Ganadwenjigadeg: Zhizhegaywiinan naakonan Kanada Aniibiish Inaazo Wasaganii Mide Ganazhigadeg Ganayiimagaag
Kanada Aniibiish Inaazo Wasaganii Mide (GHG) Ganazhigadeg Ganayiimagaag n’ndazhiikamin chiinazhiimagaag GHG chiizhiimaagaag wasigagni mide gemaa chiioshpii magaag GHG chiiangwiimagaag shpiming gabimasing. Ozhitoon shkii zhichige izha zhooniyaa izhichigewinan nisaa. Maaba wiiji-zhitoon anokii miinwaa ziwin zhooniya izhi izhichigewinan. Chiigashkiimagag chiigichii chigashichigemagag andwageng nazhiibodwaang nagwaad GHG nazhiseg. Dawiijiiyemagaad chiigashkichigemagad.
Chibaa izhichigewing gadazhiikamaang omaa Kanada GHG Ganazhigadeg Ganayiimagaag pimide izhichigewin, me iwe minig angideg dagwateyoon:
- Gwewig chiinweseg
- Aangideg miinwaa ondizii inaan
- Niibwaa chiidagwateg tagwaa chiimonjimagag zhoonia abajitwaang
Chiigechinawaang gadazhiikamaang chiidagwateg
Gawiin gakina gadazhiikigadeg GHG’wag najiimagag gadazhiikaamang Kanada GHG Ganazhigadeg Ganayiimagaag mide izhichigewin. Gadazhiikigadeg izhigigewin maa chii-gimaa GHG chiinagishkigadeg miinawaa izhichigewin Kanadian Aniibiish Inaazo Wasaganii Mide Ganazhigadeg Ganayiimagaag (chiinagajichigadeg) miinwaa gadazhiikigadeg chiiwiijiiyamagaag gadazhiikamawad. Ga onakwateg ganandejigadeg chiinayiiiseg ganwakajigadeg, gadazhiikigadeg ozhiibidwaang. Niizhwewig onakonigaan chiiizhichigewin wiijiiyamagaad ozhitwaang gaozhichigadeg. Oshkiigegowaan abadaad chiigiitwaam itoong gaozhichigadegin. Chiinisidotaming aniin izhiseg GHG niigaan ozhichigadeg gichigegowaan. Gikendam gaayabach izhichigewin mamawi gakina zhiibii’ge chii-gimaa GHG onakonigaan ezhichigewinan mi ntam izhichigewin.
Chiinabedamaang Gagideg Miinwaa Gashkichigewin
Gaagindeg miinwaa ondiziinan chidagwatek akina kegowaan minig dazhiikigadeg gaozhichigadeg. Aginde kina kegowaan wiijiyemaagaag naswemagaag GHG chiinabiseg onaagidegin gikinawaj. Gainaangidek izhe epiitamagaag, naayiitwang gikinawaj, miinawaa gadazhiigadeg. Niibwaa gagidegin giitwaam minik dazhiikigadek niigaan ateg gashkichigewinaan adwageng agijigaan. meh iwe gichiigegowaan abadugkin gashkichigewin ozhiseg wiijiyemagaag:
- Gamojiiozhichigadek – Gagawanjiitoong, Chiiwiidanokiinan, onagideg gwewig, manjiiymagaag abadakin chiimajii onungijigadeg, gawanj jiibiigadegin
- Ganitamuzineiget – Gakina ganandwedagozid ga nitah atood chii-wiijiyamaagaag kegowaan ganwakajigadeg
- Nungideg ganokajigadeg – mawajii monjiitoong
- Ga-zhichigadegin adazhiikigadeg – gagashkitwaang izhichigewinaan chi-mawajiseg GHG nazhiimagaag
- Nchigadeg – dibaginaan, mawadonamaang, debiiginaan GHG nazhiiziseg
- Wiidamadin – Gawanj giitwaam ozhibiigadegin
- Debwin izhe ozhichigaan – Ni-Muzinegyanaan zhi nayii endid chii wabadaang ga-ozhtwaang muzinegaaning chiibwaa niigaan atwaang
- Gagwajigidek gagideg – Wabadediiwiin agindeg, mikwaangid adwenaag, chii onungijiigeg nagishkwaangid chiiwiijijigemaangid
Giitwaamiitwaang, meh onwen ga-ozhitwaang ganiginaming ga inwendamung wiijiichigemaangid, izhi izhigewin daa-zhooniyaa wiiji-zhigewinan wiiji-niichkawenan.
Ga-inwendamung dinooikaan ozhichigaan, danawiiginde gidaadtibiimagaag, gemaa giitwaam nagaaj chibwaa GHG nazhagideg dibegadeg jibwaa dibegaadeg. Megwaa onakoonaamaan ga-ozhichigadeg, niigaan gagidegin dadibibeigade chibwaa mwanjiiwak kegowaan. Jishpin awiiyazoong zhooniyaa gamigoong gemaa wiijiichigemaangid, onjidaa chiidibamung gawiiyazwaang gachigewiiyaad.
Nawaj Mikwendan izhi Niibiish mide Daakon Izhichigewinan
Mi isa aan’keyaajma mikwendam ezhi izhichigewinan mi mamawi niibiish mide daakon. Mi genabaach zhooniyaa bi-zhiibii’ge-mazingan izhi adawe biitoo GHG maajaa izhigewinan minwaa wedi niigaan akiiwan ozhitoon wigamig, waabik maage chi-mititgoog giishk’aakwe. Nmanj, GHG maajaan izhichigewinan gaanabach gaagige niigaan dawenjge minwaa izhtwaa maage mnidooke.
Izhi Mitigoon-izhichigan izhichigewinan, gichi-zhichigwen adawe izhaa mitigookaa niibiish mide izhichigan, aaniin mitigookaa niibiish mide ishpagindaaso pii minwaa gaa izhichigewin, minwaa gawaabidaan mitigookaa. Mi sa izhichigewin gaanaabach gichi ginzhizhawizi maanda mitigookaa anokii.
Izhi niibiish mide izhichigewinan wedi gaye wi-waabidaan naniizaanad mi daakon niibiish mide izhaa mzinmaw izhi ozhitoon wii shpiming gichi shpiming giizhik (geye zhinkaazid azhe akeyaa). Maaba anokii ozhitoon azhe naniizaanad maaminonend onaakon gimaa.
Gichi-niigaan niwaabdaan niigaan izhi gaanaabach azhe’nan miinwaa daa gaagige izhe diba’igan minwaa gichi Onaakonigaadeg. Wedi gichi’gimaa GHG azhaa izhichgewin, waabidaan daa gaagige niigaan 100 biboonyeg shkwaa giizhitaa.
Ga-mawajiiwad gadawad ingiwe achigiwad ozhiiwaad. Ga-adawiid wabundaan wiiba majiiwad oshpiid ga-onkajigadeg gaonungideg. Megwaa onakoonaamaan ga-ozhichigadeg. Biiyabikooniigaan da giitwaam gwazhibaase, ga gii achiged maagizhaa dameshkoojiimaagad deweseg dibegiizizsoon.
Gawiiadweyaad gichii adawiigamigoon, Gichii Ogimaag gemaa bizhigwaanug ga achigewad onje onigaanaan (ga onugijigewad), gemaa gagagiiginamwad (wiinawaa igwaa nundwendamwaad). Shpegideg oniganaan GHG da opiimise aginjiigaan magizhaa da oshpigide GHG niigaan ikaamig, apidje nawiise jishipin inwedamwaad ga-anokajigadeg.
Naanadoog da izhe adwageng gaashkichigewin, gamuzinege gwawig abajitood abajiiyaad gadwenind, meshkodonigem, gemaa adweigamig. Meh iwe izhe abaadug naanadoog izhe chigashichiged enungideg, Naagaj onigijigek.
Gichiigimaag GHG nanadoog izhishe aniin chiioshiseg zhooniyaa debichigaan ga ozhichigadeg chiiwiijichigendiwad ozhichigaan oniginigadeg.
Gamamawesegin
Kanada GHG Ganazhigadeg Ganayiimagaag ga gashkichiged onjidaa ga-ozhijigadeg nasaab chii abadug onakoonigewin Gamamawesegin (okwaayaad) ishpin nayiiseg nagishkodadeg. Me izhe da manajiiyaan gamawajiiwad ga-anokajigadeg, nabatwaad, nagajitwad, wiidamdiwad ozhiibigadeg, minwaa gechinawiyawad, chii-shpiigidaswad monjiwad akina gachiigewad bezhigenug.
Ga izhe ondinawad zhooniaan ga-inateg
Apiichinag gamwajichigeng da baakese anokiinaan ozhichigaan.
Anokii zhichigaanan gichigimaa GHG damwajiwaa pakaan onje gadweyaad, gishpin gawanjiin ozhichigaanaan GHG nazhii maagaag gaashkichigewin ga onwakadeg onjida idush chiibiimiigadeg oningaan chii awiiyazwad chii awiigazwaad gemaa gashkichigewin, Giitwaam awiindaa gemaa achiigewad. Anind, gawiiyazoong naboochigewag, chii wiijiiseg awiiyazoong wiijiwise chii GHG nazhiseg oniginaan anokiinaan. Meh eweh izhe GHG gawiin chii naboseg agindaswin.
Chiigichiimawadosed anind izhichigeinaan
Da'izhishe chiimwajised gachichigewin GHG mowajised izhichigewenan anike GHG nazhiiseg. Ondiziiwin anate gishpin gawaji tawiin, Nibe onishing damajiiwe onagijigadeg paakaan onje. Ganagachiigadeg izhyebaag niiginaan wiijiiyasemaagaad chii bakwesemagaag oninigaanan. Ozhibidon daizhise, giin ozhitwaan nokiinaan oniginaan GHG azhe nagishkadadiiwin niibwaa giitwaam. Ganwendan minwaa ezhwaybag agojing maa akiing waabidaan izhichiigewinan gaanaabach gaye mina-nendam izhi azhe bakaan izhichigewin. Aapish gaanaabach, ozhitoon izhichigewin izhi gichi-bakaan akeyaa mazingan
Akii-oniginaan ozhichigaanaa Anishinabeg-niiganitwaad gemaa wiijiiwad Anishinabe akiingnaan
Nisidwenagwaad anishinabeg gikendamwaad oda kii-yo gikendaswin aniin ezha bemaadizwad akiing ezhewebaag, Gimaanaang onistwatanawaa ezhe enadiziyaang izhe pimajiiyaang pimadiziin da akiinaan nagajitwad nayii yaang. Da gichii wiijiise nazhii kwadamaang, Niinnwewind Oshpiikendaswin gichiinendaamin. Maaba diba’igan daa mazina’amaw miigiwe insurance kik izhi niigaan ganaabaach azhe, zhinkaazid Environtmental Integrity Account.
Naayiichiigewin
Megwaa wiin gi chii gimaag GHG bakwe izhise, naayiichigewin gawiijiiseg niswegindewe dawiijiise chiimwanosed tagwaseg mawjiiomagaag agideg.
Gechinawe chii wiijisek aki bijigaanan
Oniginigadeg GHG gaaskichigemaagad gadagwanigewad debeigaan, gaashkiichige akii bijigaanaan. Ozhibidwaang gichii gegowaan da gichaa anokiimagaad oniginaming ozhichigaan. Andomaming gikendaswin chii gikendaamung da izhise. Kanada aniibiish Inaazo Wasaganii Mide Ganazhigadeg Ganayiimagaag owaa pimide wiijiise gikendaamung Izhichigewinan.
Giishpin wiijiisek naandwedagood onzhibidwaang, Zhoonia gemaa oniganaan, andinaw ogwayaa chii wiijiiseg awiiyaa minoszid chii akokiimaagag kegoowaan gwewig wiindamadiwin naandwedagood anakwanigeng.
Pii mikawad awiiyaa mikywewii chii wiidanokiimaad, wiige gwewig chiiminoseg chiinisidwatadiiwin apidje onishin nagadwenimaad. Ginesh anokiiwin inatwe gawiijichigemaad ginesh chimino ankiidiwaad chii ozhisek oniganaan tagwaa niinamiziin ga-wiijichigendiin anokiinaan.
Chiigwejimind Wiichigemaag:
- Wawannen wiidanokiimaad gikendaswaad chii onigaanaan?
- Aniin chii izhe ozhiseg oniganaan wiijiidiwin?
- Wagwanen chii izhe onigaananaan chiimawadonung agideg?
- Ganisdwenwind giiwiijiigemaad gadawiin aginjiganaan chii adwageng niibwaa oshiijigadeg?
- Aniin minik ezhiseg debeigaan wiijgemaad okwanigem od odapinanawaa ina gizhibisek?
Gawejiik chiinibwakamagaag, gishpin izhiseg, gawedjim ingiwe azhaa gagii anokadmwaad onakonigadek. Wiijiiyaagan chii giitwaam wiidamiiwin chiiwiidamadiweg.
Shooniiyakewin / ishkoonikewin | Inakincikewin ekikencikatek | Tookiiwin | |
---|---|---|---|
Kwayak tamiinakane ka apacicikec | ishpaa | tapasaa | ishpaa |
Ka ataawakec / ka ataawec | aapita | tapasaa | tapasaa |
Shapooninshahan nakomitiwin | aapita | ishpaa | aapita |
Mi'kmaq
Ta’n nuta’q
- Carbon market 101
- Greenhouse gas offset elukwasik
- Wejapesit wjit greenhouse gas offset eltasik
- Wiaqa’tasik ta’n wenji’kuo’m greenhouse gas elukwasik
- Eltmk ta’n Kisitasik ukjit Kana’ta-ewey Wasuekuo’kuo’m Pitkmasik Te’wi-ika’tasik Iknmuetasik Tel-lukwek
Carbon market 101
Ta’n nuta’q: carbon market 101
Ta’n nuta’q : carbon market 101
Koqowey greenhouse gases?
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) na gases ta’n kisi, tewa’tasik, l’tasin wjit atmosphere, wesuwa’toq aqq kelnik eptek wejiaq na’ku’setiktuk. Ula tela’sik na kisi wisukowk “greenhouse effect”. Ta’n wenaqa’toq ula gases ta’n atmosphere kisa’toq global telike’k wjit wenaqa’sik aqq global climate wjit piluwa’sin.
Ta’n kutey teltek GHG wiaqtek:
- Carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
- Methane (CH4)
- Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
- Nitrous oxide (N2O)
- Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Etkl GHG wesko’tk ajelk ta’n tela’sik climate aqq piluwey. Wjit ankaptmin menaqaj newte’ tlten, GHGs kisi kuwaska’tasitew wjit ta’n teltek wjit carbon dioxide teltek staqa (CO2e) kutey wejiaq global warming potential (GWP) Ta’n tujiw kuwaska’tasik (CO2e), pilu’tek GHGs kisi ika’tasitew kitk wjit iknmatn GHG emission kisna emission ejikla’sik.
Global Warming Potential (GWP):
Methane wekunk GWP ta’n 25 te’sik ula carbon dioxide, ta’n teluwek ta’n 1 tonne wjit methane newte’ ala’toq 25 tonnes wjit carbon dioxide, aqq 1 tonne wjit methane kisi kuwaska’tasitew wjit 25 tonnes CO2e.
Koqowey net GHG emission, ejikla’toq aqq mena’toq?
GHG emission ika’q ta’n tujiw GHG tewa’toq ta’n wetlamimk mimajuinu telukwet, kutey nu’kwa’toq fossil fuels kutey gasoline aqq disel, aqq ta’n biological wejiaq, kutey ta’n sa’qawey koqowey nukwiaq. GHG emissions kisi jikla’tasitew pemiaq ta’n kisia’toq ejikla’sik GHG mu asite’tmuk koqowey tla’sin kisna sapa’sin. GHGs na kisi jkla’tasitew wejiaq atmosphere pemiaq ta’n ki’s eteklip kisna kisitasik mesinmi’tij aqq kelo’tasik. Kutey, wasuwekl ejikla’sik CO2 wejiaq atmosphere ta’n tujiw nikwek. Technological teli pijiaq elt mesnmi’tij GHGs aqq kuwaska’tu’tij chemically kisna ta’n nemitasik kwulaman kisi klo’tasitew.
Koqowey net carbon markets?
Na carbon market teltek wjit poqatelmin aqq metuwi’sketu’n credits ( elt teli jijitasik kisi suwa’tu’un wjit wen koqowey weskunk) ta’n teluwisik GHG emissions, ejikla’toq kisna ejikla’toq. Maliaptmi’tij kisna ta’n majuinu’k poqatelmi’tij units wjit carbon market wjit kulutmi’tij welteskatultinew GHG emission pasik tepesk kisna wjit pikuwey.
Etekl tapu’kl teltekl carbon market-Ta’n ketu’tsuwa’toq aqq compliance. Ula na teltek kutey ta’n tujiw kisi kuwaska’tu’n unit e’wasik wjit weltekmin ketu’ tla’tu’n kisna regulatory emission te’sik.
Majuinu’k kisna ikana’tu’tij ta’n tuju menuweke’tij GHG emission wejiaq ta’n koqowey elukwatu’tij wejiaq apoqnmuwet ta’n tujiw kisita’sij. Kutey, etek ta’n maliaptasik skimtuk carbon tewiaq kisna “net-zero” wejiaq keknuwe’k newtipunkek. Ula na teluek ta’n ika’lsit wjit nisa’toq emission aqq apankitunew wjit ta’n pasik koqowey me’ etek emission wjit kutey GHG ejikla’sik. Piluwey kutey ta’n wen newte’ ta’n menuweket emission wejiaq ta’n wejiet kisna piluwey koqowey telukutijik.
Ta’n elukutijik weskunmi’tij te’sik ta’n GHG emission ta’n kaplno’lowey tela’sik kisi e’wtew wejiaq compliance market wjit wulteskmin te’sik. Mu-eymu’tikik majuinu’k aqq lukwaqn jiptuk kisi asite’tew poqatelmin aqq e’wmin wejiaq compliance market wjit wulteskuwan emissions ejikla’toq ta’n menuweken.
Koqowey net offset credit?
Na GHG offset credit (elt teluwisik carbon credit) na kisi suwa’tu’n tujiw iknmat ta’n ikana’toq newte’ tonne wjit ejikla’toq GHG emission kisna GHG mena’toq GHG offset system. Offset credits na ika’tasik wjit apoqnmin ta’n ketu’ lukwasik kisa’toq nisa’sik emissions kisna ejikla’toq GHG wejiaq ta’n tett welteskatikl nuta’q wjit GHG offset system. Ula credit elt kisi tuwi’sketasitew carbon market aqq e’wasin wejiaq piluwey wjit regulatory compliance kisna wjit wulteskuwan emission ejikla’tasik koqowey piluwey.
Koqowey net GHG offset system?
Na GHG offset system (elt teluwisik GHG offset program) na tplutaqn aqq tela’sik ta’n talkis offset credit kisi ankuwa’tasitew. Wjit tela’sik wjit kisa’toq ankuwa’sik offset credits, majuinu’k kisna ta’n maliaptasik wejiaq ta’n koqowey welteskasik offset system tplutaqn ika’tasik wejiaq ta’n ikana’toq offset system. Katu pasik ika’tasik, ula majuinu’k kisna ta’n maliaptasik-ankaptasik wjit elukwasik proponants- musta’q nasiwi’kusin wjit offset system ikana’toq aqq majukwatmin tela’sik, asite’tasik wejiaq ikana’toq ewikasik menaqaj wjit elukwasik. Na oddest system ikana’toq ajite’k elukwasik proponent welteskik tplutaqn system tmk ika’toq offset system.
Offset system eliaq ta’n aslumsit wen market na te’s iknana’toq wejiaq mu-kaplno’l ikana’toq, ta’n tala’toq offset credit wjit elukwasik ta’n weltekikl tplutaqn.
Offsets system ika’toq liaqn wjit compliance market ta’n te’s ika’tasik wejiaq kaplno’l ikana’tu’tij, ta’n ika’toq tplutaqn ta’n offset credits na ika’toq credits wjit asite’tasik ejikla’sik kisna mena’toq.
Offset system ika’tasik wjit wen elukwatk market wjit asite’tk ajki’k elukwasik aqq ika’toq ajiki’k elukwasik proponants, ta’n tujiw piluwey offset system eliaq regulatory compliance weskunk ta’n naji jiksitasikl tplutaqn.
Koqowey net offset elukwasik?
Offset elukwasik na nutukwi lukwasik koqowey ta’n kisa’toq GHG ejikla’toq kisna mena’qtoq ta’n tujiw tla’sik wjit mu elukwasinuk (baseline). Elukwasik proponants nuta’q nasiwi’kusin ta’n elukwasik wjit offset system ikana’toq, tujiw wiaqa’toq elukwasik, ankaptik aqq menwi’kik koqowey elukwasik te’sik, aqq ta’n ejikla’sik kisna mena’tasik nuta’q wejiaq offset system tplutaqn. Nekmuk elt nuta’q jikla’tnew kisna mna’tnew claim nemitasik wejiaq ta’n weskunk koqowey, newtukwilukwet.
Koqowey kutey etek offset eltasik kutey ula wiaqtek:
- Naji klu’kn ikana’tasik wjit nipukt wjit siawisunmin me’ carbon staoqniktuk/ tupkwan
- Ejikla’sin tewa’tasik ula methane gas wejiaq landfills
- wesuwa’toq action wjitikatk nipukt kisna sikuwe’kati wejiaq kisitasik (kulaman kelo’tasik carbon ,u tewa’tasinuk)
- Ewaqa ew’min chemicals ta’n refridgeration system ta’n kisa’toq naji tekla’j global warming
- Composting organic ejiklekemk ewnaqa wjit elkitasik maqamikow wejuwa’tasik.
- Stoqn nikwenujik
- Mesnmin methane gas wejiaq ta’n mimjik manure
- Wenaqa’tasik te’sik carbon kelnmi’tij nekwenasik tupkwan pemiaq ta’n amko’tasik wjit te’s tela’taqatijik.
Wen kisi lukwatew elukwasik proponent?
Na elukwasik proponent (kisna elukwasik kisitoq) wiaqa’toq offset elukwasik wjit kisa’toq offset credits. Na offset program ikana’tasik ika’toq tplutaqn ta’n asite’tasit wjit ika’tn offset credits wjit ula system. Eykl offset system, kutey, ala’tn ta’n nuta’q ta’n kisitasik proponants mimajik kisna weskunimin business wjit ta’n tett asite’tasik offset system.
Koqowey net offset asite’tasik?
Offset na asite’tasik telte’tasik wjit “wejitasik” wjit offset eltasik. Ta’n tela’sik kisi suwa’tasik eltasik wjit koqowey aqq iknmasik teluwek tla’tiken wjit ta’n tela’tmk te’sik offset credits wejiaq ta’n kisitasik. Ta’n asite’tasik tplutaqn ta’n teli ika’tmk eltasik bseline (emission tmk ika’tasik poqjitasik, elt teli jijitasik “business-ta’n ki’s telinenasik” teliankite’tmi’tij). Ula na ika’toql tplutaqn mawte’mi’tij aqq ankaptasik, aqq elt ankaptasik aqq ikana’toq eltasik kisi tla’sitew. Offset ta’n tela’sik eltu’tij ta’n te’sik ejikla’tasik aqq mena’tasik wjit offset eltasik conservation aqq mu ansami kitmi’tij ta’n tes’k.
Koqowey net offset credit tel-tepowtik?
Ta’n te’sik offset credit piluwa’sik te’s teli pije’k aqq ta’n ke’s te’sk koqowey piluwa’toq:
Pekisitoq koqowey nuta’q aqq Amkmayu menuweket
Ta’n telawtik offset credits wejiaq ta’n nuta’q aqq menuwaqtasik. Ta’n tujiw pukwelkl offset etek wjit amkmayu tla’sin. Ta’n telawtik nisa’sitew. Ta’n tujiw tek tele’jkl offset credits aqq pukwelk menuwaqtasik, na telawtik wenaqa’sik. Ta’n tujiw ika’tasik GHG offset credits na ankaptasitew te’sik offset eltasik ika’tasitew credits, ta’n kisa’tew tekn offset ta’n tla’sitew teli nuta’q, ta’n te’sik ika’tasik offset, aqq ta’n menuweke’tij te’sik ika’tasin me’ na’qek. Offset koqowey kisa’tasik elt poqjiaq ta’n teli ika’tasik aqq pekisitoq koqowey offset credits- misoqo pukwelkl newtipunkekl wjit kisa’tasin ula eltasik tlikn. Menuwekejik ula compliance tla’sin wejiaq ta’n koqowey elt ma’wt stringency kisa’toq siawitla’sin aqq telowtik piluwey emission ejikla’sik. Ta’n teluwet tla’tiken market wjit ta’n te’sik majuinu’k aqq business eltoq teluwek wjit kisa’toq emission aqq ta’n te’sik kejitasik ketu’ tla’tiken teli wiaqa’lsin. Ula ta’n kisa’toq metuwe’k wjit ankaptasik tela’asik wjit koqowey nuta’q, amkayu teliaq, aqq telaowtik.
Complience vs ta’n tujiw ki’l ketu’ apoqnmin market
Offset credit wejiaq system eliaq ta’n compliance market ta’n metui’sketoq najawtik mita kisi e’wasitew wjit wulteskmin regulations wjit emission ejikla’tasik. Offset eliaq ta’n wesuwa’tasik tuki’sketasin wjit naji wulawtukwen.
Ta’n teltek ika’tasik offset credit
Eykl offset credit poqatelmi’tij, kutey ta’n te’sik ketu’lukwatu’tij, mekenmi’tij poqatelk wejiaq eltasik ika’toq ta’n wejapesit (kutey biodiversity kisna wutan eltasik), na etek ta’n tett, kisna weskunmin piluwey koqowey kutey teltek. Ula poqatelasik na kisi apankitew wjit offset credits wejiaq elukwasik.
Ta’n te’sik ula offset credits
Ta’n te’sik wjit offset credit wjit ta’n wen eyk market ta’n tujiw kutukawyu tela’sik ta’n offset system melkiknaq tplutaqn wjit asite’tmin koqowey ankuwas’in ajelkin tela’sik.
Tplutaqn piluwey suwa’tsik ta’n mu kelu’knuk credits
Jijuwaqa, na offset credit nmitasitew ta’n mu kelu’knuk ta’n tujiw kisi e’wasik. Ula na kisitla’sitew wjit credit ika’tasik ta’n mu tepqatenuk koqowey kisna mita kelnasik carbon kne’k tewa’tasik. Program ikana’toq ta’n nuta’q ta’n mu kelu’knuk piluwey ika’tasik. Offset system nut’aq ta’n elukwasik proponent kisna wen alsutk mu elukwenuk credit wjit piluwey ika’tasik. Etekl offset system elt pukwelk weskunk ta’n kisi ika’tasik piluwey mu elukwenuk credits ta’n tujiw koqowey tela’sik. Offset credits wejiaq system ta’n poqitelk mu tepqatenuk ta’n mestuwi’sketasik naji wulawtik mita me’ atelk wjit wen poqatelk.
Koqowey ney GHG offset registry?
Reputable offset system ketoq panta’sik koqowey wjit nasiwi’kusit offset elukwasik aqq offset credits etek wjit msit wen. Na GHG offset registry apoqnmuwatl ta’n koqowey etek, ta’n kisis naiwi’kusit wjit elukwasik ika’tasik offset system, ta’n tujiw credit kisi tuwi’skasik, tlai credit kisi ika’tasik, aqq wen kisi e’wk credit.
Weskunimn koqowey ula teluwek ta’n msit wen kisi apoqnmtew wjit GHG offset system na trasparentowik, ketlamsitasik aqq kisi apaja’tmk credit. Ta’n kisi liaq credit ta’n poqatelk na kisi nasiwi’kusitew ta’n wen nemitoq poqatelk ula tela’sik metuwi’skasik, kisna wejiaq piluwey kisi poqatelk.
Greenhouse gas offset elukwasik
Ta’n nuta’q: greenhouse gas offset elukwasik
Ta’n nuta’q:greenhouse gas offset elukwasik
Offset elukwatk proponants kisa’toq offset credit pemiaq ta’n wen ika’lsit koqowey ta’n ejikla’toq GHG emissions kisna wenaqa’toq ta’n ejikla’tasik kisna kelnmi’tij GHG wejiaq atmosphere, wjit ula offset nuta’q. Ula GHG ejikla’tasik kisna mena’tasik wejiaq elukwasik na kisisuwa’toq (enkatasik aqq mawkiljasik) aqq nemitoq ta’n asite’tasik, newtuwilukwatk wen kutey offset system tplutaqn.
Etekl offset eltasik teltek kutey ula wiaqtek:
- Naji klu’kn ikana’tasik wjit nipukt wjit siawisunmin me’ carbon staoqniktuk/ tupkwan
- Ejikla’sin tewa’tasik ula methane gas wejiaq landfills
- Wesuwa’toq action wjitikatk nipukt kisna sikuwe’kati wejiaq kisitasik (kulaman kelo’tasik carbon, u tewa’tasinuk)
- Ewaqa ew’min chemicals ta’n refridgeration system ta’n kisa’toq naji tekla’j global warming
- Composting organic ejiklekemk ewnaqa wjit elkitasik maqamikow wejuwa’tasik
- Stoqn nikwenujik
- Mesnmin methane gas wejiaq ta’n mimjik manure
- Wenaqa’tasik te’sik carbon kelnmi’tij nekwenasik tupkwan pemiaq ta’n amko’tasik wjit te’s tela’taqatijik
Offset system na weji ankaptasik ta’n majuwatasik principles wjit asite’tmin tekn espitek degree wjit tepite’tmin wela’sik system. Na offset elukwasik nuta’q majukwatn ula principles kulaman wula’sitew offset credits eltasik.
Teliaq:
Na offset eltasik nuta’q mesnimin GHG emissions jikla’tasin kisna mna’tasin wejiaq ula aqq ta’n enkatasik koqowey. Ula koqowey proponent nuta’q wjit tlukwen ta’n GHG ejikla’toq kisna mena’toq weskunmin kisi suwa’tasik.
Ankuwa’sik:
Na offset elukwasik nuta’q jikla’tasin kisna nma’tasin GHG ta’n ankuwa’sik eliaq ta’n kisi tla’sin ta’n tujiw offset tela’sik, elt ta’n teli jijitaik baseline ta’n tujiw ankite’tasik kisi tla’sin kisna business-ta’n te’s tla’sin case.
Ta’n tujiw GHG ejikla’sik kisna mena’tasik nuta’q ta’n tujiw mu etenuk offset eltasik, ula eltasik mu ankuwa’sinuk.
Quantifiable:
Na offset eltasik proponent nuta’q ankite’tasin ta’n te’sik wjit GHG mena’tasik kisna ejikla’tasik mesnmi’tij, wjit offset tela’sik e’wasik. Ula na teluwek wjit e’wasik nuta’q aqq enkatasik devices wjit mawte’k te’sik aqq mawkiljasik GHG ejikla’tasik kisna mena’tasik.
Iapju:
Jiptuk tetew ta’n kisi o’pla’sik carbon kelo’tasik wejiaq eltasik tewa’tasik ta’n kne’k (etuk ta’n tujiw wen pasik kettu’ tla’tiket kisna mu ketu’tla’tikek). Wjit koqowey eltasik ta’n nuta’q mesnmi’tij aqq kelnasik wjit CO2 wasuwekituk, stoqniktuk, tupkwaniktuk geologicaql wejitasik, kisna naqa’toq tuwa’tn carbon, ta’n eltasik proponent nuta’q ankaptasin siwatek GHG ejikla’tasik kisna mena’tasik wjit nuta’q te’sik.
- Offset systems teli nenasik nuta’q CO2 kelnmi’tij nuta’q siwa’tasin wjit pekije’k, na’tami telipije’k aqq 100 newtipukekl kaqiaq offset credits kisitasikl.
- Offset system ikana’tu’tij jiptuk kl’nitaq kijka’ offsets credits ika’tasikl ta’n kisitoq wjit insurance ta’n kisi e’wasitew koqowey menuwaqtasik lukwasin tewa’tasik etliklo’tasik CO2 me’ kne’k eliaq.
