Turkey Lakes Watershed Study reference list: 1983


83-01 Collins, R.H., R.J. Love, J.R.M. Kelso, J.H. Lipsit, and J.E. Moore. Phytoplankton production, as estimated by the 14C technique, and populations contributing to production 1980/81 in the Turkey Lakes Watershed. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. and Aquat. Sci., No. 1191, 23 pp, 1983. 

Summary

Phytoplankton production was estimated for the ice-free seasons of 1980 and 1981 in each of the lakes in the TLW. Production was observed to increase downstream. Species contributing to production were identified. Highest summer production generally followed the shift of Cyanophyte species.

83-02 Rao, S.S. and B.J. Dutka. Influence of acid precipitation on bacterial populations in lakes. Hydrobiologia 98: 153-157, 1983.

Summary

Bacterial abundance was measured in acid stressed soft water and non-acid stressed hard water lakes. Population densities for nitrogen and sulphur cycle bacteria were nearly an order of magnitude lower in acid stressed waters. Surface sediments in acid stressed lakes contained 3- to 4-fold more organic matter compared to non-stressed lakes. Methodology and data are presented.

83-03 Semkin, R.G., and D.S. Jeffries. Rock chemistry in the Turkey Lakes Watershed. Turkey Lakes Watershed Unpublished Report No. 83-03, 9 pp, 1983.

Summary

Major and trace element content for 14 rock samples from TLW is reported. Most of the bedrock was determined to be tholeiitic basalt that has undergone regional metamorphism. Minor occurrences of sulphide mineralization were observed which was reflected in elevated Pb, Zn, and Hg content.

83-04 Jeffries, D.S. Lake evaporation and energy budgets in the Turkey Lakes Watershed (1980-81). Turkey Lakes Watershed Unpublished Report No. 83-04, 57 pp, 1983.

Summary

A summary is presented of the meteorlogical and lake temperature data required to calculate an energy budget and lake evaporation for each of the five lake basins in the TLW for 1980 and 1981. The evaporation estimated by this means is compared to other estimates from evaporation pan measurements (Hydrological Atlas) and Morton's WEVAP model. The magnitude and variation of the components of the energy budgets are discussed. Data compilation and budget calculation methodologies are also presented.

83-05 Jeffries, D.S., and R.G. Semkin. Data Report: Major ion composition of lake outflows and major streams in the Turkey Lakes Watershed (January 1980-May 1982). Turkey Lakes Watershed Unpublished Report No. 83-05, 30 pp, 1983. 

Summary

Major ion data for stream stations S0 to S5 for the period January 1980 to May 1982, are presented. Sampling, analytical, data storage and editing methods are briefly outlined. Charge balance and theoretical conductivity calculations are also provided.

83-06 Jeffries, D.S. (ed.). Study Progress Report for 1982. Turkey Lakes Watershed Unpublished Report No. 83-06, 38 pp, 1983.

Summary

Report is a compilation of 22 individual progress reports covering work done in 1982. Atmospheric, aquatic, terrestrial, biological, and modelling components of the study are all covered.

83-07 Foster, N.W. and J.A. Nicolson. Acid precipitation and vegetation interaction in the Turkey Lake Forest Watershed. Can. For. Serv. Res. Notes, 3(2): 6-7, 1983.

Summary

The magnitude of the chemical changes of precipitation as it passes through the forest canopy and near surface soils is discussed. Data for 1980 and 1981 were analyzed. Tables of mean concentrations and inter-element correlations are presented.

83-08 Cowell, D.W. and G.M. Wickware. Preliminary analyses of soil chemical and physical properties, Turkey Lakes Watershed, Algoma, Ontario. Turkey Lakes Watershed Unpublished Report No. 83-08, 25 pp, 1983.

Summary

Report provides data and interpretation for soil and morphological analyses of 10 upland sampling sites in TLW. Soil profiles have been classified according to the Canadian System. Podzolization is well advanced in all the soils (C horizons occur at 80 cm or deeper) and is attributed to the high moisture holding capacity of the loamy soils and relatively high rainfall. Sulphate adsorption is not considered significant.

83-09 Kusmirski, R.T. and D.W. Cowell. Mineralogy of subsoil samples, Turkey Lakes Watershed, Ontario. Turkey Lakes Watershed Unpublished Report No. 83-09, 30 pp, 1983.

Summary

Report presents data and interpretation of the mineralogy of 20 subsoil and gravel pit samples collected within or near the TLW. The parent bedrock from which these unconsolidated deposits were derived is also inferred. The samples were dominated by material which is mineralogically similar to felsic igneous rocks rather than the mafic rock underlying most of the watershed. It is suggested that the material was transported glacially into the TLW from areas to the north and northeast.

83-10 Jeffries, D.S. and R.G. Semkin. Changes in snowpack, stream, and lake chemistry during snowmelt in the Turkey Lakes Watershed. VDI-Berichte 500: 377-386, 1983.

Summary

This report examines the effect of snowmelt on stream chemistry at station S1 and Batchawana Lake (south) for 1981 and 1982. The meteorological conditions leading to snowmelt are present along with variations in the ionic composition of the snowpack, and stream and lakewaters. Interaction of meltwaters with the soils in suggested to be the major factor controlling the observed variations in chemistry.

83-11 Jeffries, D.S, R.G. Semkin, R. Neureuther, and M.D. Jones. Data Report: Major ion composition of lakes in the Turkey Lakes Watershed (January 1980-May 1982). Turkey Lakes Watershed Unpublished Report No. 83-11, 9 pp. (+ 5 Tables), 1983.

