Climate Trends and Variations Bulletin – Spring 2025
Spring 2025 bulletin (PDF, 849 KB)
This bulletin summarizes recent climate data and presents it in a historical context. It first examines the national average temperature for the season and then highlights interesting regional temperature information.
Over the past decade, precipitation monitoring technology has evolved and Environment and Climate Change Canada and its partners implemented a transition from manual observations to using automatic precipitation gauges. Extensive data integration is required to link the current precipitation observations to the long term historical manual observations. The update and reporting of historical adjusted precipitation trends and variations will be on temporary hiatus pending the extensive data reconciliation, and will resume thereafter. ECCC remains committed to providing credible climate data to inform adaptation decision-making, while ensuring the necessary data reconciliation occurs as monitoring technology evolves.
Temperature departures and rankings data table (CSV, 10 KB)
Temperature trends and extremes data table (CSV, 2 KB)
National Temperature
The national average temperature for the spring (March-May) of 2025 was 1.3°C above the baseline average (defined as the mean over the 1961–1990 reference period), based on preliminary data, which ranked as the 17th warmest observed spring since nationwide recording began in 1948. The spring of 2010 continues to be the warmest on record, where the national average temperature was 4.0°C above the baseline average. The spring with the coolest average temperature departure was in 1974 where the national average temperature was 2.0°C below the baseline average. The temperature departure map for the spring of 2025 shows that a large proportion of Canada recorded temperatures near the baseline average with coastal areas of Canada experiencing temperature departures between 1°C and 2°C above the baseline average. Provinces such as Alberta, Yukon, and British Colombia experienced temperature departure between 1°C to 3°C above the baseline average. Meanwhile, northern Ontario, Quebec, and central Manitoba measured temperature departures near the baseline average. Significant temperature departures greater than 3°C above the baseline average were recorded in the high north of Nunavut.
Temperature Departures from the 1961–1990 Average – Spring 2025
Long description
The temperature departure map for the spring of 2025 shows that a large portion of Canada recorded temperatures near the baseline average, with coastal areas of Canada experiencing temperature departures between 1°C and 2°C above the baseline average. Provinces such as Alberta, Yukon, and British Columbia experienced temperature departures between 1°C to 3°C above the baseline average. Meanwhile, the largest temperature departures, more than 3°C above the baseline average, were recorded in the high north of Nunavut.
The time series graph shows that averaged spring temperatures across the country have fluctuated from year to year over the 1948–2025 period. The average spring temperatures have remained above the baseline average since 2014 which was the last time the average nationwide spring temperature was recorded below average. The linear trend indicates that spring temperatures averaged across Canada have warmed by 1.8°C over the past 78 years.
Spring National Temperature Departures and Long-term Trend, 1948–2025
Long description
The time series graph shows that average spring temperatures across the country have fluctuated from year to year over the 1948–2025 period. The average spring temperatures have remained above the baseline average since 2014, which was the last time the average nationwide spring temperature was recorded below average. The linear trend indicates that spring temperatures averaged across Canada have warmed by 1.8°C over the past 78 years.
Regional Temperature
When examined on a regional basis, one region recorded an average spring temperature in 2025 that ranked among the 10 warmest on record, since 1948. This region was the South British Colombia Mountains which ranked 9th warmest with a temperature departure 1.6 degrees above the baseline average. None of the eleven climate regions experienced a spring temperature for 2025 that ranked among the 10 coolest since 1948. All eleven climate regions exhibit positive trends for spring temperatures based on the past 78 years of record. The climate region that experienced the lowest spring temperature departure this year was the North-eastern Forest region (+0.5°C). The strongest regional trend is observed in the Mackenzie District and North British Colombia / Yukon regions (+2.5°C), while the weakest trend (+1.1°C) is found in the Atlantic Canada region.
Tables are available through the links at the top of the page or upon request at: btvc-ctvb@ec.gc.ca.
The map of Canadian Climate Regions
Long description
A map that shows the Canadian Climate Regions: Atlantic Canada, Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Lowlands, Northeastern Forest, Northwestern Forest, Prairies, South British Columbia Mountains, Pacific Coast, North British Columbia Mountains/Yukon, Mackenzie District, Arctic Tundra, Arctic Mountains and Fiords.
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