- Ta’n tujiw eluwasik proponents tewa’tasik kelo’tasik CO2 wjit (kutey temsasik wejiaq metoqtek nipukt), jiptuk apankitaq apajiw crewjit ta’n kisi ika’tu’tij.
Istu’tek:
Ta’n offset elukwasik na pasik kisi nasiwi’kutaq wejiaq newte’ offset system te’s tmk aqq GHG ejikla’tasik pasik kisi apajimsntew wen new’t. Asite’tmin ta’n teli pilu’tek wjit apoqnmin mu tla’sin ap ana amuj pa mawkiljemk ta’pu, na jiptuk kisi liatew ansami kiljen ta’n tujiw te’sik GHG ejikla’tasik wejiaq offset elukwaiksik.
Verifiable:
Koqowey wjit elukwasik nuta’q mawa’tasin aqq napuiwi’kmin kulaman koqowey kisi ankaptasitew aqq knuwa’tiketew asite’tasit, newtukwilukwet.
Wetaptik koqowey
Aqq ankuwa’sik wjit principals, na offset system nuta’tew tplutaqn wjit koqowey kisi suwa’tew ula system.
Scope teluwet ta’n te’sik koqowey kisna ta’n teltek elukwasik nuta’q weskunmin wjit nasiwi’kusin wjit kisa’tn offset credits. Ula na jiptuk kisa’tew poqjiaq tele’k, ta’n tett, eltasik koqowey telukutijik aqq koqowey GHGs na ejikla’tasik kisna mena’tasik.
Eltasik paqjiaq ta’n tele’k
Ula eltasik tele’k wjit ta’n tujiw eltasik poqjiaq. Ula eltasik poqjiaq ta’n ta’n tujiw teluwek wejiaq protocol katu pasik ta’n tujiw elukwasik poqjiaq wiaqa’tasik ula elukwasik kisna ta’n tujiw GHG ejikla’tasik poqjiaq. Na eltasik tele’k nuta’q mita elukwatasik poqjiaq na asite’tasik tele’k offset system na mu teluwenuk ankuwa’tasik. Na eltasik nuta’q poqjian nike’ kisna kaqikisa’tasik asite’tasik tele’k wjit nasiwi’kusin ula system.
Ta’n elukwasik tett etek
Offset system aqq ta’n koqowey nuta’q eltasik kutey geographic regions ta’n tett offset eltasik nuta’q tekn. Na offset system kisna ta’n nuta’q el’tasin jiptuk kisi suwa’tn pemiaq country, kisna pasik newte’ province kisna region.
Eltasik Kowowey
Mu msit koqowey kisi ika’tasitew offsets. Na offset nuta’q tela’sik na ankaptitew ta’n koqowey kisi tla’sitew offset credits.
Ta’n eliaq GHG
Ta’n tujiw etek pilu’tekl ta’n tela’sik na wela’sik wjit uksitqamu, GHG offset system eliaq wjit eltasik ta’n kisa’toq ejikla’sik kisna mena’tasik greenhouse gases. Pilu’tekl offset ta’n eltasik ejikla’tasik kesna mena’tasik teltekl wjit GHG. Nipukt koqwey elitasik eliaq CO2, ta’n mu kelu’knuk te’s eliaq methane (CH4) Na offset system kisna ta’n tela’sik nuta’q ta’n GHG ejikla’tasik kisna mena’tasik jiptuk kisa’tew offset credits.
Wejapesit wjit greenhouse gas offset eltasik
Ta’n mawi nuta’q: wejapesit wjit greenhouse gas offset eltasik
Ta’n mawi nuta’q:wejapesit wjit greenhouse gas offset eltasik
Economic
Wesuwa’toq offset eltasik teltek staqa economic development kisi suwa’tasik. Offset eltasik ta’n revenue pemitk wejiaq ta’n metuwi’skasik offset credits ta’n kisi apoqntew wutann ika’natasik tmk. Eltasik ta’n pemtaqtekl kutey nipuktuk, nikwenasik aqq koqowey ejikla’tasik a’n kisi ik’'tew lukwaqn tekn. Wutann ta’n elukutijik na kelpilmi’tij ta’n nuta’q koqowey wejitasik, offset eltasik jiptuk kisi ika’taq lukwaqn wjit naji wula’sin teli ikana’tasik wjit maqamikow ejikla’tasik carbon mu kelu’knuk.
Maqamikow wejiaq
Offset eltasik ikana’toq ta’n tujiw mesnmin revenue wejiaq koqowey ta’n kisa’toq climate piluwa’sik. Offset eltasik wjit wiaqtek wela’sik maqamikow ikana’tasik tela’taqatijik jiptuk elt kisa’tew usitqamu wejapesit kutey wela’sik waiaisk wikultijik, tupkwan teli klu’k, aqq teli kelo’tasik nipukt.
Social
Maqamikow-wejiaq eltasik wjit kisa’toq wela’sik wasisik aqq wasuwekl wjit te’sik wjit ketlamsitasik aqq wjit teli e’wasik koqowey, aqq apoqnmin koqowey jutey ketantu’n koqowey aqq nikwenmin. Piluwey koqowey kutey ejikla’tasik wjit kisa’toq ta’n tla’sin o’pla’sik mu kelu’knuk aqq wela’sik wutan ta’n wen tele’l aqq wlo’ti. Offset project kisitasik jiptuk elt kisitew wutann te’sik pemiaq piley kisa’toq aqq kejitoq.
Wiaqa’tasik ta’n wenji’kuo’m greenhouse gas elukwasik
Ta’n nuta’q: wiaqa’tasik ta’n wenji’kuo’m greenhouse gas elukwasik
Ta’n nuta’q: wiaqa’tasik ta’n wenji’kuo’m greenhouse gas elukwasik
Ki’l wutan na ktu’tla’tiket aqq kiskaje’k wjit offset elukwasik. Ta’n wije’tik koqowey teluwe tela’sik. Ta’n ketlamite’tasik wjit teliaq ta’n carbon weteliket aqq offset elukwasik jiptuk kisi apoqnmtew el’tasik aqq kisitasik ta’n technical kejitasik nuta’q ta’n wiaqa’tasik greenhouse gas (GHG) offset elukwasik.
1. Ta’n meknasik wjit offset system aqq ta’n koqowey menuwaqtasik
Te’s e’tasiw ala’toq ta’n nuta’q wjit wiaqa’lsin, na kulaman nuta’q wjit ankaptasik te’sik koqowey etek wjit ki’l eltasik teltek aqq ta’n tett tetew.
Weskunmin ta’n wen jiptuk poqateltew ki’l offset telawtik nuta’q ankaptasin ta’n tujiw meknmin ula teltek offset system. Ta’n tujiw ki’l elukwasik teltek jutey ankuwa’sik wejapesit, kutey biodiversity kisna ta’n wikit ikatk, jiptuk kisa’tew ta’n poqatelasik wjit ta’n telmnuweket wen. Ta’n te’sik etek wejiaq offset system eliaq wjit ta’n etek poqatelmk jiptuk ankuwa’itew wjit meski’k GHG emitters wjit ta’n te’s nuta’q koqowey. Jijuiwaqa ta’n te’sik aqq nuta’q, offset te’sik kisi’sik wjit compliance poqatelasik jiptuk wjit atelk telowtik eliaq wjit wen poqatel kutukwau.
Ta’n offset system ki’l mekenmin nuta’q weskunmin tela’sik etek wjit ki’l nuta’n offset lukwaqn teltek.
Ankaptmin ta’n teltek offset nut’aq wejiaq ta’n koqowey telukutijik aqq ankaptmin ki’l koqowey nuta’q welteskmin nut’aq wjit offset system aqq kutey koqowey teltek tela’sik.
2. Ilajuktmin na Offset Elukwsaik
Ta’n ikanite’tmin tela’sik wjit offset jiptuk nuta’q tele’k aqq wetnu’kwalsik; katu, ula tela’sik jiptuk apiqntew wela’sik wjit ula elukwasik. Etekl offset system ta’n ikana’tu’tij jiptuk nuta’tew elukwasik proponents wjit piskwa’toq ta’n elukwasik ta’n kis’ kisa’tasik nasiwi’kasultijik.
3. Ta’n Ankaptasik
Etekl ta’n offset system ikana’toq nuta’q elukwasik proponents wjit wiaqa’toq ta’n asite’asik wjit suwa’tn, ta’n nekm elukwatoq wjit elukwasik koqowey wjit tepaqa’tasik ki’s wjit elukwasik nasiwi’kusit. Ta’n teluwet ika’tew ta’n telte’tk wjit ta’n kisa’toq proponents wjit ika’tn ta’n nuta’q ika’tasin ta’n nuta’q aqq ta’n telte’tmin wula’sin ta’n kisi tasik koqowey ta’n te’sik GHG offset te’sik etek ta’n pianmiaq.
Pukwelkl ta’n elukwasik nuta’q ankaptasin, ta’n teluwejik jiptuk kisi apoqntew ta’n ika’tasik welte’tasik wjit ta’n kisa’tew ta’n telte’tasik piamiaq (aqq jiptuk apoqntew suliewey wjit ula lukwaqn), kutey ula lukwaqn proponent mu wesunmuk ki’s ta’n tela’sik wjit offset elukwasik. Ula ta’n elukwasik proponent nuta’q tlukwen wjit wenl mekenatl aqq apankituwatl wjit na’tuwan piluey wjit ankaptasik. Na ta’n telukutijik wjit telipia’tijik wjit kutey offset system aqq lukwaqn teltek, wjit ta’n wela’sik GHG accounting nuta’q nmknasin.
4. Registration wjit Elukwasik wjit ula Offset System
Msit system ta’n nuta’q elukwasik wjit kisa’toq ula teltek kutey koqowey wjit elukwasik wjit ula nasiwi’kusit wen uka wi’katikn. Ta’n tela’tasik aqq koqowey nuta’q wjit nasiwi’kusin wjit elukwasik na pilu’tetew wjit system, katu nuta’q koqowey ula kisi wiaqatek.
4A. Likwaqn ta’n kaqiwikasik
- wiaqtek ta’n eltasik teltek, ta’n ett etek, GHG wjit nisa’sin kisna jikla’tasin, ta;n tujiw poqjiaq aqq ta’n koqowey nuta’q e’wasin.
4B. Ta’n asite’tasik wjit GHG ejikla’tasik
- Na offset eltasik proponent nuta’q tlukwen wjit ta’n asite’tasik (ta’n alsutasik kisna tplutaqn) wjit GHG emission nisa’tasik kisna ejikla’tasik aqq wjit offset tes’ik eltasik wejiaq ta’n kisitasik.
- Ula na mawi nuta’q kulaman mu wen ikanilukwatuk tmk claim wjit nisa’tasik mesinmi’tij aqq kulaman mu ekitmit’ij ta’pu.
- Etekl ta’n apankitasik jiptuk claim ta’n asite’tasik wjit msit kisna ta’n wjit ejikla’tasik kaplno’l suliewey wjit elukwasik, kulaman wen nestitew ta’n wejiaq kaplno’l sulewey ta’n pemi lukwasik tla’sitew wjit wen suwa’tn offset system.
- Ika’tasik ta’n asite’tasik wjit GHG nisa’tasik kisna ejikla’tasik aqq wjit ta’n tela’sik offset te’sik jiptu tlipije’k, katu nuta’q na wutan poqjisuwa’tn ta’n asite’tasik ta’n asite’tasik poqjiaq ta’n poqji tasik koqowey.
- Etekl ne’sikl ta’n newte’ teltekl kisitla’sik:
Ta’n eltasik maqamikow mu ta’n pasik wen kisi liet
Ula eltasik proponent ta’n maqamikow wen alsut kisna weskunk teluwek alsut kisa’matultijik wjit maqamikem ta’n asite’tasik GHG ejikla’tasik kisna emission nisa’sik wejiaq koqowey wjit maqamikow.
Elkuwasik l’nuwe’katik maqamikow kisna mawamikow alsutk ula wutann
Ula elukwasik proponent na wutann kisna ta’n tplutaqn kisa’matultijik wjit wutann ta’n eliaq teli asite’tasik wjit GHG ejikla’tasik kisna emission ejikla’tasik wejiaq koqowey maqamikow.
Kowowey ta’n l’u’k kepmite’tasik territory wjit Crown Maqamikow
Ta’n asite’tasik wjit GHG ejikla’tasik kisna emission pemi mna’tasik etek wjit Crown misoqo eliaq se’k. Wutann nuta’q juku’wan ta’n kisa’matultijik wjit provincial kisna federal kaplno’l wjit tla’tiken staqa kisi suwa’tn wjit GHG ejikla’tasik kisna emission ejikla’tasik. Ta’n BC, ula kisa’matultijik na teluisultijik “Atomspheric Wejapesit ta’n Naskwa’tu’tij Kisa’matultijik.”
4C. Baseline ta’n tla’sitew aqq elukwasik kisi tla’sin
- Na baseline kisi tla’sik (elt telijijitasik-ta’n-ke’s tela’sik case) na teluwek wjit tela’sik koqowey aqq GHG ta’n ala’toq koqowey wjit mu wiaqa’tn offset lukwaqn.
- Ta’n elukwasik kisi tla’sin keknuwa’tikek wjit koqowey aqq ta’n teluwek wjit GHG emission mena’tasik kisna ejikla’tasik ta’n mesnmi’tij wejiaq offset elukwasik, teluwek offset ta’n tela’sik.
4D. Ta’n keknuwa’tiken koqowey wejiaq, we’tapa’q, aqq reservoirs
Ta’n wejiasq
Ta’n tela’sik tewa’toq GHGs ika’toq ula atmosphere. Ta’n wejiaq kisi ika’tasitew fuel combustion kisna fertilizer e’wasik.
Wketapaq’
Ta’n tla’asik teli jikla’tasik GHGs wejiaq ula atmosphere. Kwetapaq’ elt mesinmi’tij aqq kelnasik wjit carbon wasuwek nikwek, stoqn aqq tupkwan.
Reservoir
Na component ta’n te’sik wjit mawta’sik, kelnmi’tij aqq tewa’toq GHGs. Reservoirs kisi wiaqtetew wasuwekiktuk, stoqn aqq tupwaniktuk.
- Wiaqa’te’n msit koqowey kutey greenhouse gas wejiaq, kwetapaq’ aqq reservoirs wjit elukwasik koqowey ta’n teluwek offset telmnuweke’tij.
- Ta’n nuta’q jiptuk asite’tew koqowey wjit emissions wejiaq jikla’tasin wejiaq GHG ekitasik ta’n wejiaq ma tala’asinuk wejiaq ta’n elukwasik telukutijik.
4E. Ankuwa’tasik
- Ta’n elukwasik proponent nuta’tew tla’tiken ta’n ula GHG ejikla;tasik kisa’toq wejiaq elukwasik mu nuta’nuk ika’qn mu wiaqtenuk elukwasik, i.e. na ankuwa’sik.
- Ta’n panta’toq koqowey wjit ankuwa’sik koqowey elukwasik telukutijik ta’n mu kejitu’tik tela’tasik kisna nuta’q wejiaq tela’sik.
- Ta’n etekl offset systems na alsumsit ta’n elukwasik proponant wjit knuwa’tuwan tela’sik ankuwa’sik mita etekl ta’n kisa’toq naqa’sik ta’n ketu’ wiaqa’tasik.
4F. Ta’n Wesuwa’toq tla o’ol’tesk ta’n tele’sik ketu tlukutijik.
- wjit koqowey elukwasik wenaqa’sik ta’n mesini’tijkelnasik wjit carbon wasuwekituk, stoqniktuk, tupkwan, kisna geologic koqowey eltasik, eltasik proponents nuta’tew ankaptasin ta’n kisi tla’asin wjit carbon tuwa’tasitew atmosphere wjit ta’n mu nemitasinuk koqowey tela’sik.
- Ta’n jiptuk tla’sin ta’n ikana’sik wiaqtek ta’n teluwek ta’n enkatasik aqq ankaptasik koqowey wjit ejikla’sik ta’n kisi tla’sin.
- Kutey ta’n kisi tla’sitew wjit nipuktuk tela’sik ta’n koqowey nipuktuk eltasik wjit koqowey kutey puktew, jujijk pukwelkik kisna ta’n tujiw wesu’sik.
4G. Wespekiaq
- Wespekiaq ta’n tujiw ika’q koqowey kisna menuweket ankmayu wjit koqowey wjit teliaq liaqn se’k ta’n tujiw ika’tasik ketu’ wiaqa’tasik. Ula kisa’toq wenaqa’toq wjit GHGs se’k liaqn. Ta’n koqowey kutey kisa’toq nisa’sik nipukt telikwenasik wjit newte’ nipuktuk telikwenasik se’k lian.
- Ankaptasik koqowey kis’atoq wjit elukwasik ta’n kisa’tew ula tela’sik ta’n wespekiaq.
4H. Kite’n ta’n GHG ejikla’tasik.
- Wiaqa’tue’n ta’n ula GHG ejikla’sik kisna mena’tasik ta’n kisa’toq wejiaq koqowey, wejiaq ta’n tplutaqn aqq methodologies wjit GHG offset tela’sik. Pipanikesin kisna elukwasik ta’n toqilukwatu’tij wjit ta’n nenk ta’n asite’tasik wjit enkatasik.
5. Wiaqa’tasik
Ula offset elukwasik elketnasik wije’tik ta’n tplutaqn wjit offset system aqq ta’n koqowey nuta’q. Ula wiaqtek ta’n koqowey nuta’q nisa’tn kisna jikla’tn GHGs, katu elt ta’n mawte’mi’tij koqowey aqq siawi lukwatu’tij koqowey nuta’q (enkatasik aqq mawkijasik) aqq ankaptasik wjit jikla’tasin kisna mna’tasin. Ta’n asite’tasik teli pijiaq wjit mawte’k aqq ekitk te’sik ula GHG ejikla’toq kisna mena’toq mesnmi’tij wjit koqowey el’tasik aqq, katu, te’sik kisitasik.
6. Monitoring
Ula GHG emission ejikla’tasik kisna ejikla’tasik na te’sik e’wasik ta’n ika’tasik wjit meknmi’tij offset tela’sik. Ula wiaqtek e’wasik koqowey wjit el’tasik koqowey (te’sik fuel, electricity kisna fertilizer e’wasik, te’sik timber harvested, etc.) aqq emission te’sik wjit koqowey wjit ankaptasik te’sik wjt GHGs emitted ta’n tela’sik. Emissions koqowey wetaqne’wasik e’wasik wjit kuwaska’toq te’sik wjit koqowey teliaq (e.g., te’sik wjit fuel wesuwa’tasik, te’sik electricity e’wasik kisna te’sik wjit fertilizer ika’tasik) wjit GHG emission ekitasik. Piluwey koqowey, kampu’tl ta’n telpitik wjit e’wasik estimate emissions. Ula ta’n tela’sik ankite’tasik ta’n te’sik GHG emission aqq ejikla’tasik wejiaq ta’n koqowey nikwenasik maqamikow kisna nipuktuk koqoqwy nikwek wiaqtek wjit te’sk kaqi’sk enkatasik aqq computer modeling.
Offset elukwasik ta’n wiaqatek wenaqa’toq ta’n wejiaq kelnmi’tij carbon wasuwekiktuk, stoqn, tupkwan kisna geological kisitasik nuta’q ankaptasik wjit permance ula GHG ejikla’tasik ta’n tujiw pemiaq elukwasik nuta’q iknumuwan kaqiaq. Ta’n e’wasik wjit ankaptasik ta’n tla’sitew ikana’tasik wiaqtek:
- Ta’n tela’sik wjit mawita’mk aqq ikana’toq koqowey
- Teluwek ta’n tela’tmk koqowey, kwetapa’q aqq reservoirs ankaptasitew
7. Keknuwa’tikek
Keknuwa’tiket asite’tk wjit kuwaska’tasik aqq ta’n tela’sik wjit GHG offsets elukwasik wjit offset system. Ula elukwasik proponents nuta’q te’sk piskwa’tn elukwasik knuwa’tasin wjit offset system ikana’toq wjit kisa’toq mesink offset koqowey wejapesit. Keknuwa’tiket nuta’q ika’tasik wjit offset system nuta’q.
8. Ta’n teluwet tela’sik
Ta’n Keknuwa’toq ta’n nuta’q wjit suwa’tn te’sik aqq integrity wjit offset elukwasik, aqq kisa’toq wela’sik wjit ta’n tela’sik eltasik keknuwa’taqatijik. Ne’wt elukwasik proponent ta’n tela’tasik wjit ta’n kutey te’sikwjit ta’n tele’k (ke’s na’tami mu atelknuk aqq newtipunkek), na ta’n elukwasik nuta’q lukowulnin ta’n kisa’toq, newtuwilukwet nenat ta’n Kejitoq te’sik wjit knuwa’tn:
- ta’n offset eltasik kisi ika’tasik wjit ta’n ikani ankaptasik aqq tupltaqn wjit offset system.
- ta’n te’sik GHG ejikla’tasik kisna mena’tasik mesnmi’tij na tepaqtek.
Ula kisitasik proponants ika’tasik te’s ankaptasik koqowey aqq piluwey elukasik ta'n te’sik kisi Ankaptsitew wjit ula tinin. Ula offset system tplutaqn na ula ankaptitew ta’n nuta’q, kutey ula tela’sik aqq professional nuta’q kisna accreditation ta’n Ankaptik te’sik tinin njuta’q ika’tn.
9. Credit Issuance
Ne’wt offset system ikana’toq na welte’tk system tplutaqn kisi majukwalut, nekmuk kisi ika’taq GHG offset te’sik ika’tasik eltasik proponent. Teluwejik ula offset system tplutaqn, na program ikana’toq jiptuk kl’nitew ta’n teltek te’sik ula eltasik wejiaq ta’n pitek buffer pool kisna environment integrity account. Ula program ikana’toq suwa’tew wejiaq pool wjit ilitn apankitasik ika’toq wejiaq offset system ta’n elmiaq we’jitasin mu klu’kn.
10. Metuwi’skasik wjit Credits
Katu ta’n metuwi’skasik offset kisi nmitasitew ta’n kaqiaq tela’sik wjit tela’sik ta’n wen kisa’tew teliaq, wela’sik wjit nestasik ta’n tujiw poqjiaq elukwasik tmk ta’n wen poqateltew credits, ta’n te’sik credits koqteltaq, aqq ta’n telowtik apankitaq te’s newte’ credit.
Mita offset credit telowtik kisi piluwa’sitew, etek ta’n kisi suwa’tew ta’n iknmwetoq-wjit telowtik poqatelasik na wesku’tasik ikana’sik, aqq kutu amkuwat ta’n mawi wulowtukwen. Offset credits na kisamkuwatis ta’n wen e’wk offset credit kisna ta’n maliaptik broker kisna wholesaler. Metuwi’setu’n ta’n agent nuta’q telukwet wjit kwlujik poqatel’mi’tij wjit market. Metuwi’sketoq wjit amkmayu nuta’q me’ lukwaqn wjit we’jiujik poqatelmi’tij aqq wesku’tasik koqowey mituwi’sketasik, katu jiptuk asite’tew credit tuwi’skasin me’ ajowtik.
Eltmk ta’n Kisitasik ukjit Kana’ta-ewey Wasuekuo’kuo’m Pitkmasik Te’wi-ika’tasik Iknmuetasik Tel-lukwek
Ta’n Nuta’ql: Eltmk ta’n Kisitasik ukjit Kana’ta-ewey Wasuekuo’kuo’m Pitkmasik Te’wi-ika’tasik Iknmuetasik Tel-lukwek
Ta'n Nuta'ql: Eltmk ta'n Kisitasik ukjit Kana'ta-ewey Wasuekuo'kuo'm Pitkmasik Te'wi-ika'tasik Iknmuetasik Tel-lukwek
Kana'ta Wasuekuo'kuo'm Pitkmasik (GHG) Te'wi-ika'tasik Iknmuetasik Tel-lukwek iknmuetoq koqoey ukjit te'wi-ketnmn telitasikl ta'n kisa'toq naji-tekle'jk GHG tewiaql kisna wnaqa'sikl ta'n ejikla'tasikl ta'n GHG'el wejiaql ta'n wksitqamuk. Ta'n kis-tl-lukwemk ta'n kisitutsk najelk federal-ey te'wi-ika'tasik iknmuetasikl ta'n kisi ktui'skasiktital eltoql nuta'ql ukjit ketantmk pekwatmk ukjit tel-lukwemkl ta'n kisitoql ta'n GHG nisiaql. Ula apoqnmatk wnaqa'tun telitekemk aqq te'wijuwikl apanketasikl ula ta'n tel-lukwutikl.
Keskmna'q kisita'siwen ukjit piskwi-wi'kusin ula kisitasik ta'n Kana'ta-ewey GHG Te'wi-ika'tasik Iknmuetasik tel-lukwek, kisitasik etekl miamujpa mikuaptmkl pikwelkl ta'n lukwaqna'tikekl wiaqiw ma'wt:
- Telitasik teli-wikasin
- Telawtikl aqq welapetemkl
- Te'sek aqq apoqnmuek nuta'ql.
Ankaptmk ta'n telitasik na tel-wikasik ukjit nasi-wikasin
Mu na msit tel-lukwemkl ta'n nisa'toql GHG'el ta'n kisi te'wi-ika'tasiktitew telitasik lame'k Kana'ta-ewey GHG Te'wi-ika'tasik tel-lukwek miamujpa welteskekl ta'n nuta'ql ukjit ta'n Kana'ta-ewey Wasuekuo'kuo'm Pitkmasik Te'wi-ika'tasik Iknmuetasik Telitasik Tetpaqa'luwekewe'l (ta'n Tetpaqa'luwekewe'l) aqq ta'n federal-ey te'wi-ika'tasik tetpaqtek nastek ta'n tet kisitasik. Ta'n Tetpaqa'luwekewe'l tewa'tkitkl ta'n msit majukwatmkl aqq nuta'ql ewikasikl ukjit msit telitasikl, aqq ta'n tel-lukwemkl wiaqtekl nuta'ql ukjit piltuwamu'kl kisitasikl telamu'kl. Kitk ta'n Tetpaqa'luwekewe'l aqq ta'n ewikasikl tel-lukwemkl nuta'q mikuaptasiktn toqtekl ta'n tujiw eltmk aqq ewe'mek ta'n te'wi-ika'tasik kisitasik. Pile'l tel-lukwemkl na kisitasikl ta'n tet siawtaqa'sik teltek ukjit najelkl eltun na'tal-lukwemkl ukjit GHG te'wi-ika'tasik kisitasikl. Nestmk ketloqo kisitasik welteskememkl msit ta'n nuta'ql ukjit nasi-wikasin ta'n ewikasin ukjit ta'n federal-ey GHG te'wi-ika'tasik telitasik nuta'q na amskwesk elkusuwatasik ukjit telitasik telitmk.(
Iloqaptmkl Telawtikl aqq Mesnmkl
Telawtikl aqq mesnmkl na nuta'q mikuaptasiktn asoqmtaqtek msit pemiaq ula ta'n kisitasik. Etekl telawtikl wiaqtekl ukjit msit etekl ukjit ta'n GHG te'wi-ika'tasik telitasik ta'n nuta'q mikuaptasiktn ta'n wiaqtek ukjit iloqaptmk ta'n tel-tepawtik. Ula telawtikl na kji-pmiatal ta'n telki'kl, tel-mil-lukwekl, aqq telamu'k ta'n telitasik. Pikwelkl ta'n telawtikl na siawtaqa'sikl weja'tikemk siawtaqa'sik ta'n tet kisitasik aqq tlitpiaqtitew keskmna'q mesnmk koqoey ta'n telawtik wejia telawtikl ta'n iknmuetasikl. Maw-we'wasikl etekl telawtik ta'n te'sek aqq telawtik wiaqtek:
- Kisitasik eltasik – Eltmk, ila'muwemk toqi-lukwutimkl, iloqaptmk telawtik, mawo'tmkl apoqnmuekl aqq ewikasik, aqq kiskaja'tmk nasi-wi'kusimk wi'katiknl
- Nasa'lejik Tel-lukwutijik – Mesnmn ta'n pasik teken nuta'q apoqnmasuti wejiaq tel-lukwutijik ukjit apoqnmuwa'tinew ta'n etekl ukjit ta'n kisitasik
- Kisitasik telawtik – Wnaqa'tmk nuta'q telawtik
- Kisitasik tel-lukwemkl – Lame'k-wesuwa'tmk ta'n tel-lukwemkl ta'n kisitoq GHG nisiaql
- Te'sekl – Nikatmk, wesuwa'tmk ewikasik, aqq najelk GHG nisa'tu'nl
- Ewi'kmk – Kiskaja'tmk etek telitasik ewikasikl
- Piskwi-wi'kusimk – Nasa'let ta'n si'stewey tekweywaji piskwi-wi'kut wktinink ukjit maliaptmn etekl mitukwatmn aqq ankaptmn telitasikl ewikasikl keskmna'q tewa'tkitasiktnuk
- Tel-lukwekl telawtikl – Teli-ktui'skemk ta'n ewe'mekl, we'ji'jik poqitelika'tijik, aqq ila'matultimk ukjit telawtik teltelemkl
Ma'wt wiaqiw, ukjit ta'n kisitasikl ta'n wiaqtekl kisa'matultimkl ukjit toqi-lukwuti'tiji, ta'n kisitasik tel-lukwek nuta'q wksuwa'tun ta'n mikuaptmk ta'n telawtikl wejiaq ta'n naskwa'tmk ukjit kisitasik telaptemkl ta'n toqi-lukuwutimkik.
Ta'n ajipjutmk ta'n telamu'k elukwasik, iknmuetasikl ta'n jiptuk me' kisitasiktital newte' teltekl ankmu, kisna jiptuk naji-pkwija'tikektitew keskmna'q GHG'el nisiaqtnukl wejiaq ta'n te'wi-ika'tasik iknmuetasikl ta'n iknmuetasikpn. Ta'n tujiw eltmk ta'n kisitasik, mikuapte'n ta'n nikani-apanketmkl ta'n apanketasiktital keskmna'q telawtikl ta'n kisitasikl. Suliewey nuta'q wejiaq sulieweyo'kuo'm kisna apanketmu'tite'wk, na nuta'qtitew ukjit mikuaptmn ta'n telawtikl ta'n kesatmk apanketmk ta'n anqatuwimkl kisna apaja'tmkl apanketmkl ta'n apanketmu'tite'wk.
Ankuwa'tasikl mikuaptasikl ukjit Sa'se'wa'sikl Kisitasikl
Etekl ta'n ankuwa'tasikl mikuaptasikl ukjit kisitasikl ta'n wiaqtekl pitkmasik sa'se'wa'sik. Jiptuk tektitew ta'n tel-lukwemk telawtikl ukjit ta'n telikk ukjit akase'wimkl-ejiklkitasikl mekwaye'k ta'n GHG te'wi-ika'tasik kisitasik aqq pilewey ta'n maqmikewey ewe'k nkutey nike' wenji'kuo'm. Po'qawemk kisna melki-maliaptmk npukt mena'taqutimk. Katu ma'wt, GHG te'wi-ika'tasik telitasikl jiptuk asite'ttew ukjit siawtaqa'siktn ewe'wasik ukjit ketantekemk aqq pilewe'l tel-lukwemkl kisna telo'ltimkl ewe'wasikl.
Ukjit nipuktukewe'l tel-lukwekl, mawi-mko'tikl kisitasikl wiaqtekl maliaptmk ta'n nipuktuk tewiaq pitkmasik te'sek, teli-ika'tmk ukjit ta'n pitkmasik ajawtiktitew wejku'waq aqq mu tenuk kisitasik, aqq siawtaqa'sik jiko'tasik ukjit nipukt telikwek. Ula tel-lukwemkl jiptuk nuta'tal kejitu'tij tel-lukwutijik.
Ukjit pitkmasik sa'se'wa'sik kisitasikl etek ma'wt elt ta'n nuta'q ukjit teluwemk lukwaqna'luwekl ta'n tett sa'se'wasikl pitkmasik ukjit ta'n iknmuetasikl aqq eltasikl na tuwa'tasiktital apaju ta'n tett wksitamu (ma'wt tel-nenasik esata'sik). Ula wiaqtek ta'n telitasik ukjit esata'sik lukwaqna'luksin maliaptasik tel-lukwek.
Iapjiwewey jiko'tikemk ukjit ta'n ksata'siktital na nuta'q aqq miamujpa siawtaqa'tu'n ukjit teli-pkwije'k ta'n teli-ika'tasik Tetpaqa'luwekewe'l. Ula ta'n federal-ey GHG te'wi-ika'tasik telitasik, jiko'tikemk miamujpa siawtaqa'sik ukjit kaskimtlnaqn te'sipunqek ta'n tujiw kaqiaq iknmuetasikl etekl.
Iknmuetasikl na miamujpa etui'skasikl ta'n poqiteliket keskmna'q kisitasiktnuk suliewey ta'n wejiaq iknmuetasikl. Ala'let poqateliket Nenat ki's na kisi-apoqnmattew wnaqa'tun ketloqoey wejiaq ta'n kisitasikl suliewey telawtik. Telawtik na ila'matultimk mekwaye'k ta'n netuwi'skete'w aqq poqitelikete'w aqq mu na ika'tasiktnuk te'wi-ika'tasikewei teltek. Pitkmatasik etuiskasikl siawa'sik ukjit wesuwa'qa'tiken, aqq ta'n eymu'tijik ketu' pqwatelika'tijik eltu'tij tela'taqetimk ukjit iknmuetasikl ta'n jiptuk sa'se'wa'siktital wejku'waq.
Iapjiwewey jiko'tikemk ukjit esata'sultijik, na nuta'q kisna inuk'k miamujpa siawtaqa'tu'tij ukjit teli-pkwije'k Tetpaqa'luwekewe'l (ma'wt tel-nenasik esata'sik), kisna ukjit pitkmasik (nuta'q ukjit teluwemk). Lukwaqna'luwekl ta'n tett GHG te'wi-ika'tasik telitasik ta'n tett federal-ey GHG te'wi-ika'tasik, telitasik ika'tasik telitasik jiko'tikemk miamujpa siawtaqa'asik ukjit.
Etekl pikwelkl etekl ta'n etui'sketmkl apanketmkl, tlia ketloqo ta'n iknmuetoq ewe'wk kisna wejiaq ta'n apanketk, akase'wite'w, kisna netuwi'sket. Ula tel-lukwekl wiaqtekl pikwelkl pemteskmkl ta'n wetnu'kwatmk, telawtik koqoey, jiptuk tlawtiktitew, aqq ketloqoey ta'n wejku'aq.
Ta'n federal-ey GHG te'wi-ika'tasik teltek asite'tk pikwelkl mnoekemkl ta'n jiptuk wnaqa'tutew ta'n telawtik tel-tepawtik ta'n kisitasikl aqq ta'n nuta'q toqa'tasiktn ta'n kisitasik eltmk.
Toqa'tasikl
Kana'ta-ewey GHG te'wi-ika'tasik iknmuetasik tel-lukwek asite'tkl telitasikl ta'n ewe'wk ta'n newte' teltek tel-lukwemk ta'n ukjit toqa'tasik (toqa'sik) na to'q piltuwamu'kl teltekl welteskasikl. Ula jiptuk asite'ttew ukjit telawtik westawiatmk aqq naji-klu'lk westawialsimk ta'n kisitasik nasi-wikasimk, ewe'wasik, jiko'tmk, ewi'kmk, aqq maliaptmk, aqq ma'wt elt jiptuk wnaqa'siktitew msit telawtik tel-tepawtik ukjit tel-tepkisa'tmk e'tasiw kisitasik ewe'wasik e'tasiw.
Iknmuetasik suliewe'l apoqnmuekl
Jijuaqa telawtikl wejiaql te'wi-ika'tasik kisitasikl ta'n mu tepianuk ukjit eltun kisitasik suliewey ta'n telawtik. Kisitasikl na nasi-wikasikl ukjit ta'n federal-ey GHG te'wi-ika'tasik telitasik ta'n wlapetten wejiaq pilewey suliewe'l iknmuetasikl, pasik kisitasik tel-wikasik ukjit msnmn iknmuetasikl ta'n iknmuetasikl ukjit ta'n GHG nisa'tasikl eltasikl ta'n tett kisitasik aqq ta'n telawtik tel-lukwek majukwatmkl mukk naqa'tu ta'n kisitasik ukjit wiaqa'lsin ta'n tett te'wi-ika'tasik telitasik. Ula wnaqa'toq ta'n mekenmkl etekl ukjit kisitasik telawtik ukjit asite'tmn teli-msnmk asite'tasikl kisna telawtikl telitasikl, ma'wt wiaqiw elt kelo'tmk maqatuwimkl kisna apanketmkl. Katu elt, pikwelkl sulieweye'l telitasikl wiaqtek telawtik naskwa'tmk, aqq kishka' sulieweye'l telitasikl jiptuk wksuwa'tutew kishka' ta'n tett GHG niskitasikl mesnasik wejiaq ta'n kisitasik. Ula na nuta'q ukjit kjijitun ta'n iknmuetasik GHG niskitasikl na mu tapui-kitasiktnukl.
Teli-ika'lsin pilewe'l tel-lukwekl
Jiptuk me' kisi-msntsk iknmuetasikl ukjit pilewe'l apoqnmuekl ukjit ta'n GHG te'wi-ika'tasik kisitasik ma'wt elt GHG niskitasikl Welapetmkl nkutey nike' sa'se'wa'sikl kisna wikimk naji-petlewa'tasik, kisna naji-petlewa'tasik samqwan telamu'k kisi eltutal mesnmkl wejiaql pilewey tel-lukwek. Ta'n nuta'ql ula ta'n pilewey iknmuekewey telitasik aqq ta'n federal-ey GHG te'wi-ika'tasik telitasik miamujpa welteskasik. Westawiatmk aqq weji-mimajimk jiko'tmk telitasikl ma'wt elt wiaqiw iknmuetasital ukjit kishka' te'wi-ika'tasikl telitasik telamu'kl. Ta'n tett, elte'n ki'l telitasik ukjit wlteskmn pikwelkl tel-lukwekl.
Maqmikewe'l kisitasikl ta'n L'nu'k-nikanusk kisna wiaqtekl L'nue'kati'l
Mikuaptmk ta'n tela'matultimk ukjit L'nu'k ta'n tett maqmikew aqq nekemowk ta'n kjijitaqnmuow ukjit kis-tliaq aqq nike' weji-mimajimk telamu'kl, federal-ey te'wi-ika'tasik tel-lukwemkl jiptuk wiaqtetew enkatmkl tela'matikl ukjit ta'n wiaqa'lsiktn ukjit L'nue'kati'l ta'n iapjiw jiko'tikemk aqq esata'sik lukwaqna'luwek maliaptmk Ula wnaqa'toq ta'n mekenmkl etekl ukjit kisitasik telawtik ukjit asite'tmn teli-msnmk asite'tasikl kisna telawtikl telitasikl, pasik kisitasik tel-wikasik ukjit msnmn iknmuetasikl ta'n iknmuetasikl ukjit.
Wesuwa'tmk
Ke'sk na mu nuta'qtnuk lame'k ta'n federal-ey GHG te'wi-ika'tasik telitasik, wesuwa'tmk ta'n tett telitasik ta'n tett tel-lukwet si'stewe'k elukewaji ta'n kisi-apoqnmattew wnaqa'tun ketloqoey ta'n tett kisitasik na asite'tasiktitew nasi-wi'kusin aqq kisi-ektutew te'wi-ika'tasik iknmuetasikl.
Kejitmk tel-nuta'q te'sek aqq apoqnmuekl
Kisitasik ta'n tet GHG te'wi-ika'tasik kisitasik wiaqtekl nuta'ql apanketasikl ukjit te'si-aja'sik, wetnu'kwalsimk aqq apoqnmuekl. Eltmk ta'n te'sek aqq eltmk ta'n apoqnmuekl jiptuk na mseki'ktitew tel-lukwek ukjit ta'n elukwek ukjit tuwa'tkitmn kelu'lk kisitasik. Kwile'n etekl ewikasikl aqq kinu'tmasi ta'n etekl kisitasikl ta'n kis-tl-lukwen. Kana'ta-ewey Wasuekuo'kuo'm Pitkmasik Te'wi-ika'tasik Iknmuetasik Telitasik Msit Piskwi-wi'kusimk iknmuetoq apisqaykney ewikasik ta'n nasi-wikasikl kisitasikl.
Apoqnmasuti ta'n tujiw nuta'q eltmk, apanketmk kisna ewe'memk ula kisitasik, kwilu toqi-lukwutioqik ta'n naskwa'tutaq ki'l ketu' tl-lukwenl aqq ma'wt ketu' wksuwa'tun ta'n nuta'q ukjit kjijitun ta'n msit tel-lukwutijik ala'tu'tij ewikasik nuta'q ta'n eltoql ewikasikl tela'matultimkl.
Ta'n tujiw ila'matultimk ukjit lukwaqn ta'n tett te'wi-ika'tasik kisitasik kisiteket kisna pilewey kisitasik toqi-lukweyoq, sapaptmk aqq newte' teli-nsitmk ukjit kepmite'tasikl tel-lukwemkl aqq tel-nuta'ql na nuta'q. Ta'n te'wi-ika'tasik kisitasik kisi-iapjiwewe'ktitew lame'k-wesuwa'tmk aqq na ta'n nuta'q ukjit toqi-lukwutijik kejitu'tij ta'n e'tasiw teli-ktnu'kwalsit ukjit iknmuen aqq ta'n wesuwa'toq ta'n lukwaqna'luwekl wiaqtekl ta'n tett kisitasik.
Pipanikesimkl ukjit ta'n ketu' toqi-lukwutimkik:
- Koqoey net toqi-lukweyoq tel-lukwet ta'n newte' teltekl kisitasikl?
- Tal-kisi welapetemkl aqq lukwaqna'luwekl ta'n wejiaql ta'n kisitasik kisi-naskwa'tasiktital?
- Talipiaq net ta'n tujiw kisitasik eltoql najelkl kisna naji-tekle'jkl iknmuetasikl ta'n ika'tasikl?
- Ta'n net-toqi-lukweyoq nenajik apanketmi'tit ta'n tett iknmuetasikl, aqq ta'n te'sek ketloqoey ta'n etek ta'n tett telawtik te'sek aqq telawtik?
- Tami net ula wejiaq kisa'matultimkl, aqq kisi-jikla'tasiktital?
Maliapte'n tetpaqeyuksin aqq, ma'wt kisi-tla'tiken, klulatsk pilewe'k ta'n elukwutipnik ta'n toqi-lukweyoq. Kwile'n tplutaqney aknutmaqn keskmna'q piskwa'wen ta'n pasik teken kisa'matultimk. Toqi-lukwutijik nuta'q wiaqa'tunew siawtaqa'sik ewikasik naskwa'tmk aqq toqi-lukwemk.
Wjikisitoq / Kis-maqatu'wit | Asa Telawtik | Wetnu'kwalsit | |
---|---|---|---|
Amkamiou eliaq ewe'ketoq | esipqutek | tekele'jk | esipqutek |
Metue'sketew/ Nuj-amkuat | aqati'k | tekele'jk | tekele'jk |
Seawa'tu lukwaq'n | aqati'k | esipqutek | aqati'k |
Woods Cree
pikocitaw kîkwâya ta-âpatâkwâw
- namôtha pîwâpiski-asiniy
- pîciwi-ithîwîn ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwinisa
- kamithwâsikwâw anihi pîcipiwin-ithîwîna
- pîcipiwin-ithîwîna iskonikâtîwi ispathiwinis
- waweyiscikâtek misi atoskewin ekota kanâta pihcipowi eyewin nakinamâkewin masinahikewipayiwin pakitinikâtehki
namôtha pîwâpiski-asiniy
pikocitaw kîkwâya ta-âpatâkwâw: namôtha pîwâpiski-asiniy
pikocitaw kîkwâya ta-âpatâkwâw: namôtha pîwâpiski-asiniy
kîkwây ôhi pîcipiwin-ithîwîna?
pîcipiwin-ithîwîna (GHGs) anihi ithîwîna, ka-pakitinikâtîki, ka-mâmawipathiki kîsikohk, i-ati-mâmawinâk kisitiwin pîsimihk ohci. ikwa ôma ka-isithihkâtîk “pîcipiwin-ithîwîni-ispathiwin”. kîspin ôhi pîcipiwin-ithîwîna ati-osâmi-kisitîkwâwi ôta kakî-mîskocipathina kahkithaw kîkwaya misiwî ôta askîhk.
ikoni ôhi tâpitaw GHG ka-âstîki ôta:
- pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin
- namôtha isinâpâsktîw mîna isimâhkwan nânitaw isi ikwa mîna namôtha pîcipiwini-pimiy
- namôtha isinâpâsktîw mîna isimâhkwan nânitaw isi ikwa mîna namôtha pîcipiwini-pimiy ka-âpatâhk wâsaskotînikîwinihk ikwa ta-kisisikâniwik
- atoskîwi-âpacihcikîwina ka-âpatahki kici ta-tahkastâyin kîkwâya
- pâhpiwi-pimiy
- pîcipiwin-ithîwîna athisitiniwak kakî-osihtâcik
âtiht ôhi GHGs kwayask pakamiskamok ka-isi-wîpâhk ôta askîhk mina kotaka. kîspin ta-wathâpâtaman ôhi GHGs mîskocipathina isi pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin piyakwanohk mâka piko ta-isi-mîskoci-pitâkwâw ôma ka-isi-kisitîwi-wîpâhk (GWP). kîspin ta-mîskosipathik isi CO2e, pîtos GHGs ta-mâmawipathina ôhi pîcipiwi-wathawiyâpâtiwi-pimiya ikwâcî anihi ka-iskopathiki.
ka-isi-kisitîwi-wîpâhk (GWP):
namôtha isinâpâsktîw mîna isimâhkwan nânitaw isi ikwa mîna namôtha pîcipiwini-pimiy ka-âpatâhk wâsaskotînikîwinihk ikwa ta-kisisikâniwik ayâw GWP nânitaw nîstanaw-niyânanosâp ôma pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin, ikwa ôma tâpiskohc piyak kihci-mitahtomitanaw ka-ispitinakwatihk ôma namôtha isinâpâsktîw mîna isimâhkwan nânitaw isi ikwa mîna namôtha pîcipiwini-pimiy ka-âpatâhk wâsaskotînikîwinihk ikwa ta-kisisikâniwik piyakwan tâpiskohc nîstanaw-niyânanosâp ôma pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin, ikwa namôtha isinâpâsktîw mîna isimâhkwan nânitaw isi ikwa mîna namôtha pîcipiwini-pimiy ka-âpatâhk wâsaskotînikîwinihk ikwa ta-kisisikâniwik kakî-mîskostastân isi nîstanaw-niyânosâp CO2e.
kîkwayâ ôhi GHGs pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin?
GHG pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin pakitinikâtîwa ithîwîwinihk osâm athisitiniwak wîthawâw ka-itohtâkwâw tâpiskohc, ka-pônâkwâw pimiy tâpiskohc otâpânâskwa ka-pimipathiyâcik ikwa asici mâna ka-wathawîstamâsocik, tâpiskohc mâna kîkwâya kotaka ka-ati-siwânâcikîmakâkwâw ôta askîhk. kiyâpic ôma takî-mîskotinikâtîwa âhpô takî-wîkatînikâtîwa mâmaw ôhi GHGs pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin. tâpiskohc, kistikâna ka-mîkwâ-opikîki takî-wîkatînamok pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin ithîwîwinihk. mamâwi-âpacihcikan mîna kakî-wîcihtâmakana ta-kâcitinamok ôma pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin ikwa mîskocipathîtâwak ôhi kîkwâya ikwa asici kakî-iskonikâtîwa.
kîkwâya ôhi pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin-âsiwi-atâwîwina?
ikoni ôhi pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin-âsiwi-atâwîwina (ikwa asici isithihkâtîwa mîna âsiwi-atâwîwina) GHGs pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin, iskôpathikîwina ikwa wîkatînikwîwina. Ikoni ôhi piko âwînikak takî-âsiwi-atâwîwak ôki athisitiniwak âhpô otatoskîwîkamikwa ta-kakwî-nakiskâkwâw ôhi GHG pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin.
nîso ôhi pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin-âsiwi-atâwîwina itakwana – ka-mostatoskîyan ikwa pikocitaw. itwîkân ôhi âsiwi-atâwîwina ta-misiwîtohtamok.
athisitiniwak âhpô otatoskîwîkamikwa ka-mostatoskâtâkwâw ôhi GHGs pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin ikosi ka-itohtâkwâw ta-isi-nakiskâwâw ôma ka- misiwîtohtâcik. tâpiskohc, âtiht ôhi otatoskîwîkamikwa nâkiskamok ôhi net-zero tâhto-askîy. ikwa ômîtho ka-itohtâkwâw nîtininakok ôhi pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowina ikwa tipahâmok anihi ka-iskwastîki isi GHG wîkatînikwîwina.
kihci-okimânâhk itasiwâtikawiwak kahkithaw otatoskîwîkamikwa piko îkâ ikwathikôk ta-pakitinâkwâw GHG pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowina. ikoni mîna athisitiniwak ikwa kotaka otatoskîwîkamikwa takî-atâwîwak ikwa takî-apacihtâwak ôhi âsiwi-atâwîwina ka-iskonikâtîki ta-kakwî-naiskâkwâw ôma ka-isi-pakitinîcik.
kîkwây anima ka-iskonikâtîk masinahikîwin?
ôma GHG iskonikâtî-masinahikîwin (asici isithihkâtîw pîcipiwi-ithîwîn-masinahikîwin) ôma kakî-âsiwi-atâwâkân piyakwan piyak kihci-mitahtomitanaw ka-ispitinakwâk isko ôhi GHG pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowina âhpô GHG ka-wîkatinikâtîk kîsikohk ohci. ka-iskonikâtîk masinahikîwin mîthikânîwina misiwî anihi ka-nawasiwâtâkwâw ôhi otatoskîwak ikwa otatoskîwikamikwa ka-nakiskâkwâw ôhi GHG ka-iskonikâtîk ispathiwin. kakî-atawâkîwak ispihk ôhi ôta pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin-âsiwi-atâwîwina.
kîkwây ôma GHG iskonikâtîk ispathiwin?
GHG iskonikâtîk ispathiwin ôma (asici ka-isithhkâtîk GHG GHG iskonikâtîk isîpinikîwin) wathasiwîwinisa astîwa ôta ikwa asici ta-isi-osihtât âwinak ka-iskonikâtîk masinahikîwina. ta-kakwî-osihcikâtîki iskonikâtîk ispathiwina, ahtisitiniwak ikwa otatoskîwikamikwa mostatoskâtamok ta-nakiskâcikâtîki iskonikâtîk ispathiwina wathasiwîwina kakî-astât ana okimâwi-pimipathîcikîw. ikoni ôhi ahtisitiniwak ikwa otatoskîwikamikwa - pikocitaw ôki ta-masinahâkwâw kîkwây anima ka-atoskâtâwâw ikwa asici mîna piko ta-nawasiwâtâkwâw anihi wathasiwîwina kakî-astât ana otatoskîwikamikwa ikoni ôhi piko ta-nawasowâcikâtîki. piko awa otatoskîwikamikwa ta-kîcinâhot ôhi i-nawasowâcikâtîki wathasiwîwina i-mwayi-mîkit iskonikâtîk ispathiwina.
ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwina ka-itawâkâtîki isi anihi ka-mostatoskîwi-atâwîwina mâna ka-nîkâniskâcikâtîki namôtha wîthawâw kihci-okimânâhk ôhi mâka kotakak aniki otatoskîwikamikwa, ikoni ka-wathasiwâtâkwâw ôhi ikwa piko ta-nawasiwâcikâtîki.
ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwina anihi pikocitaw asiwi-atâwîwin ka-pimipathîtâcik kihci-okimânâhk ohci, ikoni ôhi wîthawâw wathasiwîwina ka-astâcik ôma îsi iskonikâtîki ispathiwina ka-isi-ispathikwâw ikwa mîkinâniwin anihi iskôpathikîwina ikwa wîkatînikwîwina.
ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwina kakî-mâcîpahikâtîki kici mostatoskîwin-atâwâkîwina takî-pakitinikâtîwa mistahi nawaci ispathîwina ikwa i-kihci-âpatâki ispathîwina, ka-mîkwâ-iskonikâtîki ispathiwina ka-itwâmâkâtîkwâw pikocitaw ikwa mîna nawaci sohkwana wathasiwîwina.
kîkwây anima ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwinis?
ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwinisa ôhi mosci-itohtamowina ka-wîkatînâkwâw GHG iskôpathikîwina âhpô wîkatînikwîwina mîna kîspin îkâ kakî-atoskâcikâtîki. Ikoni ôhi ispathiwinisa piko ta-masinahikâtîki ikwa asici ta-kiskîthîtâk awa ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwin okimâw, ikwa takî-atoskâcikâtîw, takî-kitâpâcikâtîw ikwa ta-masinahikâtîk asici îsi ka-ispathik, ikwa ta-tipahikâtîki ôhi iskôpathikîwina âhpô wîkatînikwîwina kakî-itasiwâtîki. ikwa mîna pikocitaw ôhi iskôpathikîwina âhpô wîkatînikwîwina ta-sâpôtî-wâpâcikâtîki kotak ohci awînak piskîc i-kaskîtât ikwa mîna asici ka-ayât kiskinwahamâtowasinahikan.
ikwa îtwîkân ôhi ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwinisa tâpiskohc:
- nawaci kitîthîcikîwin nohcimihk ta-kitîthîcikâtîki pakitatâmowin mistikohk ikwa askîhk ohci
- îkâ ta-pakitinikâtîk ôma namôtha isinâpâsktîw mîna isimâhkwan nânitaw isi ikwa mîna namôtha pîcipiwini-pimiy ka-âpatâhk wâsaskotînikîwinihk ikwa ta-kisisikâniwik wîpinikanihk
- ta-kitâpâcikâtîki ôhi nochimihkamikwa âhpô maskosîskamikwa (ikwa pakitatâmowin mwâc âpatan)
- ta-âtascikâtîki ôhi pimiya miciwini-tahkascikîwikamikwa îkâ osâm mistahi ta-wathawîpathikwâw pîcipiwîni-pakitatâmôwina
- ta-kakwî-mosci-sawânâtâkwâw îkâ katâc wîpinikanihk ta-itisahikâtîki
- ta-kitistikîcik mistikwa
- ta-kakwî-kâcitinâkwâw mostosi-mîyi
- mistahi nawaci ta-ascikâtîk wathawî-pakitatâmôwina kitistikânihk âyik ohci kihtwâmi-âpacihcikîwinihk
awîna awa isîcikîwinisi-otatoskîw?
isihcikîwinisi-owathawsiwîw (owathawsiwîw-osihcikîw) atoskâtam ôhi ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwinis mîskoc ta-osihcikâtîki iskonikâtîki-masinahikîwina. isihcikîwinisi-okimâw astâw wathasiwîwina ikwa takî-osihtâw asici iskonikâtîki-masinahikîwina îta ka-atoskît. âtiht ôhi piyakwan pikocitaw ta-ayâwât aniki isihcikîwinisi-owathawsiwîw âhpô ikota ta-wîkit âhpô ta-atoskît ikota ka-âkihtîk iskonikâtîki-ispathîwina.
kîkwây ôma iskonikâtîki-pikocitaw-itohtamowina?
iskonikâtîki-pikocitaw-itohtamowina kakî-itihthîcikâtîwa piyakwan ikosi piminawâsîcikîwina ka-isi-nawasawâcikâtîk. pikocitaw-itohtamowin itastîw tânisi ta-isi-nawasiwâcikâtîk ikwa ta-isi-tipahikâtîk ôhi ka-iskopathiki-masinahikîwinisa. pikocitaw-itohtamowina ôhi kwayask nawasawâcikâtîw ta-kitihthîcikâtîk ikwa mîna ta-kanwâpachikâtîk isi takî-isi-mâthipathikwa kîkwâya ikospihk pâtimâ takîmâcihtâw âwinak. ikwa ohci ôhi wathasiwîwina ta-kitâpâcikâtîki kâkithaw itohtamôwina îkâ kîkwây ta-mâthipathik ikwa ta-osâmahakwâw.
tânikohk itakîtin ôma iskonikâtî-masinahikîwin?
ka-itakîtîk ôma iskonikâtî-masinahikîwin pah-pitosi-akihtin tâpitaw ikoni ôhi kîkwâya:
ka-âstîki ikwa ka-isi-nitawîthîcikâtîki
âtakîtîwa mâna ôhi iskonikâtî-masinahikîwina isi ka-isi-mwâci-nitawîthîcikâtîki. kîspin mwâc nitawîthîcikâtîwa mwâc anihi mistahi ta-itakîtîwa. ikwa mîna kîspin mistahi nitawîthîciktîwa nawaci ta-mistakîtîwa. ithikôk GHG iskonikanî-masinahikanisa ikoni ôhi piko ta-isi-nitawîthîcikâtîki piko ka-isi-âpatâki ôtî nîkânihk. kotaka anihi iskopthîwini-isicikîwinisa mitoni kinwîs pâtimâ kakî-mâcipathiki. ka-isi-nitawîthîcikâtîki ôhi iskôpathikîwina ikwa asici ka-itakîtîki kotaka wathawî-pîcipiwi-pakitatâmôwina. ka-isi-nitawîthîtâkwâw athisitiniwak ikwa otatoskîwikamikwa ôhi mostatoskîwi-atâwîwina. ikoni piko nîkân ka-wâpâcikâtîki i-mwayi-mîkinâniwiki tânikohk ta-itakîtiki.
pikocitaw mîna mostatoskîwinihk
iskonikanîwi-masinahikîwina nawaci mistakîtîwa âsiwi-atâwîwinihk osâm takî-âpatana kici pîcipiwi-wathawipathi-pakitatâmowina. iskonikanîwi-masinahikîwina anihi itastîwa nîtî mostatoskîwini-âsiwi-atâwîwinihk nawaci ikota wîtakîtîwa.
îtowa isîcikîwinisa ka-ohcipathiki anihi iskonikaniwi-masinahikîwin
âtiht ôki ka-atâwîcik ôhi iskonikaniwi-masinahikîwin, nîtî awasimî mostatoskîwini-atâwîwinihk, mistahi mâna atâwîwak masinahikîwina îta anihi nawac mistahi kîkwâya ka-ayâcik mitho-kîkwâya (tâpiskohc otînâwi-osihcikîwinihk) ikwa asic îta ka-âstîki ôhi asici, âhpô asici kîkwâya kotaka ka-ayâcik mîna kotaks anihi. otatâwîwak ôki mîna nohtî-misi-tipahikîwak kîspin ikoni ôhi kîkwâya astîwa ikota.
ka-mithowâsiki ôhi iskonikaniwi-masinahikîwina
ka-itakîki ôhi iskonikaniwi-masinahikîwina mostatoskîwinihk kîpsin ôma sohkîthîtamok ikwa owathasowîwiniwâwa sohkwanithiki ikwa asici masinahikîwina nawaci mithwâsinithiwa.
wathasowîwina îkâ kâ-âkîtîki masinahikîwina
âskaw, mwâc kâkî-âkîtîwa ôhi iskonikaniwi-masinahikîwina kiyâm âsay mîkinâniwiki. Ikosi ôma kakî-ispathin kîspin awînak patâkamisici, patasinahikîci âhpô pisci-pakitinâkwâwi anihi pîciwi-wathawî-pakitatâmowina. okimâwatoskîwak takî-wîkatînamok mîna ôhi kîspin namwâc katawâ itastîwa. Isikwa mîna kakî-wîtamâw ana ta-mîskotinâk wîtha ôhi. âtiht mîna kakî-mîskotinikâtîwa ikwa âtiht mîna kakî-atawâkânîwina mâka pîtosîs piko ta-nîtakîtâkwâw osâm kakî-kostâtikwana.
Kîkwây ôma GHG iskonîwini-masinahosowin?
mitho-iskonîwini-ispathîwina kwayask itastâwak anihi ka-masinahikâtîki iskonîwini-ispathîwinisa ikwa asici iskonîwini-ispathîwina kahkithaw kici âwinak. GHG iskonîwini-masinahosowin wîcihitâmakan îta ôhi ka-âstîki, ikwa asici awinak kakî-masinahikît, ka-âpacihtât ikwa kakî-âpacihtât ôki.
mithwâsin mîna ôma ta-nôhkôtâcik ôhi GHG iskonîwini-ispathîwina kâhkithaw âwinak tawâpahtâk, îkâ kîkwây ta-kâcikâtîk. atâwîwak takî-wâpahtamok ôhi i-mwayi-atâwîcik mahti kîspin âsay awînak i-kî-atâwît âhpô i-kî-apcihtât ôhi.
pîciwi-ithîwîn ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwinisa
pikocitaw kîkwâya ta-âpatâkwâw: pîciwi-ithîwîn ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwinisa
pikocitaw kîkwâya ta-âpatâkwâw: pîciwi-ithîwîn ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwinisa
ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwinisa otatoskîwi-itiniwak osihtâwak ôhi iskonikâtîki-masinahikîwina mostatoskîwinihk ka-kakwî-pônihtâcik ôhi pîcipiwi-wathawîpathi-pakitatâmôwina âhpô ta-thâkinamok wîkatînikwîwina ikwa takî-nâhâstâwak kîsikohk, kîspin katawâ-nawasiwâtamok pikositaw-itihtamowina. GHG iskôpathikîwina ikwa wîkatînikwîwina akihcikâtîwa (tapahikâtîwa ikwa akihcikâtîwa) ikwa ta-sâpôtî-wâpâcikâtîki kotak ohci awînak piskîc i-kaskîtât ikwa mîna asici ka-ayât kiskinwahamâtowasinahikan. kîspin mâka piko nawasiwâtâkwâwi wathasiwîwina.
ikwa îtwîkân ôhi ka-iskonikâtîki ispathiwinisa tâpiskohc:
- nawaci kitîthîcikîwin nohcimihk ta-kitîthîcikâtîki pakitatâmowin mistikohk ikwa askîhk ohci
- îkâ ta-pakitinikâtîk ôma namôtha isinâpâsktîw mîna isimâhkwan nânitaw isi ikwa mîna namôtha pîcipiwini-pimiy ka-âpatâhk wâsaskotînikîwinihk ikwa ta-kisisikâniwik wîpinikanihk
- ta-kitâpâcikâtîki ôhi nochimihkamikwa âhpô maskosîskamikwa (ikwa pakitatâmowin mwâc âpatan)
- ta-âtascikâtîki ôhi pimiya miciwini-tahkascikîwikamikwa îkâ osâm mistahi ta-wathawîpathikwâw pîcipiwîni-pakitatâmôwina
- ta-kakwî-mosci-sawânâtâkwâw îkâ katâc wîpinikanihk ta-itisahikâtîki
- ta-kitistikîcik mistikwa
- ta-kakwî-kâcitinâkwâw mostosi-mîyi
- mistahi nawaci ta-ascikâtîk wathawî-pakitatâmôwina kitistikânihk âyik ohci kihtwâmi-âpacihcikîwinihk
iskonîwi-ispathîwinisa ôhi ka-nawasiwâcikâtîki kîspin awinak nohti-tâpakwîthîtam ikwa ta-sohkîthîtâk. piko atatâwîw ta-nawasiwâtâk nohtî-itinam ôhi.
tâpwîwin:
iskonîwi-ispathîwinisa piko ta-kaskîtât GHG iskôpathikîwina âhpô wîkatînikwîwina katawâ kici kîkwâya tapahikâtîk. otatâwîw piko ta-nôhkôtât ikaskîtât ôhi GHG iskôpathikîwina âhpô wîkatînikwîwina.
kotaka:
iskonîwi-ispathîwinisa piko ta-nîtinâk âhpô ta-wîkatînâk GHGs îsi i-wî-ispathik kîspin îkâ konîwi-ispathîwinisa, isithihkâtîw asici ôma mâci-wathsîpicikâniwin âhpô tâpiskohc tahto-kîskikâwatoskîwin.
kîspin GHG iskôpathikîwina âhpô wîkatînikwîwina kî-ispathina îkâ iskonîwi-ispathîwinisa, namôtha ôma ta-ispathin.
tânithikohk:
iskonîwi-ispathîwinisa otatoskîw piko katawâ ta-isi-akihtât ikwa ta-isi-tipahikît ôhi GHG iskôpathikîwina âhpô wîkatînikwîwina kakî-kaskîtât, kîspin kî-apcihtâw pikocitaw-itihtamôwina. Ikwa ôma kîspin kakî-apacihtât âwinak katawâ tipahikîwini-âpacihcikana ta-otinâk akihtâsowina GHG iskôpathikîwina âhpô wîkatînikwîwina ohci.
kakikî:
âskaw takî-kostâtikwan ôma nâscikâtîki pakitatâmowin ôtî nîkânihk (mosci âhpô ocitaw). Isicikîwinisa ka-thâkinâstâcik âhpô ka-itinâkwâw pakitatâmowin kistikânihk, mistikohk, asiskihk, âhpo ka-nakinikâtîk pakitatâmowin, isicikîwinis-otatoskîw piko ta-kinawîthîtât kâkikî GHG wîkatînikwîwina âhpô pîcipiwi-wathawipathi-pakitatâmowina îthikôk ka-itastîthik.
- iskonîwi-ispathîwinisa mâna nitawîthîcikâtîw pakitatâmowi-nâscikîwin ta-kitâpâcikâtîk nânitaw mitahtomitanaw askiya kîsi osihcikîki ôhi iskopathîwini-masinahîwina.
- iskonîwi-ispathîwinis okimâw takî-nakinam ôhi âtiht iskopathîwini-masinahîwina kîspin pisci-pakitinikâtîki pakitatâmowin ôtî nîkânihk.
- kîspin ispathîwinisi-otatoskîw pakitinam ocitaw pakitatâmowin (tâpiskohc i-kîskatahikânowik nohcimihk), âpwî itikwî kâwî piko ta-tipahikîcik.
piyakwâyik piko:
iskonîwi-ispathîwinis piko piyakwâw kaî-âpatan ôhi GHG wîkatînikwîwina. osâm kakî-pisci-patakîtâsow âwinak âhpô takî-osâmakîtâsow.
ta-sâpôtî-wâpâcikâtîk:
kâhkithaw kîkwây ka-otinikâtîk piko ta-masinahikâtîk ikwa ispihk ta-sâpôtî-wâpâcikâtîki kotak ohci awînak piskîc i-kaskîtât ikwa mîna asici ka-ayât kiskinwahamâtowasinahikan.
ka-isi-wâpâcikâtîk
tâpiskohc ôhi ka-itasinahikâtîk nistam ôta masinahikanisihk itohtamowina, iskonîwi-ispathîwinis ta-âstîwa kotaka wathasiwîwinisa tânihtowa takî-atoskâtîki ispathîwinisihk.
ka-isi-wâpâcikâtîk ôma itwîmakan itwîkân itohcikîwin âhpô ka-isinâhkwâk ispathiwinis piko kîspin nohtî-osihtâw âwinak isko iskopathiwini-masinahikîwina. takî-astîw ôta îta kakî-mâcipathik ispathiwin, îta ka-ispathik, ispathiwini-itohtamowina ikwa tânitowa GHG iskôpathikîwina ikwa wîkatînikwîwina ka-âpatâki.
ispathiwin ka-mâcipathik
ispathiwin ka-mâcipathik anima kici tânispihk ka-mâcihtâcik ôma. ikwa ôma takî-mâcipathin kîspin âwinak kî-itohtam pikocitaw-itohtamôwina mâka piko ispihk takî-mâcipathin kîpsin apacihcikâtîk GHG iskôpathikîwina. mithwâsin ôma ta-mâcihtât âwinak îta kamâcipathik iskonikâtîk ispathiwin ikwa namôtha ôhi kotaka. namôtha piko ispihk takî-mâcihtâw âwinak, kakî-mâcihtâw piko kîspin kîsi-tipahosoci ikwa masinahosocik âwinak.
îta ka-ispathik
iskonîwi-ispathîwina ikwa pikocitaw-itohtamowina âpacihcikâtîwa âtiht îta ka-ispathiki ôhi. iskonîwi-ispathîwina ikwa pikocitaw-itohtamowina takî-âpatana misiwî askîhk, âhpô kîciwâk piko.
ispathiwini-icohcamôwinisa
namôtha kâhkithaw ôhi icohcamôwinisa kakî-osihtâwak iskonikâtîkîwina. iskonikâtîkîwin-pikocitaw-itohtamowin ka-wâpahcikâtîwa ôhi iskonikâtîkiwi-masinahikîwina.
kawathâpâcikâtîki GHGs
mâka mihcît ôhi pîtosi-icohcamowinisa mithwâsina kici ôta askîhk, GHG iskonikâtîwi-ispathiwina nawaci mistahi kanwâpahtamowak anihi ispathiwinisa GHGs pîcipiwi-wathawîyâpahtîk pakitatâmowin ka-ispathikwâw, kâhkithaw ôhi pîtos ôhi GHGs. nohcimihko- ispathiwinis kawathâpâtâkwâw pakitatâmowin, mîna kotaka iskopathi-ispathiwinisa wathâpâtâmok pwîkitowi-pimiy (CH4). iskonîwi-ispathîwina âhpô pikocitaw-itohtamowina kakî-wâpahtamôkîwak awîhi GHG iskôpathikîwina ikwa wîkatînikwîwina ka-osihtâcik iskonikâtî-masinahikîwina.
kamithwâsikwâw anihi pîcipiwin-ithîwîna
pikocitaw kîkwâya ta-âpatâkwâw: kamithwâsikwâw anihi pîcipiwin-ithîwîna
pikocitaw kîkwâya ta-âpatâkwâw: kamithwâsikwâw anihi pîcipiwin-ithîwîna
sôniyâkîwinihk misiwî-askîhk
itotaman ôma iskopathiwin ispathiwinisa kakî-atâwâkân ôhi. Iskopathiwini ispathîwinisa osihtâwak sôniyâwa ohci iskopathiwini masinhikîwina ikwa anihi wîcihtâsômakan otînâsihk. ispathiwinisa nohcimihk, kistikânihk ikwa wîpinikîwinihk kakî-atoskawâwak mîna athisitiniwak. otînâsihk kakî-atoskîwak itiniwak askiy ohci kîkwâya. iskopathwini ispathiwina kakî-wîcihtâsômakan atoskîwinihk.
askîhk
Iskopathiwini ispathîwinisa kakî-sôniyâkân ikwa asici kakî-mîskotinîn askiy ka-isi-wîpâhk. Iskopathi ispathiwinisa kakî-mithosîtân askiy tâpiskohk pisisikiwi-pimâtisiwinihk, asisikîhk, nipîhk ikwa nohcimihk.
misiwî-itî kâ-ayâcik athisitiniwak
askîwi-ispathiwinisa takî-mithosîtâwak mîna pisisiskiwi-pimâtisiwinihk ikwa kistikânihk aniki ka-âpacihtâcik ithiniwak isihcikîwinihk ikwa mîna asici takî-sîtoskamok mâcîwinihk ikwa mâmawi-kistikâniwi-asipicikîwinihk. kotaka mîna ispathiwinisa takî-mitho-wîcihîkamana pimâtisiwinihk misiwî ikwa asici mitho-pimâtisiwinihk. Iskopathiwini ispathiwinisa mîna kakî-wîcihtâsona ta-kiskinwahamâkîcik oski-kîkwâya ikwa kotaka kiskinwahamâkîwina.
pîcipiwin-ithîwîna iskonikâtîwi ispathiwinis
pikocitaw kîkwâya ta-âpatâkwâw: pîcipiwin-ithîwîna iskonikâtîwi ispathiwinis
pikocitaw kîkwâya ta-âpatâkwâw: pîcipiwin-ithîwîna iskonikâtîwi ispathiwinis
kîspin kîstawâw ki-nohtî- iskonikâtîwi-ispathiwinisinâwâw, ikoni piko ta-nawasiwâtamihk pimohtîwina. Kakî-wîcihikok ôma mîna ôki ka-tâpakwîthîtâkosocik otatoskîwak i-nakacîhtâcik pakitatâmowini-atâwîwina ikwa asici ispathiwinisihk katawâ ta-isi-itohtâk âwinak ôhi pîcipiwin-ithîwîna (GHG) iskonikâtîwi ispathiwinis.
1. ka-nawasônîn ka-iskonikâtîk ispathiwin ikwa pikocitaw-itohtamowin
kâhkithaw ôhi iskonikâtîk ispathiwin pîtos, mâka ka-nawasônîn anima ka-iskonikâtîk ispathiwin ikwa pikocitaw-itohtamowin îsi ka-isi-nahiskâkoyan kîthawâw kihci ikwa îta ka-wîkihik.
mithwâsin ta-kiskîthîtaman âwina kawî-atâmisk ka-iskonikâtîki-masinahikîwina. kîspin kitiskonikâtî ispathiwin mithwâsin kici askîhko-pimâtisiwinihk âhpô pisisikîwi-kitâpâcikîwinihk, ta-mithonamwak aniki ka-atâwîcik mostatoskîwi-âsiwi-atâwîwinihk. misi-otatoskîwinkamikwa mîna takî-atâwîwak kîspin kinawasiwâtîn kâhkithaw wathasiwîwina. ka-iskwastîk ikwa ka-isi-nitawîthîcikâtîk ôhi iskonikâtîk-masinahikîwinihk kwayask nawaci takî-mistakîtîw mîna nîtî mostatoskîwinihk.
anima iskonikâtîwi-ispathiwin kanawasônaman piko ta-ayâmakâk pikocitaw-itohtamowin.
kanwâpahta anima pikocitaw-itohtamowin ka-mithwâsik kîthawâw ka-isi-itohtamîk ikwa kîcinâho kâhkithaw kîkwây i-nawasowâtamîk ôhi iskonikâtîwi-ispathiwin ikwa pikocitaw-itohtamowin.
2. ka-isi-wâpahtaman iskonikâtîwi-ispathiwin
mitoni kinwîskm ôma ta-atoskâcikâtîk kispin kinohtî-mâcihipahinâwâw ikwa îtwîkân, mâka kîspin kâhkithaw kinawasowâtîk ôhi pimohtîwina mionti ta-mithwatoskîmakan. âtiht oki iskonikâtîwi-ispathiwin-pimipathîcikiwak ta-nitawithimîwak otatoskîwa ta-pitisahâmithit masinahikan îta ka-masinahikâtîk tânisi i-wî-isi-itohtamîhk ôma i-mwayi-mâcihtâyik.
3. akîtin
âtiht ôhi iskonikâtîwi-ispathiwini-okimâwak nitawîthimîwak otatoskîwa ta-sâpôtî-wâpâcikâtîki kotak ohci awînak piskîc i-kaskîtât ikwa mîna asici ka-ayât kiskinwahamâtowasinahikan ta-kanawâpahtâk mahti tâpwî kimasinahikana. ikwa kotak ka-nihkâniskâk okimâw ta-kihtwâmi-kinwâpahtam wîsta kimasinahikana ikwa ki-pikocitaw-itohtamowina ikwa takî-kaskîtâw ta-mithopathiki anihi GHG iskonikâtîwi-masinahikîwina.
osâm piko kâhkithaw ikosi ôhi piko kanawâpahcikâtîki, mâka, akîtin ta-wîcihimakan ta-mithonâhkwâk kitatoskiwin ikwa kakî-osihtân masinahikîwina ( ikwa mîna kakî-wîcihikoyan sôniyânihk), kîspin oskâyi-otatoskiw ana ka-atoskâtâk ôm îtho iskonikâtîwi-ispathiwin. otatoskîw ana ta-nawasônîw otatoskiwa ikwa asici ta-tipawîw aniki nîkâni-okimâwa. otatoskîwikamikwa kinwîs ka-pî-ayâcik âsay ôta ikwa asic mistahi âsay ka-nakacihtâcik ôm îtho takî-nawasônihcik.
4. masinahosowin ôma ka-atoskâcikâtîk iskonikâtîwi-ispathiwin
kâhkithaw ôhi ispathîwina piko otatoskîw ta-itât ta-mîkit nistohtamowin ohci kitatoskâcikâtîwinihk nîta masinahosowinihk. kâhkithaw pîtos masinahosowinikwa itastîwa mâka âtiht ôhi takî-astiwa:
4A. Itatoskiwin iskwastîk
- tânisi kawî-isi-itohtamanîk, îta kawî-itohtamîk, GHG iskôpathikîwina âhpo wîkatînikwîwin, tânispihk kawî-mâcihtâyîk ikwa kîkwây picitaw-itohtamowin i-wî-âpacihtâyîk.
4B. ka-iskonamâkawiyan ôma GHG iskôpathikîwina
- iskonikâtîki ispathiwinis otatoskîw ta-kiskinôtahât piko iskonamâkîwin (tipîcikîwin âhpô mîthikowin) GHG pîcipiwi-pakitatâmowin âhpô iskôpathikîwina ikwa iskopathîwini-masinahikîwina ka-isihtât anima ispathiwinis.
- mithwâsin ôma îkâ ta-mawanîskâkawiyan piyakwan anihi GHG iskôpathikîwina ikwa îkâ nîswâw ta-âkihcikâtîki.
- âtiht ôhi sôniyâwi-mîthikîwina ka-kakwî-akihtamok kâhkithaw âhpô pâki iskôpathikîwina ka-kaskîtâyik, mithwâsin ta-nistôcikâtîk tânisi wathasowîwin sôniyâwa ka-isi-pakitinâcik ôki okimânâhk kakî-pakamiskâkoniwâw ka-isi-ispathik.
- ta-osihtâyik ôma iskonamâkawin kici GHG iskôpathikîwina ikwa wîkatînikwîwina ikwa anihi ka-isi-iskopathiki -masinahikîwina kinwîsîs takî-ispathin, ikwa ôma mithwâsin ta-kanwâpahcikâtîk wipac i-mwayimâcihtâyik.
- nisto ôhi ikoni itohtamowina:
atoskâcikâtîwin kîspin ta-astîk îta ka-piyako-tipîthîcikâtîk askiy
atoskâcikâtîwini-otatoskîw ana otipîthîcikîw âhpô kîspin ayâw owathasowî-nistohtamowin aniki asici ka-tipîthîtamithik askiy ikwa kapakitinikot iskonamâkawin kici GHG iskôpathikîwina ikwa itohtamowin ikota askîhk.
atoskâcikâtîwin iskonikanihk âhpô kotak âwinak kîspin ka-tipîthîtâk anima askîhk ikota
atoskâcikâtîwini-otatoskîw ana anima ikota iskonikanihk âhpô owathasowî-nistohtamowin aniki asici ka-iskonikana ikwa kapakitinikot iskonamâkawin kici GHG iskôpathikîwina ikwa itohtamowin ikota askîhk.
atoskâcikâtîwin kîspin astîw ithiniwi-askîhk
iskonamâkawin kici GHG iskôpathikîwina âhpô pîcipiwi-pakitatâmowini-wîkatînikwîwina kinawahithîcikâtîwa okimâwînâhk iskô ta-âkâmâkawiyâhk. nistohtamowin piko ta-âstîk piscîci-askîhkwa âhpô okimâwînâhkaskiy ta-nôkôtâcik iskonamâkawin kici GHG iskôpathikîwina âhpô pîcipiwi-pakitatâmowini-wîkatînikwîwina. ôtî BC, isithihkâtîwa ôhi “Atmospheric Benefits Sharing Agreements”.
4C. nîkâni-itohtamowin ikwa ispathiwîwini-itohtamowin
- nîkâni-itohtamowin (isithihkâtîw asici ocitaw ka-ispathik) iyako ka-itastîk ôma icohcamowinisa ikwa GHG pîcipiwi-pimiya ka-ispathiki kiyâm îkâ ka-âpatâk iskonikâtîwini-ispathîwinisa.
- ispathiwîwini-itohtamowin iyako ka-itastîk ôma icohcamowinisa ikwa îthikôk ôhi GHG pîcipiwi-pimiya iskopathiwina âhpô wîkatînikîwina ka-kaskîtâniwiniki iskonikâtîwini-pikocitaw-itohtamowina.
4D. ta-nistawinâcikâtîkwâw anihi tânitî ohci, ta-kosâpîki, ikwa îta ka-mâmawipathik nipiy
îta ka-ohcipathik
ikwa ôma GHG ka-opipathik kîsikohk isi. kakî-ohcipathina ôhi ka-pônikâtîk pimiy âhpô ka-kistikâniwik.
ta-kosâpîkiwin
ikwa ôma mâna ka-wîkatînîmakâk GHGs kîsikohk ohci. ta-kosâpîkiwina ka-kâcitinikâtîki ikwa ka-nâscikâtîki kistikâna, mistikwak ikwa asiskiya.
îta ka-mâmawipathik nipiy
ikwa ôm ôma takî-mâmawastîw, takî-nâscikâtîw ikwa takî-pakitinikâtîw GHGs. îta ka-mâmawipathik nipiy takîastîwa kistikâna, mistikwak ikwa asiskiya.
- ikoni mîna asici pîcipiwi-wathawâpahtî-pakitatâmowina kas-ohcipathiki, ta-kosâpîki, ikwa îta ka-mâmawipathik nipiy îsi ka-itastîk iskonikâtîki-pikocitaw-itohtamowin.
- pikocitaw-itohtamowin itikwî takî-pakitinikâtîw pîcipiwin ka-wîkatînikâtîk ôta ohci GHG akihtâsowinihk kîspin îkâ i-sawanâcihcikîmakâk atoskîwin.
4E. ikwa asici
- ispathiwinisi-otatoskîw ta-kiskinwahamawât tânisi GHG iskôpathikîwina ka-kaskîtâcik ispathiwinihk mwâc takî-ispathik anima kîspin îkâ ispathiwin ikoni ôhi asici.
- ikoni mwâci asici ka-atoskâcikâtîki ispathiwina icohcamowinisa namôtha apacihcikâtîwa mistahi âhpô môtha mîna katâc ta-âpatâki.
- âtiht ôhi iskopathiwinisa piko otatoskîw ka-kiskwahamâkît tânisi ôma ispathiwin mîna asici osâm âtiht kakî-kipîtinikon kîkwâya apacihtâwini.
4F. ka-wîkatînaman mâthipathîwin
- isîcikîwininisa ka-thâki-kâcitinikâtîk ikwa ka-nâscikâtîkwâw pakitatâmowina ohci kistikâna, mistikwak, asiskiya âhpô isi-askiy ka-itastîk, otatoskîw piko kanwâpahtâk mâthipathiwin anima pakitatâmowin kakî-pakitinikâtîw kîsikohk isi piko ici îkâ kîkwây ka-wâpacikâtîk cîskwa.
- mâthipathiwasinahikan piko ta-astîk ta-isi-tipahikâniwik ikwa ta-isi-wâpâcikâtîki îka ta-mâthipathik.
- Ikosni tâpiskohc kîkwâya mâthipathîwina nohcimihko-isicikîwinisa tâpiskohc ka-pasitîk, manicîsak ka-osâmiyaticik âhpô ka-sikwâni-thôtîk.
4G. ocikawin
- ocikawin ôma kâ-isipthik kîspin âtastîw atoskîwin ikw âcî osâm mistahi apacihcikâtîki kîkwâya. osâm ôma opipathin ikwa GHG piskî-itî. mithwâsin anima kîspin ikosi ispathin piski itî awînak ta-nitawi-mâmawipitâk kistikâna.
- ta-isi-kiskîthîtaman kîkwây ta-asawâpâtaman ka-ocikawik.
4H. akihta anihi GHG iskopathikîwina
- mîna asici ta-akihtaman ôhi GHG iskôpathikîwina ikwa wîkatînikwîwina kawî-astîki ispathîwinisihk, ka-isi-wathawâcikâtîki ikwa ka-isi-itohcikâtîki GHG pikocitaw-itohtamowinihk. kakî-wîcihik awa awinak i-nakacihtât ta-isi-akihcikît.
5. kakî-itohtîn
iskonikâtîk ispathiwinis ôma ati-ispathin kîspin kinawasowâtîn iskonikâtîk ispathiwin ikwa pikocitaw-itohtamowin. ikoni ôhi icohcamowinisa ta-iskôpathitâyan ikwa ta-wîkatînaman GHGs, mâka asici ka-mâmawinikâtîki ikwa ta-kitâpâcikâtîkwâw ta-isi-mithipathikwâw ôhi (tipahikîwinihk ikwa akihtâsowinihk) ikwa ta-kanawâpahcikâtîki iskôpathikîwina ikwa wîkatînikwîwina. ikosi ôma ta-itihtât awinak ta-mâmawinâk tipahikîwina ikwa akihtâsowina tânikohk GHG iskôpathikîwina ikwa wîkatînikwîwina kakî-mâmawi-astîki ispathîwinihk ikwa, asic tânikohk masinahikîwina ka-osihcikîmakâki.
6. kanawâpahcikîwin
GHG pakitatâmowini iskôpathikîwina âhpô wîkatînikwîwina ikwa tânithikohk ka-âpatâk itohtamowina kakî-nawasônikâtîki iskopathikîwini-pikocitaw-itohtamowina. ikoni ôhi ispathiwini-icohcôcamowinisa (tânithikohk pimiy, iskotîw-pimiy âhpô asisikiy ka-âpatâk, tânithikohk mistikwa ka-itonikâtîki) ikwa pakitatâmowina mîna akihcikâtîwa tânithikohk GHG ka-wathawîpathikwâw. pakitatâmowina âpatana ka-mîskoci anihi akihtâsowina isi GHG akihtâsowina. mamâtâwi-âpacihcikan mîna âpatan ta-akihcikîmakâk. Ikoni ôhi kah-kihtwâm piko ta-akihcikâtîki.
iskonikâtîki ispathiwinisa ôhi ta-opinâkwâw asikiy nâscikiwin pakitatâmowin kistikânihk, mistikohk, asiskîhk âhpô misiwî askîhk ka-isinâhkwâk ikwa ta-kitâpâcikâtîki ôhi GHG iskopathiwina mîkwâ-ispathiwin ikwa mîna asici kîsipathiki masinahikîwinihk. pikocitaw ta-âstihk ôhi:
- itohtamowina ta-isi-mâmawinaman ikwa ta-isi-kitâpâtaman ki-isicikîwina
- tânisi ka-isi-kanawâpahcikâtîki ôhi îta ka-ohcipathik, ta-kosâpîkiwin ikwa îta ka-mâmawipathik nipiy
7. wîtamâkîwin
wîtamâkîwin pakitinamta-sâpwâpâtîthik ikwa ta-isi-nôhkwâk awinak ka-itohtâk GHG iskonikâtîki ispathiwinis îta iskonikâtîki ispathiwinihk. ta-wîtamât piko awa okimâw ta-isi-kâcininâk awinak iskopathiwi-masinahîwina. wathasiwina astîwa ta-nawasiwâtâk awinak iskopathiwini-ispathiwina pikocitaw-itohtamowina ikwa wathasowîwina.
8. ta-sâpôtî-wâpâcikâtîk
ta-sâpôtî-wâpâcikâtîk mitoni kihci-pimohtîwin ta-isi-kihcinâhot ikwa ta-mithopathik iskopathiwin ispathiwinisa ikwa ta-sohkîthîtaman ikwa ta-isi-mithopimakotîk. otatoskîw ta-pimipathîtâw ispathîwinis iskô kîsipathiki (nânitaw mâna piyak askiy), otatoskîw piko ta-atoskawât awinika i-nakacîtâthit, piskîc ohci atoskîwikamikwa ka-ayâthik kiskinwahamâkîwasinahikan ta-kanawâpahtâk:
- iskonpathiwin ispathiwinisa kî-ascikâtîw ta-nawasowâcikâtîk ikwa astîw pikocitaw-itohtamowin ikwa wathasowiwina iskonpathiwin-ispathiwina.
- tânikohk GHG iskôpathikîwina ikwa wîkatînikwîwina ka-kâcitinikâtîki nahi-tawâmok.
otatoskîw ta-kitâpâtam ikwa kotak ispathiwinisa ta-âsiwi-mîkit onîkâniwi-otatoskîwa. iskopathiwin ispathiwina wathasowiwina itastîwa ta-nawasowâcikâtîki, asici mîna ta-isi-kiskîthîtâk awinak ikwa kihci-masinahikîwini-otatoskîwak âhpô anihi onîkâniwi-otatoskîwa pikocitaw.
9. masinahikîwin-mîkiwin
kîsipathiki ôhi iskopathiwina ispathiwin okimâw mithîthîtâki kâhkithaw wathasowîwina i-kî-nawasowâcikâtîki, ta-itisahâmawiwak ispathiwini-masinahikîwina aniki otatoskîwa. kîspin iskopathiwin-ispathiwina wathasowina, okimâwatoskîw takî-miciminam anihi masinahikîwina. okimâw takî-masinahâm ikwa asici takî-masinahikîw iskonikani ispathiwina anihi îkâ katawâ ka-ispathiki.
10. ta-atâwâkît masinahikîwina
âta kî-atâwâkîwina ôhi iskonikani masinahikîwina takî-nawasowâtam iskwânihk pimohtîwina, kakî-wîcihikon ôma ta-nistohtâk awinak i-mwayi-mâcihtât ôhi ispathiwina ikwa asisi awinak i-wî-atâwît masinahikîwina, tânithikohk, ikwa tânithikohk i-wî-itakîtîki.
osâm iskopathiwini masinahikîwina kakî-mîskotakîtîwa, kakî-pîkiskwâtînâwâw mîna tanithikohk ta-itakîtîki ôhi. Iskopathi masinahikîwina kakî-atawâkân isi otatâwîwak anihi mâna ka-misi-atâwîcik kîkwâya. kakî-atâwâkân mîna asiwi-atâwîwinihk kakî-mistakîtîn mîna ohi kîskpin kitayamihtonâwâw otatâwîw asici.
waweyiscikâtek misi atoskewin ekota kanâta pihcipowi eyewin nakinamâkewin masinahikewipayiwin pakitinikâtehki
ka-mawaci-misteyihtakwâhki: waweyiscikâtek misi atoskewin ekota kanâta pihcipowi eyewin nakinamâkewin masinahikewipayiwin pakitinikâtehki
ka-mawaci-misteyihtakwâhki: waweyiscikâtek misi atoskewin ekota kanâta pihcipowi eyewin nakinamâkewin masinahikewipayiwin pakitinikâtehki
kanâta pihcipowi eyewin nakinamâkewin masinahikewipayiwin pakitinikâtehki (GHG) itocikeyimakan tipahikewinis ka-itôtamihk atoskewina ka-nakipitamihk GHG kaspasikewina ahpô ayiwak ka-otinikâteki GHGs osci kîsikohk. kaskihowin kâ-osihtâhk kihci okimânâhk mestinikewin masinahikewipayiwina kâ-kî-atâwâkehk osihcikeyimakan atoskewina ka-sôniyâhkehk osci itôtamowina ka-nikipitamihk GHG nihcipicikewina. ôma wîcihihtâsomakan kwayask ka-itôtamihk ekwa ka-itisahamihk sôniyâwewina isi eyikoni itôtamowina.
pwâmayask itasiwâtahkik ka-atoskâtahkik atoskewin ekota kanâta GHG masinahikewipayiwin pakitinikâtehki, misi atoskewina poko ka-mâmitoneyihtahkik itahto kîkwaya tâskoc:
- kîspin ka-kaskihohk atoskewin
- itakihteki ekwa kaskihcikewina
- ispihcahk ekwa apacihcikan ka-nitaweyihtamihk
kihcinahohk anima atoskewin ka-kaskihohk ka-masinahikâtek
moy kahkiyaw itôtamowina ka-nicipihtahkik GHGs kâ-kî-nakinamâkewin atoskewin ekota kanâta GHG nakinamâkewin masinahikewipayiwin pakitinikâtehki. atoskewina ekota kihci okimânâhk GHG nakinamâkewin masinahikewipayiwin pakitinikâtehki poko kahkiyaw kîkwaya ka-nakiskahkik ekota Canadian Greenhouse Gas Offset Credit System Regulations (anihi wiyasiwewina) ekwa anima kihci okimânâhk nakinamâkewin nikanascikewin isi anima atoskewin. anihi wiyasiwewin wiyascikâtewa osci askohowewina ekwa nakiskâcikewina kahkiyaw isi atoskewina ekwa anihi nîkânascikewina mîna nakiskacewina osci kihcinâk isihcihkewina. nîso anihi nakiskâciwina ekwa anima masinahamihk nikânascikewin kâ-kî-nîsostahk ikospihk wâweyiscâteki ekwa wiyastahki peyak nakinamâkewin atoskewin. oski nîkanascikewina osihcikâtewa tâpitaw ayiwak ka-osihtâhk atoskewina osci GHG nakinamakewin atoskewina. ka-nistohtamihk kîspin atoskewin nakâskâcikeyimikan ka-kaskihtâhk ka-masinahamihk ekota kihci okimânâhk GHG nakinamâkewin pakitinikâtehki poko nîkân nistam itôtamowin osci atoskewin wawewinihk.
kinwâpahtamihk itakihtewina ekwa kaskihcikewina
itakihtewina ekwa kaskihcikewina ka-kî-mâmitoneyihtamihk misikâme itôtamihki anima atoskewin. astewa ka-tipahamihk kîkwaya isi kahkiyaw anima GHG nakinamâkewin atoskewin eta pokok ka-kinwâpahtamihk isi anima tipahikewin kaskihowin. ohi itâkihtewina pâ-pîtos pihtaw osci ispihcâki, ayimâhki, ekwa kîko atoskewin. mihceyit anihi itâkihtewina tâpitaw ispayinwa misâkame itôtamihk atoskewin ekwa apihtikwe mîna nîkânihk pwâmayask tipahamâtowinihk osci ka-atâwâkehk anihi masinahikewipayiwina. kâ-maci mistakihteki isi tipahikanihk ekwa âpacihcikanihk anihi:
- atoskewin osihtâwin-waweyin, wayisiwek wîtahpisomitowina, kinwâpahtamihk kîspin ka-tipamâmihk, mawacihtahk apacihcikana ekwa masinahikewina, ekwa e-waweyastâhk masinahikana
- atoskahihcik nakacihtâwak-kahtinamihk wîcihikowisowin osci nâkacihtâwak ka-wîcihihtâsocik isi anima atoskewin
- atoskewin tipahamihk-mâwacihtahk nitaweyitamihk sôniyâw
- atoskewin itôtamowina-itôtamihk itôtamowina ka-nikipicikâtek GHG nihcipicikewina
- tâmayikohk-tipâpâtamihk, mawacihtâhk misinahikewina, ekwa tâmayikohk GHG nihcipicikana.
- wihtamâkewin-waweyastahk tâhtwa atoskewin masinahikana
- tâpwihcikewin-atoskâhiht kotak nisto awiyak tâpwihcikewin atoskewin ka-itohtecik atoskewinihk ekwa ka-tâpwihtahkik atoskewin masinahikewina pwâmayask itisahikâteki ohpime.
- tipahikewina itâkihtewina-kiskinwahamâke kimasinahikewipayiwina, miskâwâcik otatâwewak, ekwa mâmiskotamihk atâwewin tâpwihtamowina
mîna ayiwâk, osci anihi atoskewina kâ-asteki tâpwihtamowina isi kotakwak, anima atoskewin itôtamowin ka-ki-mâmitoneyihtamihk tâmayikohk itakihtek pihtâw osci wîci-atoskewina kotakwak.
tâmiyakwa atoskewin, masinahikewipayiwina ka-ki-osihcikâtewa wepac, ahpô mîna kinwesîs pwâmayask GHG nihcipayinwa pihtaw osci nakinamâkewin masinahikewipayiwin âpacihcikâteki. ka-waweyastahk atoskewin, mâmitoneyihta tânisi anihi nistam itakihtewina ka-tipahamihk pwâmayask e-mâci sôniyâhkehk. kîspin tipahikewin nitaweyihcikâtew osci sôniyâwikamikwa ahpô sôniyâw awihiwewak, piko kamâmitoneyihtamihk itakihtewina osci sôniyâw ka-tipahamihk masinahikewina ahpô kawî ka-tipahamowihcik sôniyâw awihiwewak.
kotakwa kîkwaya osci wayawehewin kâtâwin atoskewina
kotakwa astewa m̂amitoneyihcikewina osci atoskewina ka-itôtamihk wayawehewin kâtâwin. apihtikwe astewa tipahikewina osci meskotinamâkewin isi GHG nakinamâkewin atoskewin ekwa kotakwa apihtikwe askiy apacihcikâtewina tâskoc wikamik, wâtihkewin ahpô misi kiskâtahikewin. mâka, GHG nakinamakewin atoskewina apihtikwe ka-pakitinikâtewa osci mâcewin ekwa kotakwa sihcikewina ahpô kayâsi apacihcikewina.
osci sâkâw atoskewina, misi sihcikewina itakihtewina anihi ka-kinwâpahtamihk sâkâw wayawehewin kinwâpahcikewin, kinwâpahtamihk tânisi sâkâw wayawehewina ayiwâk ka-ispayik kinwes kîspin osci ahpô namoya anima atoskewin, ekwa ahkâmi kinwâpahtamihk sâkâw ohpikiwin. ôhi itôtamowina apihtikwe nitaweyimâw awiyak ka-kiskeyihtahk sâkâw kiskeyihtamowin.
osci wayawehewin kâtâwin atoskewina nitaweyihcikâtew ka-kinwâpahtamihk astasihowina osci anihi wayawehewin kâtâwin osci anihi masinahikewipayiwin ka-osihcikâteki ka-pakitinikâteki kâwî kîsikohk (e-kiskeyihtamihk isi wayinipitamihk). ôma poko ka-osihtâhk wayinipitamihk pimipayihcikewin waweyin.
kinwes kinwâpahcikewin osci apihtikwe wayinipicikewina nitaweyicikâtew ekwa poko ka-âhkami ispayiki kinwes eta ka-astek anihi wiyasiwewina. ekota kihci okimânâhk GHG nakinamâkewin pakitinikâtehki, kinwâpahcikewina poko ka-ahkami itôtamihk 100 askiya kisipayiki anihi masinahikewipayiwin.
masinahikewipayiwina poko ka-atâwâkehk isi otatâwew ka-osihtâhk sôniyâhkewin osci anihi masinahikewipayiwina. kayawâiht otatâwew ekîmâmiskômiht âsay kâkîwîcihikon kayahkemohk kehcinâhowin ohci atoskewin tipahikewin kaskihowina. itakihtewin emâmiskôtahkik otatâwâkew ekwa otatâwew ekwa namoya ewiyastât mestinikewin paminiwewin. wayawehewin kâkiskinohamâke keyâpic itakona, ekwa aniki kehcinâ otatâwewak kânatotamâcik tipahikâkewina kâkî meskocipayin ôte nîkânihk.
kehcinâ otatâwewak ekonik atâwew’kamikwa, okimânâhk ahpô peyak awiyak poko kahâpacihtâcik mestinikewin tipahikâkewina osâm ohci kahitascikehk (itascikew pimpayiwewin), ahpô ekosi kânohtehitôtahkik (wiyawâw iteyicikewiniwâw). kâ yahkohtemakahki kanohtehitôtahkik ohci GHG askiy pimiya ekwa ka-yahkohtemakaki askiy pimiya kâkî ispayin kayahkohtemaka itakihtamowina ohci GHG mestinikewin tipahikâkewina nîkânihk, mâka ispihteyihtakwan kwayask kamoscitâpeyihtamihk kâwi mâcipitamihk atoskewin.
pahpîtos isi ayâwa kahatâwâkehk tipahikâkewina, kîspin sôskwâc tipahikâkewin kâhâpacihtât ahpô ocacâwâkes, meskotonikew, ahpô otatâwâkew. ôhi nahawinikewina ayâmakan pâpîtos isi kocîwin, itakihtewina meskitonikewina, kehcinâhok itakihtewin, ekwa kehcinâhowin nîkânihk.
okimânâk GHG mestinikewin paminikewin pakitinamwak mihcetis nasasônikewina peyakwan epimitisahâhkik ahpô etikwe kayahkemow sôniyâhkewin ohci atoskewina ekwa kakî- ayâmakahki amota atoskewin waweyina.
mâmawi kâ astahk
kanâta GHG nakinamakewin masinahikewipayiwin pakitinikâtehki atoskewina kâpimitisahâki (peyakwan ke-sihcikecik) kamâmawi astâhk kîspin peyakwan ehisihcikehk. ekota ohci kamiyopayin iskonikewin ekwa ayiwâk miyopayicikewin anita atoskewin kanawasinahikewin, âpacihcikewina, kanawâpâcikewin, âcimowina, ekwa kehcinâhowin, ekosi kâ yahkemow kahkiyaw ohci sôniyahkewin kakanawâpahtamihk iyikohk peyako atoskewin kahpaminamihk.
kamâmawihâpacihtâhk ŝoniyâw ita ka ohcipayit
âskaw sôniyâkewin ohci mestinikewin atoskewin namoya nahihkohk ka osihtâhk atoskewin kwayask kapimpayit. atoskewina kâhastehki anita okimânâk mestinikewin paminikewin kawîcihikow kotakak sôniyâkewin âhkameyihtamowina, mâka piko ana kâpaminahk kâkî-kâtinam tipahikâkewina ekote ohci GHG nihcipicikewina ehosihtâcik ohci iatoskewin ekwa kâtipahikestamihk atoskewin kâwiyastâcik namoya nakinamihk kawîcihiwecik mestinikewin paminikewin. ayiwâk tawipayin nawasonikewin ohci atoskewin tipahikestamâkewin epakitinamihk ka kâtinâcik sôniyâw ohci mekiwina ahpô oyisehcikewin atoskewina, asci kakakâtinâcik sôniyâw kanitâtamocik ahpô nâhâcik. tân’si poko. mihcet kâmeki sôniyâw atoskewinihk kiyikawepayin itakihtewina, ekwa apsis sôniyahkewin ohcipayin ohci GHG nihcipicikewina ekaskihtamâsohk ohci atoskewin. ispihteyihtakwan kehcinâ tipahikâkewin nihcipicikewina namoya nîswâ ka ahkihtamihk.
miyo âpacihtâ ayiwak kotaka ahkameyihtamowina
ahpô etikwe kahkîkispinaten tipahikewin kîkwây kotaka ohci GHG mestinikewin atoskewin kotak kîkway namoya piko GHG astampitamowina. wîcîtowina tâpiskoc pimâtisiwin kâpahpîtosipayik ahpô tascikewin kwayask katôtamihk, ahpô kwayask nipiy ka-ayiwâkak kôsihtâk tipahikâkewina ohci kotaka atoskewin. nitaweyihtâkwna ohci kotaka tipahikâkewin atoskewina ekwa oskim̂nâhk GHG mestinikewin paminikewina piko katôtamihk. mâwacihcikewin ekwa itâtisiwin kanawâpacikan atoskewina kâ-wîcetômâkana ohci âtiht mestinikewin atoskewin towihkâna. ita kâtawipayik, osihtâ kitatoskewin ita mihcet kîkway kakocitôtamihk.
askiy-itowa atoskewina ita iyiniw-nîkânîwin ahpô ka-kikipayiki iyiniw mâmawinitowina
kanisitawinamihk kesiwâhkohtahkik iyiniwak askiy ekwa kesi kiskeyihtahkik ohci kayâw ekwa mekwâc kesi meskocipayik askiy, okimânâk nihcipicikewina kâ-apacihtâcik kâkî-astewa tân’si ketôtamihk kâ-wîcihiwecik iyiniw mâmawinitowina anita ka kiscâyâhk kanawâpacikanihk ekwa kweski isi astâsowin mâwacihcikewin waweyin. ôhi tipahapâhtamowina kahkîhâhcônikahtew mekiwin ohci tipahikâkewina anita isi tipahikewin nanâtohk isi ohci kehcinâ kakweskipitamihk, ehisiyihkâtehk Environmental Integrity Account.
maskawastâwin
mekwâc namoya enitaweyicikâtehk anita okimânâhk GHG mestinikewin paminikewin, maskawastâwin ohci atoskewin awiyak ekosi ehitatosket ayiwâk kehcinâ atoskewin kakaskihow kamasinawsot ekwa kakaskihow kanihtâwihtât ohci mestinikewin tipahikâkewina.
kakehcinâhohk ekwayekohk kîkway katepipayik ekwa atoskewinaa
ka-osihcikâtehk GHG mestinikewin atoskewin kikipayin mistahi ehiteyihtakwak kinwes kâtoskâtamihk, sohki atoskâtamowin, ekwa masinahikana. ka-osihtâk kaskihcikewin ekwa mâwacihtâhk masinahikana mistahi ewako atoskewinihk kamâcipitamihk kakaskihohk atoskewin. nitôska kâhitakohk kiskeyihtamowin ekwa kiskinohamâkosi ohci kâhayâkik atoskewinaa kesikaskihoyan. kanâta pihcipowi eyewin nakinamâkewin masinahikewipayiwin pakitinikâtehki kahkiyaw awiyak kanawasinahikewin mekiw kehcinâ kiskeyihtamowin ohci ka-ayâmakahki atoskewina.
kîspin nîsohkamâkewin nitaweyicikâtehki kôsihtâk, sôniyâkewin ahpô kâwîmâcipitamihk atoskewin, nitôskaw kawîtatoskemiskik keyakwan kamâtinamâkecik kikaskihowina ekwa enohtehitôtahkik kakehcinâhocik kahkiyaw kâwîtatoskemât ehayâyit kiskeyihtamowin kânitaweyihtamihk kwayask kahitasiwehk.
kâkîseyihtam ewîwîtatoskemat mestinikewin atoskewiyiniw ahpô kotak atoskewin ewîtâpisômat, kwayask nisitohtamohiwewin ekwa kanisitohtamihk pahpiskihc ohci ititapiwina ekwa nâkateyimowewina poko ka âpacihtahk. mestinikewin atoskewin kinwes âhkameyihtamowin ekwa ehispihteyihtakwak ekiskeyihtahkik kâwîtatoskemitocik kiskeyihtamwak kîkwây ehasotahkik ewîmekicik ekwa awîna kapakamiskâkot ekâ miyopayiki anita atoskewinihk.
kakwehcihkemowina kakakwecimacik kehcinâ kâwîhwîtatoskemacik:
- kîkwây kâwîtâpisômat ekîhitôtahk omisi isi atoskewina.
- tân’siyisi wîcîtowin ekswa astâsowina ohci atoskewin kesimâtinamâkehk?
- tân’si mâka kespayin kîspin atoskewin ayiwâk itakohki atoskewin ahpî cikawâsis tipahikâkewina kâ-iteyihtaman.
- otatoskew cî nawasônew otatâwesak ohci tipahikâkewina, tân’imayikohk kehcinâ ohci kâhatâwâkehk tânehkohk ekwa itakihtewin?
- tân’spî ohci kespayiki anihi tâpwetamowina, ekwa cî kahkînakinikâtewa?
âpacihtâ ayâhkweyihtamowin ekwa, kîspin ispayiki, pîkiskwâs kotakak ekîwîtatoskemât ana kâwîtatoskemat. nitona kwayask itastâwin pâmayes kesihcikâtaman tâpwetamowina. wîtatoskemitowin kakî-ahkami kiskeyihtamowin mâtinamâkewin ekwa wîtatoskemitowin
ohtisiwin/akihtâmakewin | itakimawin metoni kehcinâhowin | kocîwin | |
---|---|---|---|
kihciwê ka âpachîtacik | ispaw | capahcâsin | ispaw |
soniyawîniwak / atawakewînew | âpihtaw ithikohk | capahcâsin | capahcâsin |
yahkow masinahikan | âpihtaw ithikohk | ispaw | âpihtaw ithikohk |
Swampy Cree
ᑲᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ
- ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐊᑕᐁᐧᐃᓇ 101
- ᑲᕆᐣ ᑲᐢ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ
- ᑲᐅᒋᒥᓄᐸᓂᑭ ᐃᑲᐡᑲᒧᒋᑲᑎ ᐊᐢᑭ ᑲᐢ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ
- ᐁᔭᐸᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᑲᐡᑲᒧᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ
- ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᑕ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᑭᒋ ᓂᑭᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ
ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐊᑕᐁᐧᐃᓇ 101
ᑲᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ: ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐊᑕᐁᐧᐃᓇ 101
ᑲᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ: ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐊᑕᐁᐧᐃᓇ 101
ᑫᐧᑲᓇ ᐅᐅ ᐃᑲᐡᑲ ᒧᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ ᑲᓯᐢ?
ᐃᑲᐢᑲ ᒧᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ ᑲᓯᐢ (ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ) ᑲᐃᑕᑭᐠ, ᐁᑯᐅ ᐊᐢᑭ ᐱᒥᔭ, ᐁᐸᑭᒋᐸᓄᐅᒪᑲᑭ, ᐅᔓᐅᒪᑲᓇᐊᐢᑭᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ, ᐅᑕᒋᑫᐸᓄ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑕᑯᓂᑫᐸᓄ ᐱᓯᑦ ᑲᐅᒋᑭᐡᔑᑌᐠ ᐅᒪᐁᐃᑭ ᐃᑲᐡᑲ ᒧᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ ᐁᐃᑭᐠ ᐃᐡᔑᓂᑲᑕᐧᒪᐠ ᐃᑎᓇᑭᐸᓂᑭ ᐅᐅ ᑲᓯᐢ ᐅᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐊᑎ ᐃᐡᐱᐱᑕᒧᒪᑲᐣ ᑲᐃᐡᐱᒋᑭᔑᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᒋᐸᓄ ᒥᐢᓯᐧᐁᐢᑲᒥᐠ ᑲᑎᔑᑭᔑᑲᐠ.
ᒪᐧᐊᐨ ᑲᒋᐢᑫᓂᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᐊᔑᒋᒪᑲᓇ:
- ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑕᔭᐠᓴᔾᐟ (ᓯᐅ2) ᐁᑲᑲᓄᐧᑲᐠ ᐁᑲᑲᒥᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᐱᒥ
- ᓴᓪᐱᑊᕐ ᐱᐠᓴᐱᑊᐅᕈᐟ (ᐁᐢᐊᑊ6) ᐁᑲᑲᓄᐧᑲᐠ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᐱᒥ
- ᒣᐟᑌᐣ (ᓯᐁᐨ4) ᐁᑲᑲᓄᐧᑲᐠ ᑫᑭᐸᑭᑌᐠ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᐱᒥ
- ᐊᑎᕐᕈᐱᓪᕐ ᑲᕐᐱᐣᐢ (ᐁᐨᐁᑊᓯᐢ) ᑲᐅᐅᔑᑕᓇᐧᐊᑭ ᑲᑭᐸᓂᑫᒪᑲᐠ ᐊᐧᑲᒋᒋᑲᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ
- ᓇᐟᑐᕐᕈ ᐅᐠᓴᐟ (ᐁᐣ2ᐅ) ᐁᑲᑲᓄᐧᑲᐠ ᐁᓂᐯᐃᐠ ᐊᐧᐁᓇ ᑲᐃᑕᐸᑕᐠ ᐧᐃᓴᑲᐯᓀᐧᐃᐣ ᓇᔕᐃᑲᐣ
- ᐱᕐᐱᑊᐅᕈᑲᕐᐱᐣᐢ (ᐱᐁᑊᓯᐢ) ᑲᑭᐅᐡᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᑭ ᐧᐃᐢᐧᑫᐸᒋᑲᓂᐠ ᒋᐃᑕᐸᑕᐠ ᒣᓇᑭᔕᐳᐸᓂᐤ ᓂᐱ
ᐊᑎᐟ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᐊᔭᐧᐊᐠ ᐅᑕᒣᐡᑫᑲᓀᓄ ᐅᓴᑦ ᐊᐣᑕ ᑲᑎᔑᑭᔑᑲᐠ ᐃᐡᐱᐨ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᑕᑕᐱᐧᑕᐤ ᐁᐧᐃᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᑭ, ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᑲᑭᐃᔑᐧᐁᐱᓂᑲᑌᐧᐊ ᐁᔭᐸᑕᐠ ᐯᔭᐠ ᐁᐅᒋᑭᐢᑫᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑕᔭᐠᓴᔾᐟ ᐯᔭᐧᑲᐣ ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ (ᓯᐅ2ᐃ) ᑫᑭᐃᔑᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᒥᓯᐧᐁᐢᑲᒥᐠ ᑫᐊᑎᔑᑭᐡᔑᑌᐠ (ᒋᑕᐱᓕᔪᐱ) ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁᔭᒋᐸᓂᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓯᐅ2ᐃ ᐃᔑ, ᐯᐱᑐᐢ ᑲᑭᒪᒪᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᐧᐊ ᒋᑭᐢᑫᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᒪᒧ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᐸᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᐅᓇᐧᐃᐸᓂᑭ ᑲᐧᐃᓇᔑᓂᑲᑌᑭ.
ᒥᓯᐧᐁᐢᑲᒥᐠ ᑲᑎᑭᔕᐧᐊᐠ ᑫᑭᒋᓇᐅᓇᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᑭᑭ (ᒋᑕᐱᓕᔪᐱ):
ᒣᐟᑌᐣ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᑕᐱᓕᔪᐱ ᓂᔑᑕᓇᓂᔭᐧᓄ ᒥᐢᑕᐃ ᑲᐁᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑕᔭᐠᓴᔾᐟ, ᐅᒪ ᐃᐧᑌᒪᑲᐣ ᐯᔦᐠ ᑕᐣ ᒣᐟᑌᐣ ᐁᐃᐢᐱᒋᒪᐡᑯᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᐅᑕᒥᐡᑲᑫᒪᐧᑲᐠ ᑕᐱᐡᑯᐨ ᑲᐃᐡᐱᒋᒪᐡᑯᐧᐊᐠ ᓂᔑᑕᓇᓂᔭᓇᐣ ᑕᐣᐢ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑕᔭᐠᓴᔾᐟ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᐯᔦᐠ ᑕᐣ ᒣᐟᑌᐣ ᑲᑭᐅᒍᔑᑕᓄᐧᐊᐣ 25 ᑕᐣ ᓯᐅ2ᐃ.
ᑫᐧᑲᓇ ᐅᐅ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ, ᑲᓇᔑᐸᓂᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᑭ?
ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᐃᑭᐣ ᐃᐢᐱ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᐁᐸᑭᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᐅᓇᐧᐃᑎᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐁᓄᒋᒋᑫᑭᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ, ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ ᐊᐃᐢᐧᑲᓯᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᑕᒥᐠ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᑲᐅᒋᐸᓂᑭ ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ ᑲᓴᓕᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑎᔭᓪ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᐊᑎᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ, ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ ᑲᑎᑲᐨ ᑲᑎᑎᑭ ᑫᐧᑲᓇ. ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᑲᑭᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᐧᐊ ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁᑐᒋᑭᑌᑭ ᑫᐧᑲᓇ ᑫᑭᐅᒋᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᓯᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᒋᐅᓇᐧᐃᐸᓂᑭ ᑐᒋᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᓇᐧᐊᐢᓯᒋᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᑲᑭᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᐧᐊ ᐅᓇᐧᐃᑎᑦ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ ᐁᔭᐸᑕᐠ ᑭᐢᒋᑭᐧᐁᒪᐧᑲᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᒋᐅᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᑲᒋᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑲᓇᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᑭ. ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ, ᒪᐡᑯᔑᔭ ᐅᑎᓂᑫᒪᐧᑲᐧᓇ ᓯᐅ2 ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ ᐁᓂᑕᐧᐊᑭᑭ. ᑲᐸᓂᑭ ᓇᐧᐊᐢᓯᒋᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᔑᐨ ᑲᑭᑲᒋᑎᓇᐧᒪᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᐊᒋᓇᑯᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᐣᑎᑯᓄᓇ ᒋᔭᐸᑕᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᐱᑐᐡᔑᓇᑯᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᑭᒋ ᑲᓇᐧᐁᓂᑕᑭ.
ᑫᐧᑲ ᐅᐅ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ?
ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᐣ ᐃᐡᔑᓂᑲᐧᑌ ᑲᐧᔕᐱᑫᒋᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑕᐧᐁᒋᐠ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ (ᑲᑭᒥᐡᑯᑐᓂᐣ) ᐅᐅ ᑲᑭᐡᔑᓂᑲᑌᐣ) ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᐸᓂᑭ, ᑲᓇᔑᐸᓂᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐅᑎᓂᑫᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᒥᐡᑯᑐᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᐯᐯᔭᐠ ᐅᐅ ᐅᑕ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲᐃᔑᐊᑕᐧᐊᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᑭᓇᑭᐡᑲᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑫ ᐃᐢᑯᐅᑎᓇᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐧᐃᔑᐅᑎᓇᒪᓱᐟ.
ᓂᔕᔦᑭᓇᐧᑲᓇ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᐧᓇ - ᔐᑫᐣ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃ ᑫᓄᐢᔓᑭᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᓂᒪᑐᐧᐃ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᐣ ᐃᑭᐣ ᑫᑯ ᑲᒥᐡᑯᑐᓇᒪᑐᓇᓂᐧᐊᑭ ᔪᓂᐟᐢ ᒋᓇᑭᐢᑲᑭᐠ ᔐᑫᐣ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐅᓇᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃ ᑲᐊᓇᐧᐃᐊᐸᑕᑭ ᑎᐱᓀᑫᐧᐃᓇ.
ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᔐᑫᐣ ᑲᐅᐧᑌᒋᐠ ᒋᐊᒐᐧᐃᓇᑭᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᐸᓂᐧᑕᑭᐠ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᐃᒋᐠ ᑲᑭᔭᐸᒋᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᐅᐅ ᔪᓂᐟᐢ ᑲᑭᐅᑎᓇᑭᐠ ᔐᑫᐣ ᑲᑭᐅᑎᓂᑫᒋᐠ ᒋᐧᐃᒋᐧᑕᒋᐠ ᒋᓇᑭᐡᑲᑭᐠ ᑲᑭᔑᐃᐧᑌᒋᐠ ᒋᔑᓇᑭᐡᑲᑭᐠ. ᑕᐱᐡᑯᐨ, ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᔑᑫᐣ ᐃᐧᑌᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᑲᔭᒋᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᓀᐟᐨᓯᕈ ᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐯᔦᐠ ᐁᐱᐳᓂᓂᐠ. ᐅᒪᐃᐧᑌᒪᑲᐣ ᐅᒪ ᒋᓇᔑᐊᑭᐠ ᐁᐊᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᓂᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᒥᔕᐊᑭᐠ ᑲᐃᔭᒋᐠ ᑭᔭᐱᐨ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᓂᑭ ᐁᔭᐸᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᑕᐱᑕᐤ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᓂᑭ. ᒥᓇ ᑕᐱᐡᑯᐨ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᒧᑌᔭᓂᑕᑭᐠ ᒋᑕᐱᑐᐧᐃᓇᑭᐠ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᓂᑭ ᐁᐸᑦᐸᓂᒋ ᐅᒋ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᐧᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᐃᐧᐃᓇ.
ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑎᐱᓂᑭᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᓂᑭ ᑲᑭᐧᐊᓇᐢᑕᓂᒋ ᑭᒋᐅᑭᒪᐧᐊ ᐧᐊᓇᐢᔓᐧᐁ ᐧᐃᓇ ᐅᒋ ᑲᑭᔦᐸᒋᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᔪᓂᐟᐢ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃ ᑫᓄᐢᔓᑭᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᑯᐅᒋ ᒋᑲᐢᑭᑕᒋᐠ ᐁᑎᐱᓇᑭᐠ. ᐁᑲᑲᐧᐊᓂᐡᔓᐧᐊᑎᑭᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᐸᑭᑎᓇᑲᓄᐧᐊᓇᐠ ᒋᔓᐱᑭᒋᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᔭᐸᒋᑕᑭᐠ ᔪᓂᐟᐢ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃ ᑫᓄᐢᔓᑭᑲᑌᐠ ᐅᒋ ᒋᑭᑐᑕᑭᐠ ᐧᐃᓄᐧᐊᐤ ᑲᑭᔑ ᔐᑫᐣ ᑲᑭᑕᐢᑕᒋᐠ ᒋᓇᔑᐊᑭᐠ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᓂᑭ.
ᑫᐧᑲᐣᓇ ᐅᒪ ᐊᓭᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᐣ?
ᐅᒪ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᑊᓭᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᐣ (ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᔑᐨ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐤ) ᑲᑭᒥᐢᑯᑐᓂᑲᑌᐤ ᐱᔦᐠ ᑕᐣ ᐅᐅ ᑲᑭᐊᒍᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᑲᑭᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ. ᐊᑊᓭᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᒥᓇᑲᓄᐧᐊᐧᓇᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᓄ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᔐᑫᐣ ᑲᓇᔑᐊᑭᐠ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᓂᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓇᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁᓇᑭᐡᑲᑭᐠ ᑲᐃᑌᓂᑕ ᑯᓯᒋᐠ ᐊᐣᑕ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᑊᓭᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ. ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᐊᑕᐧᐊᐣ ᐊᐣᑕ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᔭᐸᒋᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᑯᑕᑭᔭᐠ ᐅᓇᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃ ᒋᓄᔓᐢᑭᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑐᑕᑭᐠ ᔐᑫᐣ ᑲᐅᓄᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᐁᓇᔓᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᑭᐃᑕᐢᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ.
ᑫᐧᑲᐣ ᐅᓇ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ?
ᐅᒪ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ (ᑲᑭᒋᑲᑌᐤ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ) ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᐁᑭᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᑕᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᐅᒋ. ᒋᑭᐅᔑᑕᐸᓂᑭ ᐅᐅ ᑲᓇᑭᐡᑲᑭᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᑕᔓᐧᐊᒋᑫᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᐟ. ᐁᑯᒪᐧᑲᐅᑯ, ᐃᓂᓂᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ - ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣᓂᓂᐤ ᑲᑲᓄᐧᐊᐸᑕᑭᐠ - ᑲᒪᓯᓇᐊᐧᒪᐠ ᐅᑕᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓄᐧᐊᐤ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃ ᐅᐸᓂᐧᑕᓱ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᓄᓱᐢᐧᑲᐧᒪᐠ, ᑫᑭᐧᑌᐟ ᐊᓇ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᐟ, ᒥᓯᐧᐁᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᐟ ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᓇᑲᒋᐧᐁᐤ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᑲᓄᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᒥᓂᒋ ᒋᓄᓱᐢᑲᒥᓂᒋ ᑲᑭᑕᐢᑕᒋᐠ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ ᐧᐳᒪᔑ ᒥᓇᒋᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ.
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᓄᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᔐᑫᐣ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᓂᓄ ᐸᐣᓂᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᐁᑲ ᑲᔭᔑᒋᐨ ᑭᒋᐅᑭᒪᐤ, ᑲᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᐟ ᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᒥᓂᓇᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᒋᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᒥᓂᒋ ᑲᑭᓄᐢᔓᐢᐧᑲᑭᐠ ᑲᑭᑕᐢᑕᒋᐠ.
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᓄᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᒋᓄᔓᐢᑲᑭᐠ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃ ᑫᓄᐢᔓᑭᑲᑌᐠ ᐅᒋᐸᓄ ᑭᒋᐅᑭᒪᐧᐃ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᑭᐠ, ᑲᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᒋᐠ ᑫᓄᐢᔓᐡᑲᑌᓂᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑫᐅᒋᐸᓂᓂᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒥᓄᐧᐁᐧᐊᐠ ᑫᔭᐸᑕᓂᓂᑭ ᓇᔕᐃᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑫᐅᑎᓂᑫᑌᓂᑭ.
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐃᔑ ᐊᐸᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᔓᑫᐣ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᐣ ᐸᑭᑊᓱᒉᓇᐧᒪᐠ ᒣᒉᐟ ᐁᐊᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᓂᓂᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᐃᑌᑫ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᒥᓄᐧᐁᐧᐊᐠ ᒥᐢᑕᐃ ᑫᑭᔭᐃᑐᑕᒥᓂᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᑭᐠ, ᒣᐧᑲᐨ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᓄᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᐧᐊᓇᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃ ᑲᓄᔓᐢᑭᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᔭᓂᒪᑭ.
ᑫᐧᑲᐣ ᐅᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ?
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᔓᑫᐣ ᑐᒋᑲᑌᐧᐊ ᑫᐧᑲᐣᓇ ᑲᓄᒋᑕᓇᐧᐊᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᔑᐊᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑭᐅᑎᓇᑭᐠ ᐸᔑᐨ ᑫᐃᑭᑭᐸᐣ ᐃᑲ ᐅᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ (ᑲᐅᒋᑭᒋᐸᓂᐠ). ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᑭᐠ ᑲᒪᓯᓇᐊᐧᒪᐠ ᐅᑕᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓄᐧᐊᐤ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᓂᒋ, ᐊᑯ ᒋᑭᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᐅᑕᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ, ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᒪᓯᐊᐧᒪᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐧᐃᒋᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑲᑭᑕᐧᒪᐠ ᑲᑭᓇᔕᐊᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᐅᑎᓇᑭᐠ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᐠ ᐯᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ ᑕᔓᐧᐊᒋᑲᓇ. ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᑯᓯᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᓂᑭ ᑲᑭᓇᔕᐊᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᐅᓇᐧᐃᑕᑕᒋᐠ ᐁᔭᐸᒋᐊᒋᐠ ᐁᑲᐡᑯᐅᓂᒋᐠ, ᐁᑲᑲᑎᐯᓂᒪᒋᐠ ᐅᓇᐧᐃᑎᑦ ᑲᐅᒋᓂᒋ.
ᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑎᓇᒪᑲᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᑲᑭ:
ᑲᒥᐧᓄᔑᐠ ᐁᓇᑲᒋᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᒥᑎᐢᐧᑲᐠ ᒋᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐱᒋ ᒥᐢᑎᑯᐠ/ᐊᔑᐡᑭᐠ
ᐁᑲ ᒋᐅᓇᐧᐃᒪᑲᐠ ᒣᐟᑌᐣ ᑲᐢ ᐁᐱᓂᑲᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ
ᒋᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭᐸᐣ ᒋᓇᑲᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᒥᐢᑎᑯᐢᐧᑲᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒪᐡᑯᔑᔭ ᑲᐃᔑᐅᐡᔑᒋᑲᓄᐧᐊᐠ (ᐁᑲ ᒋᐅᓄᐧᐃᒪᑲᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐊᐣᑕᑲᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ)
ᒋᒥᐢᑯᑐᐁᐱᓂᑲᐟᑌᑭ ᑎᑯᓄᓇ ᐊᐧᑲᒋᒋᑲᓂᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᔭᐸᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᐁᑲ ᒋᒪᓂᐸᓂᐧᑕᒪᑲᑭ
ᑲᐅᔑᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᐊᐢᑭ ᐧᐁᐱᓂᑲᓂ ᐃᐢᐱᐨ ᐧᐃᓇ ᒋᔑᒋᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᐧᐁᐱᓂᑲᓂᐠ
ᒋᒋᒪᓀᒋᐠ ᒥᐢᑎᐧᑲᐠ ᒋᓂᑕᐧᐊᑭᒋᐠ
ᒋᑲᒋᑎᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᒣᐟᑌᐣ ᑲᐢ ᑲᐅᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᒥᐢᑐᐢ ᐅᒣᔦᐠ
ᐁᔭᑎᒥᐡᔕᐠᑭ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲᔭᐢᑕᒋᑯᑭᐠ ᓂᑕᐧᐃᑭᒋᑲᐣᓂ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᐁᐅᑎᓇᑭᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑫᐅᒋᐊᑎ ᐅᔕᐅᒪᑲᑭ ᑲᔭᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ
ᐊᐧᐁᓇ ᑫᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃ ᑫᑭᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᑫᑭᑕᐸᑎᓯᐟ?
ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃ ᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ (ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑲᐅᔑᑕᐟ) ᐊᐸᒋᑕᐤ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂ ᒋᐅᔑᐊᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐢᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᒥᐸᓂᓂᐠ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᐟ ᐃᑕᐢᑕᐤ ᑫᓄᐢᔓᐢᑯᑲᑌᓂᑭ ᐊᐧᐁᓇ ᒋᑭᑲᐢᑭᑕᐟ ᒋᐧᐊᐧᐁᓂᐢᑕᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᑕ ᑲᐢᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᐱᒋ ᑲᐃᔑ ᐊᔑᒋᒋᐠ ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ, ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ, ᐊᔭᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᑕᐧᐯᓂᒋᑲᑌᓂᐠ ᐊᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᒋᐧᐃᑭᐟ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᒋᐸᓂᐧᑕᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᓄ ᑲᐃᔑᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ.
ᑫᐧᑲᐣ ᐅᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᑭᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᑭᔭᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ?
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑫᑭᐧᐊᐧᐁᑐᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᑲᑭᑌᓂᑌᐣ ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᒪᐣ ᐁᒥᓇᐧᐁᔭᐣ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ. ᐅᒪ ᑫᑭᐧᐊᐧᐁᑐᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᐧᐃᑕᒧᒪᑲᐣ ᑲᐱᒋᐸᓂᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᐢᓯᐧᐃᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐃᐧᑌᒪᑲᐣ ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑕᓂᑫᑭᔭᑭᑕᒪᐣ ᑕᐢᑕᑐ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑫᐅᒋᐸᓂᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ. ᑫᑭᐧᐊᐧᐁᑐᒋᑲᑎᑭ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᐸᔭᑌᐧᐃᓭᑫᑭᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᒋᐧᐊᓂᐢᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑫᐅᒋᑭᒋᐸᓂᐠ (ᑲᐱᐳᑌᑭ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᐁᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐧᐳᒪᔑ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᓇᓀᐧᐊᐠ, ᑲᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᑐᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᐱᑯ ᐃᑎᑫ) ᑭᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᑫᔭᑎᑐᒋᑲᑌᓂᐠ ᐁᒪᒪᐧᐃᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᓇᑲᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ, ᐊᔑᐨ ᐁᓇᑐᐧᐃᐢᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᐅᑭᒪᑲᑕᑭᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃ ᓇᓀᒋᐧᐃᓇ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐧᐃᐧᐊᐧᐁᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᐁᐃᔑᓇᑯᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᒋᑭᑎᐸᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᐁᓇᔑᐸᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᑭᐅᒋᐸᓂᑭ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᓇᐃᐱᑯ ᒋᑭᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᑲ ᒋᔭᑎᐅᔭᑦᒥᐸᓂᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᑭ.
ᑕᓂᑯᐠ ᐁᑕᑭᑌᐠ ᐅᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃ?
ᑲᐃᑕᑭᓱᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᒣᒥᐢᑯᒋᐸᓄ ᑕᔑᓀ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᓄᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᔑᐧᐊ ᒥᒉᐟ ᑫᐧᑲᓇ:
ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᑲᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᑲᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ
ᑲᐃᑕᑭᓱᒋᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐅᓴᑦ ᐅᒋᐸᓄ ᑲᐃᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐣᑕᐧᑲᓂᒋᑲᑌᑭ. ᐁᑲᑕᐧᐯ ᐃᑕᑲᐧᑲᐧᑫ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᑭ, ᑲᓇᔑᐸᓄ ᑲᐃᑕᑭᑌᑭ. ᐃᑕᐧᑲᑲᑫ ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑭᒋᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᑭ, ᑲᐃᑕᑭᑌᑭ ᒥᐢᑕᐃ ᑲᐃᐡᐱᐸᓄᐅᒪᑲᐣ. ᑲᐅᒋᐸᓀᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᐢᐯᓂᒧᑐᑕᐧᒪᐠ ᐊᓀᐃ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐅᒋᐸᓂᑭ ᐅᐅ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ, ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐸᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑐᐣᑕᑐ ᐁᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑫᑭᐧᐊᐧᐁᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭ, ᑲᑭᐃᔑᐸᑭᑎᓂᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᐃᔑᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᓀᑲᐣ ᐃᑌᑫ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᔕᑯᐨ ᑭᓄᐧᐁᐢ ᑕᔑᓇᐧᐃᒪᑲᐣ ᒋᐅᔑᑕᒋᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᒥᓄᐧᐁᒋᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ - ᒥᒉᑐᐱᐳᐣ ᐊᐢᑲᐤ ᐁᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ. ᑲᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃ ᑫᓄᐢᔓᑭᑲᑌᐠ ᐅᒋᐸᓀᐤ ᒥᒉᐟᑕᔭᐠ ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ ᑲᔭᓂᒪᐠ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᐠ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᐧᐊᓇᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐃᑕᑭᑌᑭ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᐊᐸᑎᐠ ᓇᔕᐃᑫᐧᐃᓇ. ᑲᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᐊᐣᑕ ᔐᑫᐣ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐣᑕᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᔐᑫᐣ ᑲᐧᐃᑐᑕᑭᐠ ᒋᓇᔑᐊᑭᐠ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᓂᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᐃᑕᐧᑲᓂᓂᐠ ᑫᑯᒋᑕᒋᐃ ᔐᑫᐣ ᑲᐃᐧᑌᒋᐠ ᒋᑭᑐᑕᑭᐠ. ᐅᐅ ᑲᑭᑭᑭ ᐊᓂᒪ ᒋᑭᐃᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑕᓂᑫᐃᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐃᑕᐧᑭᐠ, ᑲᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᐃᑕᑭᑌᑭ.
ᑫᓄᐡᔓᑭᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᑯ ᔓᑫᐣ ᐊᑎᐧᐁᐧᐃᐣ
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐅᒋᒪᐧᑲᑭ ᐅᑕ ᐅᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐧᒪᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᓄᐡᔓᐢᑭᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᐣ ᒪᓇᐅᓴᑦ ᐃᐡᐸᑭᑕᑦ ᐁᔭᑕᐧᐁᐟ ᔕᑯᐨ ᑲᑭᔭᐸᒋᑕᐣ ᒋᓇᑭᐡᑲᒪᐣ ᐅᓇᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᐁᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᐅᒋ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐧᐃᔭᐸᑕᐠ ᔐᑫᐣ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᐣ ᒪᓇᐅᓴᑦ ᐧᐁᑕᑭᒋᑲᑌᐤ ᐁᔭᑕᐧᐊᓄᐧᐊᐠ.
ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᐅᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᐣᓇ
ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᔕᐱᑫᒋᐠ, ᐅᓴᑦ ᔐᑫᐣ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ, ᐧᐃᐅᑎᓂᑫᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑫᑭᐅᒋᓂᐳᐧᐃᒪᑲᓂᓂᑭ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᒥᓄᐸᓄᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ (ᑕᐱᐡᑯᐨ ᑲᐯᐱᑐᐡᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᐱᒪᑎᓯᐧᐃᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐃᑕᐧᐃ ᑲᐅᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ) ᒋᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐯᔭᐠᑯᓄᐠ, ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᒋᔭᒪᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᐃᑕᑎᓯᒪᑲᐠ ᐅᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑫᒋᐠ ᒥᐢᑕᐃ ᑲᑎᐸᐊᐧᒪᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᓂᓄᐧᐊ ᑫᒋᓇᐅᐧᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ.
ᑲᑌᓀᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᐁᐃᑭᑭ ᐅᐅ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ
ᑫᐃᑕᑭᑌᑭ ᐅᐅ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᐣᑕ ᔓᑫᐣ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᒪᒥᔑᑐᒋᑲᑌᐤ ᒋᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑕᐧᐯᓂᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐡᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᒋᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠᑭ ᐁᒪᐡᑲᐧᐊᑭ ᐃᑕᓯᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ ᑕᐧᐯᒋᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᒋᑭᐅᔑᑕᒪᒪᑲᐠ ᒪᐧᐊᐨ ᐁᒥᐧᓀᔑᑭ.
ᐃᑕᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ ᒋᒥᐢᑯᑌᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᐁᑲᑲᑭᔭᐸᑕᑭ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ
ᐊᐢᐧᑲᐤ, ᐅᐅ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᒥᐢᑭᑲᑌᐤ ᐁᑲᐁᒥᐧᓇᔑᑭ ᑲᐃᐡᐧᑲᒥᓂᐧᐊᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᑭᑭᐣᐅᒪ ᒋᒥᓄᐧᐊᓀᐧᐊᐠ ᐅᒪ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᔭᐸᑕᐠ ᐁᑲᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᐁᐧᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐧᐃᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᑭᑲᓇᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐁᑭᐸᑭᒋᐧᐁᐱᓂᑲᑌᐠ. ᑲᒥᐸᓂᓂᐠ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᐟ ᐊᐢᐧᑲᐤ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᑦ ᒋᒥᐡᑯᑐᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᐁᑲᑲᒥᐧᓄᔑᑭ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᑯᓯᐤ ᐊᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑫᑭᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐊᐧᐁᓇ ᑲᑎᐯᓂᑕᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐁᑲᑲᒥᐧᓄᔑᑭ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᒋᑭᒥᐢᑲᑐᓇᑭ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐁᑲ ᑲᒥᐧᓄᔑᓂᓂᑭ ᐁᑫᒋᓇᐅᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᔭᐃᑭ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᐅᒋᒪᑲᑭ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᒥᐡᑯᑐᓇᐠ ᑲᐧᔕᐱᑫᐠ ᐁᑲ ᑲᒥᐧᓄᔑᓂᓂᑭ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐧᐁᑕᑭᒋᑲᑌᓂᑭ ᐁᓇᓂᐢᓴᓀᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᐧᔕᐱᑫᐠ ᐅᒋ.
ᑫᐧᑲᐣ ᐅᒪ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐃᔑᒪᓯᓇᐅᑎᓯᓇᓄᐧᐊᐠ?
ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᑲᑐᑕᑭᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᔑᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᐧᐃᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᓂᓄ ᐁᐧᐃᑕᑭᐠ ᐁᐃᑕᐧᑲᓂᓂᑭ ᑲᑭᒪᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᓂᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑫᑭᒥᓂᒋᐠ ᒥᓯᐧᐁᐊᐧᐁᓇ. ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐃᔑᒪᓯᓇᓱᒋᐠ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐣ ᒋᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᑭᐠ ᐊᐣᑌ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐃᑕᐧᑲᑭ, ᐊᐧᐁᓇ ᑲᐱᑎᐧᑫᓯᓇᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᒥᓄᐧᐊᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ, ᒋᑭᐊᑕᐧᐊᓄᐧᐊᐠᑭ, ᒋᑭᔭᐸᑕᑭ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐧᐁᓇ ᑲᑭᔭᐸᒋᑕᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ.
ᐁᐃᔭᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐅᒪ ᐧᐃᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᒋᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᐧᐃᒋᑕᒪᑲᐣ ᐅᐅ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᒋᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᒋᑐᒋᑲᑎᑭ, ᒋᑭᐊᑭᑌᑭ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑕᐧᐯᔭᒋᑲᑌᑭ. ᐊᓂᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐧᐃᐧᔕᐱᑫᒋᐠ ᑲᑭᐸᑭᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᐅᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᐧᑲᐁᐡᐧᑲ ᑲᐊᑕᐧᐊᑲᓄᐧᐊᑭ, ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᔭᐸᒋᑕᓂᒋ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᑲᐧᐃᐧᔓᐱᑫᓂᒋ.
ᑲᕆᐣ ᑲᐢ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ
ᑲᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ: ᑲᕆᐣ ᑲᐢ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ
ᑲᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ: ᑲᕆᐣ ᑲᐢ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᑭᐠ ᐅᔑᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᔐᑫᐣ ᐁᑐᑕᑭᐠ ᒋᓇᔑᐊᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐁᐧᐊᓂᔭᐸᑎᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᒋᓇᑭᓇᑭᐠ ᑲᐃᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᔭᐢᑕᓱᒋᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᐢᑭ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᒋ, ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᓂᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑫᑭᐧᐊᐧᐁᑐᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᐠ ᐅᐅ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᐢᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓂᐧᐊᐣ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐁᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᑭ (ᑎᐸᐢᐧᑲᐃᑲᑌᐧᐊ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᒋᑲᑌᐧᐊᐣ) ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᐧᐊ ᐁᑲᐡᑯᐅᐟ ᑯᑕᐠ ᐊᐧᐁᓇ ᐁᑲᑲᐸᑎᓯᐟ ᐊᐣᑕ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐃᑕᔓᐧᐊᒋᑲᑎᐠ.
ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᑭ ᐊᔑᒋᒪᐧᑲᐧᓄ:
- ᑲᒥᐧᓄᔑᐠ ᐁᓇᑲᒋᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᒥᑎᐢᐧᑲᐠ ᒋᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐱᒋ ᒥᐢᑎᑯ/ᐊᐡᔑᐡᑭᐠ ᑲᒥᐧᓄᔑᐠ
- ᐁᑲ ᒋᐅᓇᐧᐃᒪᑲᐠ ᒣᐟᑌᐣ ᑲᐢ ᐁᐱᓂᑲᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ
- ᒋᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭᐸᐣ ᒋᓇᑲᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᒋᐢᑎᑯᐢᐧᑲᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒪᐡᑯᔑᔭ ᑲᐃᔑᐅᐡᔑᒋᑲᓄᐧᐊᐠ (ᐁᑲ ᒋᐅᓄᐧᐃᒪᑲᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐊᐣᑕᑲᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ)
- ᒋᒥᐡᑯᑐᐁᐱᓂᑲᐟᑌᑭ ᑎᑯᓄᓇ ᐊᐧᑲᒋᒋᓂᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᔭᐸᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᐁᑲ ᒋᒪᓂᐸᓂᐧᑕᒪᑲᑭ
- ᑲᐅᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᑭ ᐊᐢᑭ ᐧᐁᐱᓂᑲᓇ ᐃᐢᐱᐨ ᐧᐃᓇ ᒋᔑᒋᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᐧᐃᐱᓂᑲᓂᐠ
- ᒋᒋᒪᓀᒋᐠ ᒥᐢᑎᐧᑲᐠ ᒋᓂᑕᐧᐊᑭᒋᐠ
- ᒋᑲᒋᑎᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᒣᐟᑌᐣ ᑲᐢ ᑲᐅᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᒥᐢᑐᐢ ᐅᒣᔦᐠ
- ᐁᔭᑎᒥᐢᔕᐠᑭ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲᔭᐢᑕᒋᑯᑭᐠ ᓂᑕᐧᐃᑭᒋᑲᐣᓂ ᐊᐢᑭᔭ ᐁᐅᑎᓇᑭᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑫᐅᒋᐊᑎ ᐅᔓᐅᒪᑲᑭ ᑲᔭᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᐸᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐣ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᓄᐡᔓᐢᑭᑲᑌᑭ ᒋᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᐃᐡᐸᐠ ᒪᐧᐊᐨ ᑕᐧᐯᓂᒥᑐᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᑕᐣᐧᐁᓂᑕᑯᓱ ᒋᓄᐢᔓᑲᐠ ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᑲᐃᔑᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᓂᓂᐠ ᒋᑭ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑕᐧᐯᔭᓂᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᐅᔑᑕᓇᐧᐊᑭ.
ᑕᐧᐯ:
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᑲᐡᑭᑕᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᐠ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᐁᔭᐸᑕᐠ ᐧᒣᒋ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᑭᐅᒋᑎᐸᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐃᔑᓇᐧᐃᐧᐃᐣ. ᐊᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᑯᓯᐤ ᒋᐧᐊᐸᑎᓇᒪᑫᐟ ᐊᓂᐃ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑕᐧᐯᐁᑭᑲᐡᑭᑕᓀᐧᐊᐠ.
ᒥᓇᐊᑎᔑ:
ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᑯᓯ ᒋᓇᔕᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᒋᐅᑎᓇᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᐸᔑᐨ ᑫᐃᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᐁᑲ ᐁᔭᐸᑕᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ, ᑲᐃᔑᑭᐢᑫᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐅᒋᑭᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᐁᐃᔑᐧᐊᐸᑎᓂᑫᐅᐧᐁᒪᐧᑲᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐁᐱᐸᓂᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐃᔑᑕᐊᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑫᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ.
ᐃᐢᐱ ᐅᐅ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᓇᔕᐃᑲᐣᓇ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐊᓇᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᐃᑭᑫ ᐁᑲ ᐁᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ, ᐅᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᒧᓇ ᐊᑎᐊᐣᓇᐢᐧᑫᐸᓄ.
ᑫᑭᑌᐸᐢᐧᑲᐃᑲᑌᐠ:
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᑯᓯᐤ ᐧᑲᓴᐢᐠ ᒋᒪᓯᓇᐊᐠ ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᔕᐊᐃᓇᑌᓂᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᓂᑭ ᑲᑭᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᑭᐠ, ᐁᔭᐸᒋᑕᑭᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᑭᑕᐢᑕᓄᐧᐊᓂᓂᐠ ᐃᐧᑌᒪᑲᐣ ᒋᔭᐸᑕᑭ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᑭᓇᐢᑲᒧᓇᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᔭᔦᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐅᒋᑎᐸᐢᐧᑲᐃᑲᑎᑭᐊᐸᒋᑕᐧᐃᓇ ᒋᒪᐧᐊᑐᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑕᐟᑕ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᔭᑭᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᔕᐃᑲᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐃᑎᓂᑲᓇ.
ᑲᑭᑫ:
ᓇᓂᓴᓀᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲᔭᐢᑕᓱᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᒋᑭᐅᓇᐧᐃᐸᓂᐠ ᓂᑲᐣ ᐃᑌᑫ (ᒪᐢᑯᐨ ᔐᑫᐣ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐁᑲᔐᑫᐣ). ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑲᒋᑎᓇᑭᐠ ᐁᐅᑎᓇᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᔭᐢᑕᓱᒋᐠ ᓯᐅ2 ᒪᐡᑯᔑᐠ, ᒥᐢᑎᑯᐠ, ᐊᐡᑭᐡᑭᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᐊᑎᐅᔓᐅᒪᑲᑭ, ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᓇᑲᐊᑭᐠ ᒋᐅᓇᐧᐃᒪᑲᓂᓂᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ, ᐊᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᐃᑌᓂᑕᑯᓯᐤ ᒋᑫᒋᓇᐅᐟ ᑕᔑᓂ ᒋᐃᑕᐧᑲᓂᓂᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᑲᒥᓂᒋᐠ ᒋᑐᑕᑭᐠ.
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᐅᓴᑦ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᐤ ᓯᐅ2 ᑲᐃᔑᐊᐢᑕᓱᐊᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᑲᓇᐧᐁᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑭᓄᐧᐁᐢ, ᐊᐢᑲᐤ ᒥᑕᑐᒥᑕᓇ ᐱᐳᓇ ᑲᐃᐡᐧᑲ ᐅᔑᐊᑲᓄᐧᐃᒋᐠ ᐅᑯ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ.
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᐅᓴᑦ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐅᑭᒪᐧᐃᑲᑕᑭᐠ ᑲᑭᑕᑯᓀᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐱᔑᐡ ᐅᐅ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᐅᔑᐊᑲᓇᐧᐃᓂᒋ ᒋᑭᔭᐸᒋᐃᒥᒋ ᒋᑫᒋᓇᐅᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᑭᔭᐸᑕᒋᐃᒋᐠ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᑫ ᒋᐱᒋᐅᓇᐧᐃᐸᓂᓂᐠ ᓯᐅ2 ᑲᑭᐊᐢᑕᒋᑯᒋᐠ ᓂᑲᐣ ᐃᑌᑫ.
ᐃᐢᐱ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑫᑭᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᑭᐠ ᐸᑭᑎᓇᐧᑲᑫ ᑲᑭᐊᐢᑕᒋᑯᒋᐠ ᓯᐅ2 ᐅᒋᑕᐤ (ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ ᑲᓄᑕᑎᐧᑫᒋᐠ), ᑲᑭᑭᐣ ᒋᑭᐧᐁᑎᐧᐳᐊᒋᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᒥᓂᐧᑕᐸᐣ.
ᐯᔭᐧᑲᔭᐠ ᐃᔑ ᐯᑯ:
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᒪᐢᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᐤ ᐯᔭᐧᑲᓄᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐱᑯ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᓂᒪ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑎᑭ ᑲᑭᑲᐡᑲᑐᒪᓱᓇᓂᐧᐊᐣ ᐯᔭᐧᑲᐱᑯ. ᑭᐢᑎᓇᐨ ᐁᔭᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᒧᓇᓂᐧᔕᑲᑭᔭᑭᑎᐣ, ᑫᐃᑭᑭᐸᐣ ᒋᐅᓴᑦᒥᔭᑭᑕᒪᐣ ᑲᑕᑎᑭ ᐊᓂᐃ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᑭᓇᔕᐃᑲᑎᑭ ᑲᑭᐡᑲᑕᒪᓱᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐅᑕᐅᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ.
ᑲᑭᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑕᐧᐯᒋᑕᐧᑲᐠ:
ᐧᐃᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᒪᐧᐊᑐᓂᑲᑌᐤ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᒪᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᐤ ᒋᑭᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑭᐃᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᐃᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᑕᐧᐯ ᒋᔭᐸᒋᐃᐟ ᑲᐃᔑᑲᐡᑯᐅᐟ, ᐱᑐᐡ ᐁᐃᔑᔭᐸᑎᓯᐟ ᐊᐧᐁᓇ.
ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ
ᐊᑎᔑᒥᓇ ᐅᐅ ᐃᐡᐱᒥᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᓄᔕᐢᑭᑲᑎᑭ, ᐅᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᓇ ᐧᒣᒋ ᑲᐃᑕᔕᐧᐊᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᑫᓄᐡᔕᑭᑲᑌᑭ ᑫᑭᐃᔑᓄᐧᐃᒪᑲᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᐅᑕ ᐊᐡᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ.
ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᐃᐧᑌᒪᑲᐣ ᑫᑯ ᑫᑭᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᑭᔑᓇᐧᑲᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᒋᑭᑕᐧᑲᓂᓂᑭ ᒋᑭ ᒪᐢᓯᓇᐅᑎᓱᒋᐠ ᑭᒋᐊᑎᐧᐊᓂᐃᐢᑕᒋᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ. ᐅᒪ ᑲᑭᔭᒋᑕᓯᓇᑌᐧᐊ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᔑᑭᒋᐸᓂᐠ, ᑲᐃᔑᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ, ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑫᑐᑕᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᑯ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᑫᓇᔑᐊᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑫᐅᑎᓇᑭᐠ.
ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᒋᐸᓕᐠ ᑲᑕᑐᑯᓇᑭᓯᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ
ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᐁᑕᑐᑯᓇᑭᓯᐟ ᐃᑕᐢᑌᐤ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑐᒉᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐃᔑᑭᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑐᒋᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᐁᑕᑐᑯᓇᑭᓯᐟ ᐧᐃᑕᒪᑲᓄᐧᐊᐣ ᐊᐣᑕ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᑯᒪ ᑫᐅᒋᑭᒋᐸᓂᑭᐸᐣ ᒋᑭᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᑭᒋᐸᓂᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᓇᔑᐧᐊᐃᑲᓇ. ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᐃᔑᑭᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᔕᑯᐨ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᒋᐸᓂᑭ ᐧᐸᒪᔑ ᐃᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᑭᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᒧᓇ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᐧᐊ ᒋᔭᓇᐢᑫᑕᐧᑲᑭ. ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᑭᒋᐸᓂᐸᐣ ᐧᒣᒋ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑭᐡᐧᑲ ᑭᐃᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᑭᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᒋᑭᑲᐡᑭᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᒪᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ.
ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᒋᐸᓕᐠ ᐁᑕᑐᑯᓇᑭᓯᐠ
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐃᐢᐸᓀᐧᐊ ᐯᔭᐧᑲᓀᐠ ᑫᐃᐡᔑᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐊᐣᑌ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐃᔑᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᒋᔑᐸᑭᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ, ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐯᔭᑯ ᐸᑭᑕᐢᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐅᑕᐊᐢᑭᐠ.
ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᔭᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ
ᒧᓇ ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᑲᔭᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᑭ ᐅᔑᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟᐢ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᑭᐧᐊᐸᑕᑦ ᑫᑯᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭ ᑕᔑᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ.
ᐁᑯᑕᐦᐊᐢᑲᐧᒋᑲᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ
ᒣᐧᑲᐨ ᐁᒥᒉᑎᑭ ᐳᐱᑐᐡ ᑲᔭᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᒥᐧᓄᐡᔑᑭ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᐅᒋ, ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᐤ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᓇᐡᔑᐊᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓇᑭᐠ ᐃᑲᐡᑲᒧᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᐊᐢᑭᑲᐢᓯᐢ. ᐱᑐᐡ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᓇᔕᐊᐧᒪᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐅᑎᓇᐧᒪᐠ ᐯᐱᑐᐡ ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ. ᒥᐢᑎᑯᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᐁᑯᑕᐦᐊᐢᑲᐧᒋᑲᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᓯᐅ2, ᒣᐧᑲᐨ ᑲᐁᐱᓂᑫᒋᐠ ᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐧᒪᐠ ᒥᐟᑌᐣ (ᓯᐁᐨ4) ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᑭᐧᐃᑕᑦ ᑫᑯ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᓇᔕᐃᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓇᑭᐠ ᑲᑭᐅᐡᔑᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ.
ᑲᐅᒋᒥᓄᐸᓂᑭ ᐃᑲᐡᑲᒧᒋᑲᑎ ᐊᐢᑭ ᑲᐢ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ
ᑲᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ: ᑲᐅᒋᒥᓄᐸᓂᑭ ᐃᑲᐡᑲᒧᒋᑲᑎ ᐊᐢᑭ ᑲᐢ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ
ᑲᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ: ᑲᐅᒋᒥᓄᐸᓂᑭ ᐃᑲᐡᑲᒧᒋᑲᑎ ᐊᐢᑭ ᑲᐢ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ
ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐃᑌᑫ
ᐁᔭᔑᒋᔭᐣ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᓄᐧᑲᐣ ᐊᐸᑌᓯᐧᐃ ᐁᔭᑎᐅᔓᐅᒪᑲᐠ ᐁᔭᐱᐸᓂᐠ ᑫᑭᐅᒍᑎᓂᑲᑎᑭ ᑲᓇᐃᐸᓂᐠ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᔑᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᑫᑭᐅᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᐅᑕ ᐅᒋ ᐁᔭᑕᐧᐊᐸᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐢᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑫᑭᐧᐃᒋᑕᒪᑲᐠ ᐃᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᒋᓄᒋᑕᓇᐧᐊᑭ. ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᐊᑌ ᐃᑌᑫ ᒥᐢᑎᑯ, ᑲᐃᔑᓂᑕᐧᐊᑭᒋᑲᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐧᐁᐱᓂᑲᓇ ᑲᐃᔑᓄᒋᑕᓇᐧᐊᑭ ᑲᑭᐅᒋᐸᓄ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᒋᑭᐅᒋᐊᔭᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᓇᐃᐸᓂᑭ. ᐃᑕᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᔭᔑᒋᒪᑲᐠ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᑲᐅᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᐅᔑᒋᑫᐧᐃᐣ, ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᑭᐅᐡᔑᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᒋᓇᑲᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭᐸᐣ ᐊᐢᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ.
ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᐃᑌᑫ
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᓇ ᒋᑭᐅᒋᐸᓂᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᑲᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑫᐧᑲᓇ ᑫᔭᐸᑕ ᑲᔭᒋᐸᓂ ᐁᑎᔑᓇᐧᑲ ᑕᐣᓯᑭᓯᑫᓯᑲᐠ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᔑᒋᒪᑲᑭ ᐁᒥᓄᐸᓂᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ ᐁᓇᑲᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑫᑐᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᑲᑭ ᐊᔑᒋ ᐁᑕᐧᑲᓇ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᐊᐢᑭ ᐃᑌᑫ ᑫᐅᒋᒥᓄᐸᓂᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᒋᒥᐧᓇᔑᑭ ᐁᐃᔑᑕᒋᐠ ᐊᐧᐃᔭᔑᔕᐠ, ᐊᐡᔑᐡᑭᒋᒥᐧᓇᔑᐠ, ᓂᐱ ᒋᒥᐧᓇᔑᐠ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᓇᑲᒋᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᒥᐢᑎᑯᐢᐧᑲᐠ.
ᐃᒉᐧᐃᑐᐧᐃᐣ
ᓄᒋᒥᐢᑲᒥᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᒥᓄᐸᓂᐧᑌᒪᑲᓇ ᐊᐧᐃᔭᔑᔕᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒪᐡᑯᔑᔭ ᑲᓂᑕᐧᐊᑭᑭ ᐊᓂᓂᐧᐊ ᐊᐸᒋᑕᐧᐃᓇ ᐃᑌᑫ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᓯᑐᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᐃᓇᓀᐧᐊᐠ ᑕᐱᐡᑯᐨ ᑕᒥᓇᐅᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒪᐧᐊᑐᐧᐃᓂᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐃᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐧᐁᐱᓂᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᓇᐡᔕᐃᑲᑌᐧᐊ ᑲᓇᓂᐢᓴᓀᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᑲᐱᒋᐳᐡᑲᑫᒪᐧᑲᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᒥᓄᓇᑯᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᐃᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᒋᒥᓄᐸᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒥᓄᐱᒪᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐅᒋᓂᐳᐧᐃᒪᑲᐠ ᑲᑭᐧᐃᒋᐧᑕᒪᑲᐣ ᒋᐧᐊᐧᐁᓀᐢᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐃᑕᐧᐃ ᑫᑭᑲᐡᑯᐅᒪᑲᐠ ᐁᔭᐸᑕᑭ ᐁᐅᔑᑕᓇᐧᐊᑭ ᐅᐡᑭ ᑲᐡᑯᐅᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᒧᐧᐃᓇᐅ.
ᐁᔭᐸᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᑲᐡᑲᒧᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ
ᑲᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ: ᐁᔭᐸᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᑲᐡᑲᒧᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ
ᑲᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ: ᐁᔭᐸᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᑲᐡᑲᒧᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ
ᑭᑎᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᐧᐃᑐᑕᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᐧᐃᑭᒋᑕᐟ ᐊᐟᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐊᓂᓄᐤ, ᐅᐅ ᑫᐊᑎᒪᓯᓇᑌᑭ ᑫᑭᓄᐢᔓᐢᑲᐠ ᐁᑕᐢᑌᐧᐊ ᑫᑭᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ. ᑲᑕᐧᐯᔦᓂᒥᒋᐠ ᑲᔭᔑᑭᒋᐠ ᑲᑲᐡᑯᐅᒋᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐊᑕᐁᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐅᔑᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᑲᑭᐧᐃᒋᑕᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᐅᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐃᐢᐱᒋᐱᓴᐧᑲᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑭᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᐢᑯᐅᐧᐃᐣ ᑭᐢᑫᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑕᐧᐁᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᒋᓄᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐃᑲᐡᑲᒧᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ ᑲᐢ (ᒋᐁᐨᒋ) ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐅᒋ.
1. ᐁᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃ ᓇᐢᑯᒧᐧᐃᐣ
ᑐᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᔭᐤ ᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᓂᓂᐠ ᒋᑐᑕᐠ ᒋᑭᐊᔑᒋᐨ, ᐃᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᑫᑭᑐᑕᒪᐣ ᑭᑕᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᐃᔑᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ.
ᐁᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᒪᐣ ᐊᐧᐁᓇ ᑫᑭᐧᔕᐱᑫᐟ ᐅᐅ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑌᐣ ᐁᐧᐃᐊᔑᒋᔭᐣ ᐧᒣᒋᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ. ᐃᐢᐱ ᑭᑕᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᐧᐃᐸᑭᑎᓇᐠ ᒥᐢᑕᐟ ᑫᐅᒋᐧᐃᒋᐃᑯᔭᐣ, ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ ᑲᐃᔑᒪᑎᓯᒪᐧᑲᑭ ᑫᐧᑲᐣᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᓇᑲᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ, ᑲᒥᓄᓇᐧᑲᐣ ᑲᐧᐃᔕᐸᑫᒋᐠ ᐅᒋ. ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᒥᓄᐧᐊᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐃᐢᐸᓂᑭ ᐅᑌ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃ ᑫᓄᐢᔓᐢᑭ ᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᑭᒧᐢᑌᓇᑭᐠ ᑲᒥᔕᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓄᒋᑕᑭᐠ ᐁᓄᔓᐡᑲᑭᐠ ᐃᑕᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐃᔑᑕᐧᐁᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐁᔭᐢᐯᓂᒧᔾᐣ ᑲᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ, ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᐃᑕᐧᑲᓇ ᑫᓄᐢᔓᐢᑭᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃ ᒋᑭᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᑭᓇᑭᑲᑕᒪᐣ ᐃᐢᐱᐨ ᐊᓂᑭ ᔓᑫᐣ ᑲᐊᑕᐧᐁᒋᐠ.
ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᐅᑎᓇᒪᐣ ᑕᐧᐁᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᐅᑎᓇᒪᐣ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᓄᐢᔓᐢᑲᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᒋᑭᔭᐸᒋᑕᔭᐢ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐢ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᐅᒋ.
ᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭ ᑲᐃᔑᑕᐧᐁᑕᐣᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑲᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᒋᑐᑕᒪᐣ ᑲᐃᔑᑕᐧᑲᓂᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᔭᐸᑕᑭᐸᐣ ᓄᐢᔓᐢᑲᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭ.
2. ᐁᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ
ᑲᐧᐊᓂᐢᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐣᑐᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒥᐢᑕᐃ ᒋᐢᐸᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ, ᔕᑯᐨ ᒪᑲ, ᐅᑌ ᑲᑭᐧᐃᒋᐧᑕᒪᑲᐣ ᒋᒥᓄᐸᓂᐠ ᐅᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ. ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᐣᑐᐧᐁᓂᒣᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑫᑭᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᒥᓂᒋ ᑭᐸᑭᑎᓇᒥᓂᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᑫᑐᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᐧᐳᒪᔑ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᒋᒪᓯᓇᐅᑎᓱᓂᒋ.
3. ᐁᐃᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑕᐧᐯᐁᑭᑭ
ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᑲᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᒪᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑫᑭᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᒥᓂᒋ ᒋᔭᐸᒋᐃᒥᒋ ᑲᑲᐢᑯᐅᓂᒋ, ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᐊᐧᐁᓂᑲᐣᓇ ᒋᑭᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᒥᓂᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᒋᑕᐧᑲ ᐁᐧᑲᔭᐢᑯᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑫᒪᓯᓇᐅᑎᓱᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ. ᐊᓇ ᑲᐃᐧᑌᐟ ᑫᐧᑲᓇ ᑕᐧᐯᒋᑭᑭᓂᓂᑭ ᑲᐃᐧᑌᐤ ᒋᑭᑐᑕᐠ ᐊᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᐁᓄᒋᑕᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᐁ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ.
ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᒧᓇᑕᐧᐁᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᑭ, ᔕᑯᐨ ᒪᑲ ᑲᐧᐃᒋᑐᒪᑲᐣ ᒋᐧᐊᐸᑎᓇᒪᑫᔭᐣ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᒋᑭᐅᐡᔑᑕᔭᐠ ᑲᑕᐧᐁᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᓇ (ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐧᐃᒋᐃᑯᐣ ᔓᓂᔭᓂᐠ ᐃᑌᑫ), ᐅᓴᑦ ᐊᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᐁᑲᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᑫ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ. ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᑯᓯᐤ ᒋᐅᑎᓇᐟ ᑲᔭᐸᑎᓯᓂᒋ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑎᐸᐊᒪᐧᐊᐟ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᑭᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᒥᓂᒋ ᑫᐧᑲᓇ ᑕᐧᐯᒋᑭᓂᓂᒋ. ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᐠ ᐊᓂᐃᐧᒣᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ, ᐊᔑᒋ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᓇᑲᒋᑕᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐅᑎᓇᑲᓄᐧᐃᐸᐣ.
4. ᒋᔭᔑᒋᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ
ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑐᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᒋᐠ ᒋᒥᓄᐧᐁᒋᐠ ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᐅᒣᓄᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᓄ ᒋᔭᔑᒋᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᐱᑎᐧᑫᓯᓇᐧᐊᑲᐠ ᐅᑕᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ. ᐅᐅ ᑲᐸᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᐱᑎᐧᑫᓯᓇᐃᑲᑎᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐱᑐᐡᔑᓇᑯᐸᓂᐧᐊ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐣ, ᔕᑯᐨ ᒪᑲ ᐊᓂᒪ ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑕᐧᐁᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᑭ ᐊᔑᒋᒪᑲᐣ:
4A. ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᓂᒧᒋᑲᑌᐤ
- ᒋᐧᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ, ᐁᐃᔑᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ, ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᐠ, ᐁᑭᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᓇᐢᑯᒧᓇᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ.
4B. ᑲᐃᔑᑎᐯᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐧᐃᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ
- ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᑯᓯᐤ ᒋᐧᐊᐸᑎᓇᒪᑫᐟ ᑲᐃᔑᑌᐯᓇᑕᐧᑲᑭ (ᑲᑎᐯᓄᐧᐁᐧᐃᓯᐟ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᑭᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐟ) ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐱᐳᑌᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᑲᓇᐢᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐅᒋᒪᑲᑭ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ.
- ᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᐅᒪ ᐁᑲ ᒋᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᒪᒋᑯᓂᑲᓇ ᑕᐱᐢᑯ ᐊᐣᑕ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᔑᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᑲ ᓂᐡᐧᔓ ᒋᔭᔑᑕᑭᒋᑲᑌᑭ.
- ᐊᑎᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᑲᐸᑭᑎᓂᓇᒋᐠ ᑲᑭᐃᐧᑌᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᑎᐯᓂᑕᑭᐠ ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐊᐱᔑᐡ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᑭᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᓂᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ, ᐃᐧᑲᓂ ᐁᒋᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᒋᓂᓯᑐᑭᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᑭᒋᐅᑭᒪᐤ ᐅᔓᓂᔭᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᒋ ᑫᑭ ᐅᑕᒥᐢᑲᑫᒪᑲᐠ ᒋᔭᔑᒋᓇᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ.
- ᐁᐅᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᑭ ᑎᐯᒋᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᓂᐃ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᑭᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᑭᐅᒋᐸᓂᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑭᓄᐧᐁᐡ ᑲᑭᐃᐢᐸᓄ, ᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒪᑲ ᐃᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᒋᑭᒋᑕᐟ ᒋᑎᐯᓂᑕᑭᐠ ᐊᑎᔑ ᑲᑎᑭᒋᐸᓂᓂᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᑐᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᓂᓂᐠ.
- ᓂᐢᑎᐧᓇ ᑕᐱᐡᑯᐨ ᑫᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᑲᑭ:
ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᑌᐯᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ
ᐊᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᐁᑎᐯᓂᑕᐠ ᐅᑕᐢᑭᑦ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐁᔨᔭᐟ ᑎᐸᐢᑯᓂᑫᐧᐃ ᓇᐢᑯᒧᐧᐃᓂᓂᐤ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᑎᐯᑕᐠ ᐅᑕᐢᑭ ᐅᒋ ᑫᑭᐃᐧᑌᓂᒋ ᒋᑭᔭᐸᒋᑕᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᐃᓇᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᑲᐅᒋᐱᓂᑭ.
ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᐱᒋ ᐃᐡᑯᓂᑲᐣ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐃᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑎᐯᓂᑕᐠ ᐊᐢᑭᓄ
ᐊᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᐃᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᑎᐯᓂᑕᐠ ᐅᑕᐢᑭᑦ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐁᔨᔭᐟ ᑎᐸᐢᑯᓂᑫᐧᐃ ᓇᐢᑯᒧᐧᐃᓂᓂᐤ ᐊᓂᒣᓄ ᐃᑕᐧᐃᓂᓄ ᑫᑭᐃᐧᑌᒪᑲᓂᓂᐠ ᒋᑭᔭᐸᒋᑕᐟ ᐊᓂᐃ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᐃᓇᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᐅᒋ.
ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐱᒋ ᓂᐢᑕᑦ ᐊᐢᑲᓀᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᑕᐢᑭᐧᐊᐤ ᐱᑯ ᑭᒋᐅᑭᒪᐤ ᐅᑕᐢᑭᑦ
ᑲᐃᑌᓂᑕᑯᓯᓇᓀᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᔭᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᓂ ᐃᔑᑎᐯᓂᐧᑕᐧᑲᐧᓇ ᑭᒋᐅᑭᒪᐤ ᐃᑌᑫ ᐸᑎᒪ ᐁᒥᓄᐧᐊᓂᐧᐊᐠ. ᐃᑕᐧᐃᓇ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᓇᐢᑯᒧᒋᐠ ᐸᑭᑕᐢᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᑲᐣᓇᑕᐢᑭ ᑭᒋᐅᑭᒪᐧᐊ ᒋᑭ ᐧᐊᐸᑎᓇᒪᑫᒋᐠ ᑲᐃᑌᓂᑕᑯᓯᒋᐠ ᒋᓄᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ. ᐱᓯ ᐧᐃᓇ, ᐅᐅ ᓇᐢᑯᒧᑐᐧᐃᓇ “ᓀᓀᐧᐃ ᓇᒥᓄᐸᓂᐃᑯᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᔑᒋᔭᐸᑕᑭ ᓇᐢᑯᒧᐧᐃᓇ”.
4C. ᑲᐅᒋᑎᐸᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᑫᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᑲᑭᐸᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑫᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᑲᑭᐸᐣ
- ᑲᐅᒋᑎᐸᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᑫᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᑭᐸᐣ (ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐃᔑᔭᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᑭᐢᑫᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ) ᐊᐸᑕᐣ ᐁᔭᓂᒧᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᔭᐃᔑᓇᐧᐃᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᑫᑭᒋᑭ ᑭᑭᐸᐣ ᐁᑲ ᒋᐅᒋᑕᐧᑲᑭᐸᐣ ᐁᑲ ᐁᒋᔭᐸᑕᐠ ᐅᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ.
- ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑫᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᑲᑭᐸᐣ ᐊᐸᑕᐣ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᐃᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᐧᐃᔭᑭᒋᑲᑎᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑎᑭ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᑭᐅᒋᑲᐡᑭᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐅᑕᐅᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ, ᐁᔭᐸᑕᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᑭᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᑭᔭᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ.
4D. ᑲᐧᐃᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐅᒋᐸᓂᑭ, ᐊᓱᐧᐊᒋᑲᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑭᐃᔑᒪᒧᐧᐃᓀᑲᑌᑭ
ᑲᐅᒋᒪᑲᑭ
ᓇᐧᐊᐢᒋᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐸᑭᑎᓇᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᐊᐣᑌ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᐅᒋᒪᑲᑭ ᐊᑕ ᐱᒥ ᐁᐃᐡᐧᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᔭᐸᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᑭᑕᐧᐊᑭᒋᑲᓄᐧᐊᐠ.
ᐊᓱᐧᐊᒋᑲᐣ
ᓇᐧᐊᐢᒋᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᑫᑭᐅᑎᓇᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ ᐊᓱᐧᐊᒋᑫᓇ ᐊᔑᒋᒪᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᔭᐢᑕᒋᑯᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᒪᐡᑯᔑᐠ. ᒥᐢᑎᐧᑯᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐡᔑᐡᑭᔭ.
ᑲᐃᔑᑲᓇᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓂᐱ
ᐊᐸᒋᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᑫᑭᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᑲᐠ ᒋᑭᒪᐧᐊᑐᓇᐠ, ᒋᔭᐢᑕᒋᑯᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᐸᑭᒋᐧᐁᐱᓇᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ. ᑲᐃᔑᒪᒧᐧᐃᓀᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᑭᔭᐡᔑᒋᒪᑲᓇ ᒪᐡᑯᔑᔭ, ᒥᐢᑎᐧᑲᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐡᔑᐡᑭᔭ.
- ᐊᔑᒋᒪᐧᑲᓇ ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᐃᑲᐡᑲᒧᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᐊᐢᑭ ᑲᐢ ᑲᐅᒋᐸᓂᑭ, ᐊᓱᐧᐊᒋᑲᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐃᔑᒪᒧ ᐧᐃᓀᑲᑌᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃ ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᐃᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐅᒋ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ.
- ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᑭᐸᑭᑎᓇᑦ ᐊᑎᐟ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᓂᑭ ᑲᑭᐃᑭᐣ ᐁᑲᒋᔭᔑᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᐊᐣᓇ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᔭᔑᑕᑭᑌᐠ ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁᑲᐅᑕᑦᒥᐢᑲᑯᑌ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑐᒋᑫᐧᐃᓇ.
4E. ᐁᔭᑎᓇᓇᐢᐧᑫᐸᓂᐠ
- ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᑯᓯᐤ ᒋᐧᐊᐸᑎᓇᒪᑫᐟ ᐊᓂᐃ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᑭᑲᐢᑭᑕᑭᐠ ᐅᑕᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ ᐁᑲᒋᑭᑭᑭᐸᐣ ᐁᑲᑭᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ, ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ, ᐁᐊᑎᔭᔑᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ.
- ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᑲᐊᐡᔑᒋᒪᑲᑭ ᐁᔭᑎᓇᓇᐢᐧᑫᐸᓂᑭ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᒪᓇᑕᐧᐯ ᐊᐸ ᑕᐧᓇ ᑕᔑᓀ ᒋᔭᐸᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᒋᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᑲᑭᔑᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᓂᐧᐊᐧᑲᐸᐣ.
- ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑲᑲᓇᐊᐧᐸᑕᐠ ᑲᒋᐧᐊᐸᑎᓇᒪᑫᐤ ᐁᔑᓇᐧᑲᓂᓂᐠ ᐅᑕᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᑎᔭᔑᑎᓂᑲᑌᓂᐠ ᔕᑯᐨ ᐊᑎᓇᐡᐧᑲᑯᐤ ᐁᐧᐃᔭᐸᒋᑕᐟ.
4F. ᑲᓇᔑᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᓇᓂᐢᓱᓀᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐁᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ
- ᐅᐅ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐃᐢᐸᐊᑭᐠ ᑲᐅᑎᓇᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐊᐢᑕᒋᑯᒋᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᒪᐡᑯᔑᐠ, ᒥᐢᑎᑯᐠ, ᐊᐡᔑᐡᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐃᔑᐅᔑᑕᒪᑲᓂᓂᐠ, ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᑲᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᑭᐠ ᑲᐃᔑ ᓇᓂᐢᓴᓀᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᒋᐅᓂᐧᐃᐸᑎᐠ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐃᑌᑫ ᐁᑲᑲᑭᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑫᐊᑎᑭ.
- ᐁᓇᓂᐢᓴᓀᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐁᐃᔑᒧᑕᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᐊᔑᒋᒪᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᐧᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᐃᓇᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᐧᐃᑲᐧᑫᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ ᑲᓇᓂᐢᓴᓀᑕᐧᑲᐠ.
- ᐁᓇᓂᐢᓴᓀᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐁᐧᐊᐸᑎᓇᒪᑲᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᒥᐢᑎᑯᐢᑲᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ ᑲᐃᑭᑭ ᒪᐡᑯᐨ ᑲᐸᓯᑌᐠ, ᒪᐣᒍᔑᐠ ᑲᐅᓴᒥᒉᑎᒋᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᓴᑦᒥᓄᑌᐠ.
4G. ᐁᐅᒋᑲᐧᐊᐠ
- ᐁᐅᒋᑲᐧᐊᐠ ᐃᑭᐣ ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁᐃᔑᓇᐧᐃᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᑕᐧᐁᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐅᔑᒋᑲᓇ ᐱᑐᐡᐁᐃᐢᐸᓂᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑫᐃᐡᔑᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐃᐢᐱ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᐃᔑᑭᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ. ᐅᒪ ᐁᑭᐣ ᒋᐅᔓᐅᒪᑲᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᐱᑐᐡ. ᑕᐱᐡᑯᐨ ᐁ ᓇᔑᓇᒪᐣ ᒥᐢᑎᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᒋᐠ ᐯᔭᐠ ᐧᑲᔭᐠ ᑲᑭᓇᑭᐸᓄ ᒥᐢᑎᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᒋᐠ ᐱᑐᐡ ᐧᐊᔭᐠ ᐃᑌᑫ.
- ᓇᑕᐧᐃᑭᐢᑫᐣᑕ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑫᑭᐅᒋᐊᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᐁᐅᒋᑲᐧᐊᐠ.
4H. ᐁᐧᐃᑲᐧᑫᐃᑕᑭᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ
- ᐊᔑᑎᓇ ᑲᐃᑕᑭᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑫᑭᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᐠ, ᐁᔭᐸᑕᑭ ᑲᑭᑕᔓᐧᐊᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇᑫᔭᐸᑕᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐅᒋ. ᑫᑭᐧᐃᒋᐧᑕᐟ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑫᐧᐃᒉᐧᐊᐟ ᐁᑲᐡᑯᐅᐟ ᐁᑭᑌᐸᐢᐧᑲᐃᑫᐟ ᑲᑭᐧᐃᒋᐧᑕᐤ ᐁᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐅᒪ ᑲᑭᑕᑭᒋᑲᑌᓂᐠ.
5. ᑲᔭᑎᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᓄᐢᔓᐢᑲᑦ ᑲᐃᔑᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑌᓂᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ. ᐊᔑᒋᐃᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᔭᔦᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᐁᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ, ᔕᑯᐨ ᐊᔑᐨ ᑲᑭᒪᐧᐊᑐᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᐡᔑᓄᒋᑕᓇᐧᐊᑭ ᒪᐢᓯᓇᐃᑲᐣᓇ ᑐᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᓇ ᒋᑭᐅᒋᑎᐸᐃᑲᐠ (ᒋᑎᐸᐢᐧᑲᐃᑲᑎᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᔭᑭᒋᑲᑌᑭ) ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑭᐢᑫᒋᑲᑭ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑭᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ. ᑲᑎᐸᐢᐧᑲᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᐧᐃᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᐤ ᐁᒪᐧᐊᑐᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᓂ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᔭᑭᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑭᑕᑎᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᑭᑲᐢᑭᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ ᓀᐢᑕ, ᐁᑯᒪᑲ, ᑲᑕᑎᑭ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᐅᒋᐸᐣᓂᑭ.
6. ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ
ᐊᓂᐃ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᑕᐸᑌᑭ ᑲᓇᔑᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐅᒋᑎᐸᐢᑯᐃᑲᑎᐠ ᐊᔭᐸᑕᑭ ᑫᑕᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᑭᑕᐢᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ. ᐅᒪ ᑲᒋᔭᔑᒋᐸᓄ ᐧᐃᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇᑲ ᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ (ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᐱᒥ, ᐃᐡᑯᑌᐤ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐊᐢᑭᐢᑭᐧᐃᒋᑕᐧᐃᐣ, ᐁᓂᑯᐠ ᒥᐢᑎᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᒋᐠ, ᒥᓇᒪᑲ) ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐅᒋᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᐠ ᑲᐃᑭ ᐅᐅ ᐅᒋ ᑲᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᒋᔭᑭᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᐁᓂᑯᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋᐢ ᑲᐅᓇᐧᐃᐸᓂᐠ ᐊᐣᑐᑲᐅᒋᑭ. ᑲᐅᒋᐅᓇᐧᐃᐧᐊᐸᑌᐠ ᑲᐃᑭ ᐊᐸᑕᐧᓇ ᒋᐊᒋᑕᓇᐧᐊᑭ ᑲᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ (ᑕᐱᐢᑯᐨ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᐱᒥ ᐊᐸᑕᐠ, ᐃᐡᑯᑌᐤ ᐁᔭᐸᑕᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐁᓂᑯᐠ ᐊᐡᑭᐡᑭᐧᐃᒋᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᐸᑭᑎᓂᑲᑌ) ᐊᐣᑕ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᑎᐸᒋᒧᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ. ᑯᑕᑭᐠ ᒪᑲ, ᒪᓯᓇᐃᑫᐧᐃᒐᑲᐢᑌᐸᓂᒋᑲᐣ ᑲᔭᐸᑕᑭ ᐊᐸᑕᐧᓇ ᐁᔭᑭᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ. ᑲᐃᔑᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᐧᐃᔭᑭᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᐅᓇᐧᐃᔭᐸᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᐊᑕ ᐅᒋ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᓂᑕᐧᐊᑭᑭ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᒥᐢᑎᑯᐢᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᔑᒋ ᐊᐸᑕᐧᓇ ᑲᑎᐸᐢᐧᑲᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒪᓯᓇᐃᑫᐧᐃᒐᑲᐢᑌᐸᓂᒋᑲᐣ ᑲᔭᐸᑕᑭ.
ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᔑᒋᔭᐤ ᐁᓇᑭᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐃᔑ ᐊᐢᑕᓱᒋᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᐁᐃᔑᐱᒪᑎᓯᒪᐧᑲᐠ ᐱᒋ ᒪᐡᑯᔑᐠ, ᒥᐢᑎᑯᐠ, ᐊᐡᔑᐡᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐃᔑᐅᔑᑕᒪᑲᓂᓂᐠ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᓇᑲᒋᑕᐟ ᑭᓄᐧᐁᐢ ᒋᔑᑕᐧᑲᓂᓂᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑎᑭ ᒣᐧᑲᐨ ᐁᔭᐸᑎᓯᑭᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᐢᐧᑲ ᑲᐢᑭᑕᒪᓯᐧᐃᓇᑲᓄᒋᑕᓇᐧᐊᑭ ᐁᐃᐡᐧᑲᐸᓂᐠ. ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᓇᓇᑲᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑌᐠ ᑲᑭᐊᔑᑎᓂᑲᑌᐠ:
- ᑫᔭᐃᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᒪᐧᐊᑐᓂᑲᑌᐠᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑲᓇᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᓇ
- ᑲᐃᔑᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐅᒋᐸᓂᑭ, ᐊᓱᐧᐊᒋᑲᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑭᐃᔑᒪᒧᐧᐃᓀᑲᑌᑭ ᑫᐃᔑᓇᑲᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᑭ
7. ᐁᐧᐃᑕᒪᑲᓄᐧᐊᐠ
ᐁᐧᐃᑕᒪᑲᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᑭᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑭᔭᑭᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᐁᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᐢᑕᐱᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ. ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᑲᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᐸᑭᑎᓇᐠ ᑲᑭᓇᐢᑯᒧᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᒥᐧᓇᐡᔑᑭ ᐧᐃᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᐸᓂᐧᑕᐟ ᐅᒋ ᒋᑭᐅᑎᓇᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ. ᐧᐃᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃ ᑲᐃᔑᑕᐧᐁᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐸᑭᑎᓂᑲᑌᐧᐊ ᐱᒋ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᐃᔑᓄᔓᐢᑭᑲᑌᑭ.
8. ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᐁᑭᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ
ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᐁᑭᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑭᒋᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒋᑭᑕᐧᓭ ᒋᒥᐧᓇᔑᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒣᑐᓂ ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑕᐧᐯᔦᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐁᐃᐡᔑᓇᐧᑲᑭ ᐧᐃᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᓇ. ᐃᐢᐧᑲ ᐊᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᒋᑭᐸᓂᐧᑕᐟ ᐊᓂᒣᓄ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑭᑌᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ (ᐊᐢᐧᑲᐤ ᐯᔭᐠᑯ ᐱᐯᐣ), ᐊᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓱᐧᐃᓂᓄᐤ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᑲᑭᐅᑎᓀᐤ ᑲᑲᐡᑯᐅᓂᒋ, ᐁᑲᐊᐣᑕ ᑲᔭᐸᑎᓯᓂᒋ ᐱᑐᐡ ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᐁᑭᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᑯᐱᒋᐠ ᒋᓱᑭᓯᑕᑦᐃᓂᒋ:
- ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᑭᑭᒋᑕᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᐃᔑᓄᔓᐢᑲᑌᑭ ᐊᑕ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ.
- ᐊᓂᒪ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᒋᐁᐨᒋ ᑲᓇᔑᐸᓂᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᐃᐡᔑᑲᐡᑯᐅᓇᓀᐧᐊᐠ ᒥᑐᓂ ᐁᑯᑌ ᐁᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ.
ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᓄ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᓇᑲᒋᑕᐤ ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐊᒪᓯᓇᐃᑲᓇ ᐁᒥᓇᐟ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᐁᑭᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᔭᐱᓂᒋ. ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃ ᑲᓄᐢᓱᐢᑭᑲᑌᑭ ᐁᑕᐢᑌᐤ ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᐁᑭᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐁᔑ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᑭᐠ ᐊᔑᐨ ᑲᐃᔑᑭᐢᑫᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐅᑕᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑲᑭᔑᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐟ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒪᓯᓇᐃᑲᓂᓄ ᑲᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᒋᔦᔭᐟ ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᐁᑭᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐃᔑᔭᐸᒋᐠ ᑫᑕᑯᓇᑭᐠ.
9. ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᒥᓄᐧᐊᓄᐧᐊᐠ
ᐃᐢᐱ ᐊᓇ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᐟ ᐁᐃᑌᓂᑕᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐃᑕᔓᐧᐊᒋᑫᐟ ᐁᑭᓄᐢᔓᐢᑲᑌᓂᑭ, ᑲᒥᓀᐤ ᒥᐁᐨᒋ ᐊᑊᐃᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑲᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᒥᓂᒋ. ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᐃᑕᐢᑌᑭ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃ ᑲᐃᑕᔓᐧᐊᒋᑫᐟ, ᑲᑭᓇᑲᓇᑦ ᐊᓇ ᑲᒥᐸᓂᓂᐠ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᐟ ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᐅᒋᐸᓂᑭ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲᐃᔑ ᒪᒧᐧᐃᑲᓄᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑎᑭ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᐊᐢᑭᐧᐃ ᑲᐃᔑᒣᓄᓇᐧᑲᑭ ᑲᐃᔑᐱᒋᐸᓂᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᑭ. ᑲᒥᐸᓂᓂᐠ ᑲᓇᑲᒋᑕᐟ ᑲᑭᐅᑎᓇᐟ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐅᒋ ᑲᐃᔑᑲᓄᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑎᑭ ᒋᐅᔑᑕᐟ ᑲᐃᔑᓄᑌᐸᐠ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᒥᓄᐧᐊᓄᐧᐊᑭᐸᐣ ᐸᓯᑕ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ ᓇᑫᑲᒥᐢᑲᑭᐠ ᐁᑲᐁᒥᐧᓄᔑᓂᓂᑭ.
10. ᐁᔭᑕᐧᐊᑲᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ
ᔕᑯᐨ ᐁᔭᑕᐧᐊᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑭᔑᓇᐧᑲᐣ ᒪᒋᐟ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐅᒋᓂᐳᐧᐃᒪᑲᐠ ᓇᐧᐊᐢᒋᑫᐧᐃᐣ, ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐣ ᒋᓂᓯᑐᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᐧᐃᐸᐨ ᐁᑎᑭᒋᐸᓂᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᓇᐧᐊᐢᒋᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᐧᐁᓇ ᑫᐅᑎᓂᑫᐃᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ, ᑕᐣᑕᑐ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᒪᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑫᐅᑎᓂᑫᐟ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᐃᑕᑭᑌᓂᑭ ᑫᑎᐸᐊᐠ ᐯᐯᔭᐠ.
ᔕᑯᐨ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᐃᑕᑭᑌᑭ ᑲᑭᔭᒋᐸᓄ, ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑫᑭᑐᒋᑲᑎᐠ ᑲᐃᑕᑭᑌᑭ ᒋᐧᑲᔭᐢᑯᐸᓂᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᔭᒥᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᑭᓇᐢᑯᒧᓇᓂᐧᐊᐣ ᓂᑲᐣ ᐃᑌᑫ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᐧᐃᑲᐧᑫ ᐊᑕᐧᐊᓄᐧᐊᐠ ᒪᐧᐊᐨ ᐁᒥᐧᓄᔑᐠ ᑫᐃᑕᑭᑌᐠ. ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᐣᓇ ᑲᑭᐊᑕᐧᐊᓄᐧᐊᓇ ᐧᒣᒋᐯᑯᐊᓇ ᑲᔭᐸᒋᑕᐟ ᐅᐅᓇ ᐊᑊᓯᐟ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓱᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑭᑕᐠ ᑫᑭᓄᒋᑕᐟ ᑕᐱᐡᑯᐨ ᑲᑕᐧᐁᐢᑕᒪᑫᐟ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑲᒥᓱᐧᐁᓇᐊᑕᐧᐁᐟ. ᐁᔦᑕᒪᐟ ᑫᑭᓄᒋᑕᐟ ᓇᑕᐧᐊᒣᐤ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᐧᐃᔕᐱᑫᓂᒋ ᐊᐣᑕ ᑲᐃᔑᐅᑎᓂᑲᓄᐧᐊᑭ. ᐁᔦᑕᒪᐟ ᐧᒣᒋ ᐊᓇ ᑫᔭᐸᒋᑕᐟ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᒥᐢᑕᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᒋᒥᐢᐧᑲᐧᐊᒋᐟ ᑲᐅᑎᓂᑫᒋᐠ ᓀᐣᑕ ᒋᓄᒋᑕᔾ ᐊᑕᐁᐧᐃᐊᐢᑯᒧᐧᐃᓇ, ᔕᑯᐨ ᒪᑲ ᑲᑭᐊᓂᒪᑭᑌᐣ.
ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᑕ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᑭᒋ ᓂᑭᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ
ᑲ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ: ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᑕ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᑭᒋ ᓂᑭᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ
ᑲ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ: ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᑕ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᑭᒋ ᓂᑭᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ
ᐅᒪ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᑭᒋ ᓂᑭᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ (GHG ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ) ᔑᑭᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᐊᑐᐢᑲᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑭᒋ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᐠ GHG ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᓇᑭᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐁ ᐃᑲᑌᓂᑲᑌᐠ GHG ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ᙮ ᑭᒋ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑭᒋ ᐅᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᐢ ᑫ ᑭ ᐊᑕᐧᐊᑲᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᓇᐃᐸᓂᐠ ᑭᒋ ᔓᓂᔭᓂᑲᑲᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐅᐡᑭ ᑫᐧᑲᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᔑᑭᐧᑕᒪᑲᐠ ᑭᒋ ᐊᐸᐡᑲᒋᑲᑌᑭ᙮
ᐧᐸᒪᔑ ᒪᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ GHG ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐣᑕ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᑭᒋ ᓂᑭᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐃᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᑎᐟ ᑫᐧᑲᓇ ᑕᐱᐡᑯᐨ ᐅᐅ:
- ᑫ ᑭ ᑐᒋᑲᑌᐧᑫ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ
- ᑫ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫ ᐃᔑ ᒥᐧᓇᔑᑭᐸᐣ
- ᑲᐡᑭᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐸᒋᑕᐧᐃᓇ ᑫ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ
ᑫᒋᓇᐅᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᒋᑭ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᐧᐊᑕᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ
ᒧᓇ ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᑲ ᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᑭᒋ ᓂᑭᓂᑲᑌᐠ GHG ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑕᑭ ᐊᔑᑕᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᐤ ᐊᐣᑕ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ GHG ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᔑᐸ ᑲᓇᑕ ᑭᒋ ᐅᑭᒪ GHG ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲ ᐊᐸᑕᑭ ᐃᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᑎᐱ ᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠᑲᐃᐧᑌᒪᑲᐠᑲᓇᑕᐊᐢᑭᐠ GHG ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ (ᐃᑕᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ) ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑭᒋ ᐅᑭᒪᐤ ᓇᐢᑯᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᑫ ᓄᓱᓀᐃᑕᑲᑌᐧᑲᐸᐣ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᐅᑕ ᐃᑕᔓᐧᐁᐧᐊᓂᐠ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐧᓇ ᐅᓇᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲ ᓇᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᑫ ᓄᓱᓀᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᓇᐢᑯᒧᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐧᓇ ᒪᓯᓇᑌᐧᐊ ᑫ ᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᑲᑭᓇᐤ ᐃᑕᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᓇᐢᑯᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑕ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐸᓂ ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁ ᐧᐊᐧᐁᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᑎ ᓄᒋᑕᑭᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ᙮ ᑕᔑᓀ ᐊᑎ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᐅᐡᑭ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᓇᐃᐸᓂᐠ ᑭᒋ ᐊᑎ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐊᔐᐸᓂᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᐁ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑭᒋ ᑎᐱᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᒋᑭ ᐊᔑᑕᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐅᑭᒪ GHG ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐊᔐᐸᓂᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ, ᐁᐧᑲᓂᒪ ᓂᐢᑕᑦ ᑫ ᑐᒋᑲᑌᑭᐸᐣ ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁ ᐧᐊᐧᐁᓂᑲᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ᙮
ᐁ ᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᑫ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᑭ
ᑫ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑫ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᑭ ᑲᑕ ᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᐸᓂ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑫ ᐃᔑ ᒣᒋᐸᓂᐤ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᐁ ᓄᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐅᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲᑕ ᐊᔑᒋ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐸᐣ ᒣᐧᑲᐨ ᐁ ᓇᑕᐧᐃ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑫ ᑭ ᐃᑭᓂᐧᑫ ᔓᓂᔭᓂᐠ ᐃᑌᑫ ᓇᓇᑲᐤ ᑲᑕ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐤ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᐁ ᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ, ᑲ ᐃᐢᐱᒐᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫ ᐃᔑ ᒪᓂᐸᓂᐠ ᒥᒉᐟ ᐊᓂᐃ ᒣᒋᐸᓂᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐧᓇ ᒣᐧᑲᐨ ᐁ ᐱᑦᐸᓂᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᒣᒋᐸᓂᐃᐧᐁᒪᐧᑲᐧᓇ ᐧᐸᒪᔑ ᔓᓂᔭᓂᑲᑲᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ ᑲ ᐃᐡᑯᐸᓂᐠ ᐊᐣᑕ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᐢ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᒪᐧᐊᐨ ᒥᐢᑕᐃ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᒣᒋᐸᓂᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐠ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᑕᔑᓇᐧᐃᒪᑲᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐸᒋᑕᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐃᑌᑫ:
- ᐁ ᐅᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐨ ᐧᐊᐧᐁᓀᓂᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ. ᓇᐢᑯᒥᑐᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ. ᓇᑕᐧᐃ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᑫ ᑭ ᐃᑭᓂᐧᑫ, ᓇᑕᐧᐃ ᒥᐢᑭᑲᑌᑭ ᐊᐸᒋᑕᐧᐃᓇ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁ ᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᒪᓯᓇᐃᑲᓇ
- ᐁ ᐅᑎᓂᒋᐠ ᑲ ᑲᐡᑭᐅᒋᐠ ᐨ ᐁ ᓇᑕᐧᐃ ᒥᐢᑲᒋᐠ ᑲ ᑲᐡᑭᐅᒋᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑫ ᑭ ᐧᐃᒋᐧᑕᒋᐠ ᐸᐢᑭ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ
- ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᑫ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ - ᐁ ᓇᑕᐧᐊᐸᒥᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᑫ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐟ
- ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ - ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐁᑲ ᓱᑭ ᑭᒋ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᐣ
- ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᑲ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ - ᑎᐸᐸᑫᐃᑲᐣ, ᓇᑕᐧᐃ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᒪᐧᐊᑐᓂᑫᐧᐃᐣ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᑫ ᐊᔐᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ
- ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᐣ - ᐧᐊᐧᐁᓂᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᐢᑭᐊᐢᑲᐤ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᐣ
- ᑫᒋᓇᐅᐧᐃᐣ - ᑭᒋ ᐊᐸᒋᐃᐟ ᐊᐧᐁᓂᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᐣᑕᐧᐃ ᑲᓇᐧᐊᐸᑕᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᓂᐤ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᒋᓇᐅᑐᑕᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃ ᑎᐸᒋᒧᐧᐃᓂᓂᐤ ᐧᐸᒪᔑ ᑭᒋᒋᔕᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᒪᓯᓇᐃᑲᓇ
- ᐁ ᐃᑕᑭᑌᐠ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᐣ - ᐁ ᐊᑕᐧᐊᑫᔭᐣ ᑭ ᒪᓯᓇᐃᑫᐧᐃ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᑊ, ᐁ ᓇᑕᐧᐊᐸᒥᒋᐠ ᑫ ᑭ ᐅᑎᓂᑫᒋᐠ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᓇᐢᑯᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐁ ᐅᑎᓂᑲᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑫᐧᑲᐣ
ᐧᐊᑭᐨ ᒪᑲ, ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᓇᐢᑯᒥᑐᐧᐃᐣ ᑲ ᑭ ᐊᐸᑕᐠ, ᐊᓇ ᑲ ᑭ ᐸᑭᑎᓇᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᓇ ᑲᑕ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᑕᒧᐸᐣ ᑫ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐃᑯᒋᐠ ᐊᓂᑭ ᑲ ᒪᒪᐧᐃ ᐊᐸᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᒥᓄᐸᓂᐃᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲ ᐅᒋᐸᓂᓂᑭ᙮
ᑲ ᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ, ᒪᓯᓇᐃᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᑕᑭ ᑭᓂᐸ ᐊᑕᐧᐊᑲᓂᐧᐊᐧᓇ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᑭᓄᐧᐁᐡ ᓇᐧᐊᐨ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐤ ᐧᐸᒪᔑ ᑭᐢᑫᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᔕᑯᐨ ᐁᑭ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᐁ ᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ, ᑲᑕ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐸᐣ ᑕᐣᑌ ᑫ ᐅᑎᓂᑎᐸᐣ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᑫ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐟ ᐧᐸᒪᔑ ᔓᓂᔭᓂᑫᒪᑲᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ᙮ ᑭᔕᐢᐱᐣ ᐊᓇ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᐊᐧᐊᐊᓱᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᔓᓂᔭᓂᑲᒥᑯᐠ ᐅᒋ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᑲᑦᐸᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ, ᐃᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑕᓀᓂᑯᐠ ᑫ ᑭᐧᐁ ᐸᑭᑎᓂᐟ᙮
ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᑫ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᑲᓇᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲᐢ ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ
ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐧᓇ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᑫᐧᑲᓇ ᑫ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᑲᓇᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐢ᙮ ᐊᓇ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᑲ ᑭ ᐊᐸᒋᐃᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐁ ᐧᐃ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐱᑐᐡ ᑕᑭ ᐊᐸᒋᐊᑲᓂᐧᐃᐸᐣ ᑕᐱᐡᑯᐨ ᐧᐊᐡᑲᐃᑲᓂᑫᐧᐃᓂᐠ, ᔕᓂᔭᐣ ᒧᓇᐃᑫᐧᐃᓂ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᒪᓂᐅᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑫᐧᑲᐣ ᓄᒋᒥᐠ ᐅᒋ᙮ ᔕᑯᐨ ᒪᑲ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᐸᓂᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐧᐃᒋᑕᒪᑲᐣ ᑭᔭᐱᐨ ᑭᒋ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐣᑕᒥᓇᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐃ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᓇᔾ
ᐁᑯ ᐧᐃᓇ ᓄᒋᒥᐧᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ, ᒪᐧᐊᐨ ᒥᐢᑕᐃ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᐁ ᓇᑕᐧᐃ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐁ ᐃᐢᐱᒐᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐢ, ᐁ ᓇᓇᑲᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᑫ ᐅᔑᐅᒪᑲᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐢ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᒪᑲ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᑫᐧᑲᐣ ᐊᐣᑌ ᓄᒋᒥᐠ᙮ ᐃᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᐊᑐᑎᐟ ᐊᐧᐁᓂᑲᐣ ᑲ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᐠ ᐁ ᐃᑕᑎᓯᒪᑲᐠ ᓄᒋᒥᐠ᙮
ᐊᓂᒪ ᑲᓇᐧᐁᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐢ ᐃᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᓇᓂᓴᓀᓂᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ ᑲ ᑲᓇᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᒥᓇ ᑭᒋ ᑭᐧᐁᐸᓂᐠ ᓀᑌ ᐃᐡᐱᒥᐠ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ (ᑭᐧᐁᐸᓂᐤ ᑲ ᐃᐧᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ) ᐁᐧᑲᓂ ᐧᐁᒋ ᐧᐊᐧᐁᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑭᒋ ᐅᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᓇᓇᑲᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᓂᒪ ᔑᑭᐧᐁᐸᓂᐠ᙮
ᐃᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᓄᐧᐁᐠ ᑭᒋ ᓇᓇᑲᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᑭ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑫ ᑭ ᑭᐁᐧᐸᓂᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑭᒋ ᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᑲ ᐃᐧᑌᒪᑲᑭ ᐃᑕᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ᙮ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐅᑭᒪᐤ ᐅᓇᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᐃᐧᑌᒪᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᓇᓇᑲᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ 100 ᐱᐳᐣ ᑲ ᐃᐡᐧᑲ ᑭᔑᐱᐸᓂᑭ ᐊᓂᐃ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᐢ᙮
ᐊᓂᐃ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᐢ ᐃᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᐊᑕᐧᐊᑲᓂᐧᐊᑭ ᑭᒋᑭ ᔓᓂᔭᓂᑲᑲᓂᐧᐊᑭ ᐊᓂᐃ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᓴ᙮ ᐧᐃᐸᐨ ᐁ ᒥᐢᑲᐟ ᐊᐧᐁᓂᑲᐣ ᑫ ᐅᑎᓂᑫᐟ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲᑕ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᔓᓂᔭᓂ ᑫᒋᓇᐅᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᑫ ᐃᑕᑭᑌᐠ ᐧᐃᓇᐧᐊᐤ ᑲᑕ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᐧᒪᐠ ᐊᓂᑭ ᑲ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᒋᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒧᓇ ᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᑕᔑᓀ ᐊᑎ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐧᓇ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᐊᑕᐧᑕᑲᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐢ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᓇᑫ ᑲᑕ ᐊᑎ ᐊᒋᐸᓂᐤ ᐁ ᐃᑕᔑᒋᐠ ᑫ ᐊᓂᑭ ᐅᑎᓂᑫᒋᐠ ᐁ ᐊᑎ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᐣᑭ ᐊᓂᐃ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᐢ᙮
ᐊᓂᑭ ᑫ ᑭ ᐊᑎᓂᑫᒋᐠ ᐁᐧᑲᓂᑭ ᑲᑦᐸᓂᔭᐠ, ᑭᒋ ᐅᑭᒪᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᐊᐧᐁᓂᑲᓇᐠ ᑲ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᑯᓯᒋᐠ ᑭᒋ ᐊᐸᒋᑕᒋᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᐢ ᐅᓇᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃᓇ ᐅᒋ (ᐅᓇᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃ ᓄᓱᓀᐊᒧᐧᐃ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᐣ), ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᑲ ᐧᐃ ᔐᑫᐣ ᑐᑕᑭᐠ (ᔐᑫᐣ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐧᐃᐣ᙮) ᐁ ᓇᑭᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑲ ᐃᑕᔓᐧᐊᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲ ᐃᐡᐸᑫᔭᐸᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲ ᐊᑎ ᐃᑕᑭᑌᐠ ᑲᕐᐱᐣ ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲᐢ ᑲᑕ ᐊᑎ ᐊᓂᒪᑭᑌᐤ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᐢ, ᔕᑯᐨ ᒪᑲ ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑭᒋ ᐅᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑫᑎ ᐃᑭᐠ ᓂᑲᐣ ᐃᑌᑫ᙮
ᓇᓇᐧᑲᔦᐠ ᑐᒋᑲᑌᐤ ᐁ ᐊᑕᐧᐊᑲᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᐢ, ᐁ ᐊᑕᒥᐟ ᐊᓇ ᑲ ᐧᐃᐊᐸᒋᑕᐟ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᐊᑕᐧᐁᐢᑕᒪᑫᐧᐃᐣ᙮ ᐅᐅ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᓇᓇᑲᐤ ᐃᐢᐱᑌᐣᑕᐧᑲᐧᓇ, ᐊᑕᐧᐊᑫᐧᐃ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᑕᑭᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ, ᑫ ᑭ ᐃᑕᑭᑌᐠ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᒋᓇᐅᐧᐃᐣ ᓇᑫ᙮
ᑲᓇᑕ ᐅᑭᒪ GHG ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐊᔐᐸᓂᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐊᔭᐤ ᑫ ᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑭᒋ ᒥᓄᐸᓂᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑕ ᐊᔑᒋ ᒪᒥᑐᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐸᐣ ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁ ᐧᐊᐧᐁᓀᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ᙮
ᒪᒧᐧᐃᓂᑫᐧᐃᐣ
ᑲᓇᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ GHG ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐅᒋ ᐸᑭᑎᓇᑦ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᐯᔭᐧᑲᐣ ᑲ ᑐᑕᒥᓂᒋ ᑭᒋ ᒪᒧᐧᐃᓂᑐᓂᒋ (ᒪᒧᐧᐃᓂᑐᒋᐠ) ᑭᔕᐢᐱᐣ ᐯᔭᐧᑲᐣ ᑎᐱᑐᒋᑲᑌᑫ ᐊᐢᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᒧᓇ ᒥᐢᑕᐃ ᑲᑕ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐤ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᑕ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐣ ᐁ ᐊᔑᑕᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ, ᐁ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᑲᒋᑲᑌᐠ, ᓇᓇᑲᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ, ᑎᐸᒋᒧᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᒋᓇᐅᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᒋᑫᐣ ᑲᑕ ᒥᓄᐸᓂᐤ ᔓᓂᔭᓂᐠ ᐃᑌᑫ ᑫ ᐃᑭᑭᐸᐣ ᐧᐃᓇ ᐯᔭᑯ ᓄᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ᙮
ᔕᓂᔭᓂ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᑐᐧᐃᓇ
ᐊᐢᑲᐤ ᐊᓇ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᑲ ᑭᐧᐁᐱᑎᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐊᓂᐠ ᒧᓇ ᒥᔑᑭᑎᐤ ᑭᒋ ᓂᐸᐧᐃᐢᑕᒪᓱᒪᑲᐠ ᔓᓂᔭᓂᐠ ᐃᑌᑫ᙮ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲ ᑭ ᐊᔑᑕᓯᓇᐃᑲᑌᑭ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ GHG ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᔓᓂᔭᓂ ᐊᐧᐊᐊᓱᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑕᑭ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐣ ᐱᑐᐡ ᑭᒋ ᐅᑎᓂᐟ ᔕᓂᔭᐣ ᑌᐱᓇᐠ ᐊᓇ ᑲ ᐸᑭᑎᓇᐟ ᔕᓂᔭᓇ ᑭᒋ ᒪᒥᒋᒥᐟ ᐁ ᑭ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑭᒋ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐁᑲ ᐧᐊᓇᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐠ ᐃᑕᔓᐧᐁᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᔑᒋᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐸᐢᑭ ᑲ ᐅᒋ ᑭᐧᐁᐱᑎᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᑲ ᑭ ᐊᑭᑎᓂᐟ᙮ ᔐᐸᓂᐤ ᒪᑲ ᐱᑐᐡ ᑭᒋ ᐅᑎᓂᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐅᒋ ᒋᑭ ᐊᔭᐊᐟ ᐁᑲ ᑲ ᑭᐧᐁ ᐸᑭᑎᓂᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᓀᐢᑕᐱᑯ ᑫ ᔑᑫᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᒥᐢᑲᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᐊᐧᐁᓂᑲᐣ ᑫ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᐟ ᔓᓂᔭᓂᐠ ᐃᑌᑫ᙮ ᔕᑯᐨ ᒪᑲ, ᒥᒉᐟ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᔓᓂᔭᐣ ᑲ ᐅᑎᓂᐟ ᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᒪᒧᐧᐃ ᑎᐸᐃᑲᓂᐧᐊᐟ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᐧᐃᓇ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐧᐃᓇᐧᐊᐤ ᑭᒋ ᒪᒥᒋᒥᒋᐠ ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁ ᑲᐡᑭᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑭᒋ ᐊᒍᐧᐁᐸᓂᐠ GHG ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᑫᒋᓇᐅᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐁᑲ ᓂᐧᔓ ᑭᒋ ᐊᑭᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲ ᑭ ᐊᒍᐧᐁᓂᑲᑌᐠ GHG ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮
ᔑᑭᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᐱᑐᐡ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᓂᐠ
ᑕᑭ ᐃᑭᐣ ᑭᒋ ᐸᑎ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᑯᑕᑭᔭ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᓴ ᑫ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᓇᒪᑲᑭ ᐱᑐᐡ ᐊᑐᐢᑫᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᒧᓇ ᐱᑯ ᐁ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᑲ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᑭ ᑕᐱᐡᑯᐨ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᓇᓇᑲᐧᐃᓇᐧᑲᐠ ᓄᒋᒪᐢᑲᒥᐠ ᐱᒪᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᐁ ᐧᐃ ᐃᔑ ᒥᓄᓇᑯᑕᓂᐧᐊᐟ ᑕᔑᑫᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᓂᐱ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐠ ᐱᑐᐡ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᐃᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᑎᐱᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᓇᑕᐧᑲᓂᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᐱᑐᐡ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ GHG ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᓂᑫᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮ ᒪᓇᒋᑕᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐢᑭ ᓇᓇᑲᒋᑕᐧᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑕᑭ ᐊᐸᑕᐧᓇ ᑭᒋ ᓇᑲᐡᑫᒪᑲᑭ ᐊᐣᑌ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑐᐧᐃ ᐊᑎᐟ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ᙮ ᑭᔕᐢᐱᐣ ᓇᐃᐸᓂᑫ, ᒥᓯᐧᐁ ᒋᑭ ᑎᐱᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐃᔑᓇᑯᑕ ᐊᐣᑕ ᑭᑕᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮
ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᓂᑲᓂᑲᑕᑭᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᐊᔑᒋᐸᓂᐃᒋᐠ ᐃᑕᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ
ᐁ ᓂᓯᑕᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᐧᐊᑯᑕᑭᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐢᑭᓂᐤ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲ ᑭ ᐯᒋ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᑭᐠ ᐅᑕᓇᐠ ᐊᐢᑭᓂᐤ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᓄᐨ ᑲ ᐃᔑᓇᐧᑲᓂᓂᐠ, ᑕᑭ ᐊᔑᑎᓂᑲᑌᐤ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐅᑭᒪᐤ ᐅᓇᐢᑯᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᑭᒋ ᐊᔑᒋ ᐧᐃᒋᐧᑕᒋᐠ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐢᑭ ᐃᓂᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑕᔑᓀ ᑭᒋ ᓇᓇᑲᒋᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒥᓄᐱᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᑲ ᓇᓂᓴᒣᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁ ᐧᐊᐧᐁᓇᐢᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠᑫᐧᑲᐣ᙮ ᐅᐅ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᑲᑕ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᐧᓇ ᐁᑲ ᒥᒉᐟ ᑭᒋ ᐊᑎ ᐊᔭᒋ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᓴ ᐊᓂᑭ ᐊᐧᐁᓂᑲᓇᐠ ᐃᐣᔓᕐᕆᐣᐢ ᑲ ᐃᑎᒋᐠ ᑲ ᐧᐃ ᐃᔑ ᑭᐧᐁ ᐸᑭᑎᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐧᑲᔭᐢᑯ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ᙮
ᑕᐧᐯᐧᐃᐣ
ᐊᑕ ᐁᑲ ᐁ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑕᐧᐯᐧᐃᐣ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐊᔐᐸᓂᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ, ᔕᑯᐨ ᐃᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᐃᑕᐟ ᐊᐧᐁᓂᑲᐣ ᐁ ᑲᐡᑭᐅᐟ ᑫ ᑕᐧᐯᑐᑕᐠ ᐊᓂᒣᓂᐤ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᓂᐠ ᒋᑭ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᓂᓂᐠ ᑭᒋ ᐊᔐᐸᓂᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒋᑭ ᐊᔑᑕᓯᓇᑌᐠ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᒪᓯᓇᑌᑭ ᓚᐃᓯᐣᐢ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᐸᓂᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓇᓇᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮
ᑫᒋᓇᐅᓇᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑎᐱ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑲᐡᑭᐅᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᐸᒋᑕᐧᐃᓇ
ᐁ ᐅᔑᑕᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᐠ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑭᓄᐧᐁᐡ ᐃᐢᐸᓂᐤ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑭᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐧᐊᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒥᒉᐟ ᐊᐸᒋᑕᐧᐃᓇ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐧᓇ᙮ ᑭᒋ ᒥᓄᐸᓂᐠ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑲᐡᑭᐅᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᒥᐢᑭᑲᑌᑭ ᐊᐸᒋᑕᐧᐃᓇ ᑲ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐅᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ᙮ ᓇᑕᐧᐃ ᒥᐢᑲ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᒪᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑭᐢᑭᓄᐊᒪᓱᐧᐊᑫ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᓄᐨ ᑲ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᑭ᙮ ᐃᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᐃᔑ ᑲᓇᐧᐁᓂᒋᑲᑌᑭ ᒪᓯᓇᐃᑲᓇ ᑲ ᐃᔑ ᒪᓯᓇᑌᑭ ᐅᐅ ᑐᐧᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᐣᑕ ᑲᓇᑕ ᐊᐢᑭᐠ ᑫ ᐅᒋ ᐊᒍᐧᐃᓂᑲᑌᐟ ᐱᒋᐳᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᓀᐧᐃᓂᐠ (GHG ᑲ ᐃᒋᑲᑌᐠ) ᒪᓯᓇᐃᑲᐣ
ᑭᔕᐢᐱᐣ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᒪᓀ ᑭᒋ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᑲᐧᐃᔦᐣ ᐁ ᐅᔑᑕᔦᐤ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᔓᓂᔭᓂᐠ ᐃᑌᑫ, ᓇᑕᐧᐊᐸᒥᐠ ᐊᓂᑭ ᐯᔭᐧᑲᐣ ᑲ ᐧᐃ ᑐᑕᑭᐠ ᑫ ᑭ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐢᑭᐠ ᑭᒋ ᐊᑎ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᒪᐣ ᑭᒋ ᑲᑫᑕᐧᐁ ᐧᐊᐧᐁᓀᓂᑕᒪᐣ
ᐃᐢᐱ ᐁ ᐃᑌᓂᑕᒪᐣ ᑭᒋ ᐧᐃᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᒪᐟ ᐅᒣᓂᐤ ᑐᐧᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᓂᐤ ᑲ ᓄᒋᑕᐟ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᑭᒋ ᐸᔦᑌ ᓂᓯᑐᑕᒪᐣ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑐᑕᒧᐧᐃᓇ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐃᑌᓂᑕᑯᓯᐧᐃᓇ᙮ ᑭᓄᐧᐁᐡ ᑕᑭ ᐱᑦᐸᓂᐤ ᐊᓂᒪ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᑲ ᓇᑲᐡᑫᒪᑲᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑭᐢᑌᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᐊᓂᑭ ᑲ ᐧᐃᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᒥᒋᐠ ᑭᒋ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᑭᐠ ᑫ ᐃᔑ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒋᐠ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲ ᓇᓀᓴᓀᓂᑕᐧᑲᓂᓂᑭ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ᙮
ᑫ ᑲᐧᑫᒋᒥᒋᐠ ᐊᓂᑭ ᑲ ᐧᐃ ᐊᔑᒋᒋᐠ:
- ᑕᓀᔑ ᑭᐢᑫᓂᑕᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑐᐧᐃ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓇ ᐊᓇ ᑲ ᐧᐃᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᒪᐟ?
- ᑕᓂ ᑫᑐᒋᑲᑌᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᑲ ᐧᐃᒋᐃᐧᐁᒪᑲᑭ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑲ ᓇᓂᓴᓀᓂᑕᐧᑲᑭ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ?
- ᑕᓂ ᑫ ᐃᑭᐠ ᐊᐣᑕ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᑭᔓᐢᐱᐣ ᒥᒉᐟ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᒐᑲᐧᐊᔑᐡ ᐃᓂᑯᐠ ᑫ ᐊᑕᐧᐊᑲᓂᐧᐊᐠ ᑲ ᑭ ᐃᑌᓂᒋᑲᑌᐠ?
- ᐊᓇ ᑲ ᐧᐃᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᒪᐟ ᑭ ᒥᐢᑲᐧᐁᐤ ᓇ ᐊᐧᐁᓂᑲᓇ ᑫ ᑭ ᐅᑎᓂᑫᓂᒋ ᐊᓂᐃ ᓚᐃᓯᓂᓴ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᑕᓀᐢᐱᒋ ᑫᒋᓇᔦᓂᑕᐧᑲᐠ ᑕᐣᑕᑐ ᑫ ᑭ ᐊᑕᐧᐊᑫᐟ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑫᐃᑕᑭᑌᓂᑭ?
- ᑕᓀᓂᑯᐠ ᑫ ᐱᒧᑌᒪᑲᐠ ᑭᓇᐢᑯᒥᑐᐧᐃᓂᐧᐊᐤ, ᓀᐢᑕ ᐱᑯ ᑕᑭ ᐱᑯᓂᑲᑌᐤ ᓇ?
ᐧᑲᔭᐢᐠ ᓄᒥᑕ ᑭᑕᐸᑎᓯᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᑭᔕᐢᐱᐣ ᓇᐃᐸᓂᑫ, ᐊᔭᒥᐃᐠ ᐊᓂᑭ ᑲ ᑭ ᐧᐃᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᒪᒋᐠ ᐊᓂᐃ ᐊᓄᐨ ᑲ ᐧᐃᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᒪᐟ᙮ ᓇᑕᐧᐃ ᐊᔭᒥ ᑲ ᐊᔭᒥᐢᑕᒪᑫᐟ ᐧᐸᒪᔑ ᓇᐢᑯᒧᑐᑕᒪᐣ ᑫᐧᑲᐣ᙮ ᐧᐃᒋ ᐊᐸᑎᓯᒥᑐᐧᐃᓂᐠ ᐣᑕᐧᐁᓂᑕᐧᑲᐣ ᐧᐊᐧᐃᑕᒪᑐᐧᐃᐣ ᓀᐢᑕ ᐧᐊᐧᐃᒋᐃᑐᐧᐃᐣ᙮
ᐅᐦᑎᓯᐏᐣ / ᐊᑭᐦᑖᒪᑫᐏᐣ | ᐃᑕᑭᒪᐏᐣ ᒣᑐᓂ ᑫᐦᒋᓈᐦᐅᐏᐣ | ᑯᐨîᐏᐣ | |
---|---|---|---|
ᑭᐦᒋᐍ ᑲ âᐸᐨᐦîᑕᒋᐠ | ᐃᐢᐸᐤ | ᒐᐸᐦᒑᓯᐣ | ᐃᐢᐸᐤ |
ᓱᓂᔭᐤîᓂᐘᐠ / ᐊᑕᐘᑫᐤîᓀᐤ | ᐋᐱᐦᑕᐤ ᐃᓂᑯᕽ | ᒐᐸᐦᒑᓯᐣ | ᒐᐸᐦᒑᓯᐣ |
ᔭᐦᑯᐤ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐃᑲᐣ | ᐋᐱᐦᑕᐤ ᐃᓂᑯᕽ | ᐃᐢᐸᐤ | ᐋᐱᐦᑕᐤ ᐃᓂᑯᕽ |
Government of Canada
- Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Offset Credit System
- Indigenous climate and environmental funding
- Searchable list of federal funding programs available to support Indigenous climate action
- Nature Smart Climate Solutions Fund
- Agricultural programs and services
External Links
- Nature Based Solutions: Indigenous-led Conservation and Carbon Storage in Canada
- Conservation through Reconciliation Partnership
- IPCA Knowledge Basket
- Finance for Forests - A Guide to Conservation Finance Options for First Nations’ Conservation and Stewardship
- RAD Network
- First Nations Carbon Toolkit
- Indigenous Leadership Initiative
- Coastal First Nations Great Bear Initiative – Carbon Credits
- Cheakamus Community Forest Carbon Offsets
- Provincial Offset Programs
- Alberta Emission Offset System
- Program Authority: Alberta Environment and Parks – Climate Change and Implementation Branch
- British Columbia Greenhouse Gas Emission Offset System
- Program Authority: British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy - Climate Action Secretariat
- Quebec – Offsets Component of the Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade System
- Program Authority: Quebec Ministry of the Environment and the Fight against Climate Change
- Alberta Emission Offset System
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