Summary

Major ion data for the main sampling stations in Batchawana (North and South), Wishart, Little Turkey and Turky Lakes (stations L1 to L5, respectively) are presented for the period January 1980 to May 1981. Information specific to the collection of lake samples and computer storage of the data is also provided.

83-12 Booty, W.G. Watershed acidification model and the soil acid neutralization capacity concept. Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Geology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, 194 pp, 1983.

Summary

Report presents computer simulation model for predicting movement of water and chemical constituents through a watershed. The model uses a measured acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) for the soils in the watershed and has been applied to the Batchawana Lake basin. Along with flows, the model predicts lakewater pH, snowpack and snowmelt chemistry and stream water pH. Acidification rate was primarily controlled by soil infiltration rates, soil depth, and ANC.

83-13 Foster, N.W., J.A. Nicolson, and I.K. Morrison. Acid deposition and element cycling in eastern North America forests. Proc. Conf. on Acid Rain and For. Resourc., Quebec City, 1983.

Summary

Report presents a review of the current knowledge of the relationship between atmospheric deposition of acids and element fluxes in major eastern North American forests. Nitrogen and sulphur are emphasized and the TLW forest is used as a point of reference. Information from several other locations is also presented.

83-14 Wickware, G.M. and D.W. Cowell. Forest ecosystem classification of the Turkey Lakes Watershed, Ontario. Can. Dep. Environ., Environ. Cons. Serv., Lands Dir., Eco. Land. Class. Ser. No 18, 33 pp. (+ Map), 1985.

Summary

Report presents classification of forest sites in the TLW into 17 major vegetation types and 9 major soil types. Subsequent ordination of the types suggested that complex environmental gradients were present related to elevation, slope position, soil moisture, texture, and nutrients. Soil classification considered variables such as texture, thickness, and type of both mineral and organic horizons as well as various chemical properties.

83-15 VanLoon, G.W., G.K. Rutherford, and A.B. Stewart. The degeneration effects of acid precipitation on two important eastern Canadian forest soils. Final Report, DSS Contract ISU80-00350, 336 pp, 1983.

Summary

Report presents preliminary information on the effect of "watering" reconstituted soil profiles and field plots with simulated rainfall; pH's = 5.7, 3.5, and 2.0. Cation leaching, loss of organic matter, effect on sulphur and nitrogen cycles, etc., are discussed, as well as the differing results from the laboratory vs field experiments. Soils from both the TLW and the Montmorency Forest (Quebec) were studied.

83-16 Nicolson, J.A. Ion movement in terrestrial basins in the Turkey Lakes Forest Watershed. Proc. Conf. on Acid Rain and For. Resourc., Quebec City, 1983. (see 91-04).

Summary

Report discusses stream composition, flow, export from, and mass balances for 20 small terrestrial basins in the TLW. Streams draining the basins with the shallowest soils generally had the lowest pH, alkalinity and conductivity. Considering input-output budgets, the basins were observed to retain nitrogen, lose basic cations, and be in approximate balance for sulphate. Chemical variability among the streams was large.

83-17 Foster, N.W. and J.A. Nicolson. Ion transfer through a tolerant hardwood canopy, Turkey Lakes Watershed, Ontario. Proc. Conf. Acid Rain and For. Resourc., Quebec City, 1983. (see 91-05).

Summary

The ionic composition of bulk precipitation, throughfall, and stemflow was determined and compared for 1981 in the sugar maple-yellow birch forest which dominates the TLW. During the dormant (leafless) season, throughfall and precipitation were similar except for K+, while during the growing season throughfall was depleted in H+ and NO3- and enriched in Ca2+, K+, and SO4 relative to precipitation. Throughfall was the major process of element transfer to the soil; stemflow accounted for only 1-10%. Comparison of results from other North American hardwood forests is presented.

83-18 Morrison, I.K. Biomass and macroelements in a tolerant hardwood stand, Turkey Lakes Watershed, Ontario. Proc. Conf. Acid Rain and For. Resourc., Quebec City, 1983. (see 91-03).

Summary

Report presents data on the distribution of standing-crop biomass and of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S in the tree components of an old-growth sugar maple-yellow birch forest. Element flux via litterfall is discussed for a 3-year period. The distribution of total organic matter and elements in the forest floor is also presented as well as the role of litterfall in replenishing bases removed by leaching and plant uptake.

83-19 Maguire, R.J., Y.K. Chau, G.A. Bengert, E.J. Hale, P.T.S. Wong and O. Kramar. Occurrence of organotin compounds in Ontario lakes and rivers. Environ. Sci. Technol., 16(10): 698-702, 1982.

Summary

Report presents first-time identification of butyltin and methyltin species in lakes, rivers, and harbours in Ontario including the TLW. Data for both unfiltered lakewater and the surface micro-layer are provided. It is suggested that occurrence of organotins in the remote TLW may be due to atmospheric transport. The lakes sampled are only identified by a number; they correspond as follows: #1 = Batchawana N.; #2 = Batchawana S.; #3 = Wishart; #4 = Little Turkey, and #5 = Turkey Lake.

83-20 Maguire, R.J. Butyltin compounds and inorganic tin in sediments in Ontario. Environ. Sci. Technol., 18: 291-294, 1984.

Summary

Report presents method for anlysis of butyltin and inorganic tin species in sediments. Data are given for sediments collected from various lakes, rivers, and harbours in Ontario including the TLW (see 83-19). The presence of certain organotin species in harbour sediments shows that some butyltin species can be methylated in aquatic environments.

83-21 Craig, D., and L.M. Johnston. Turkey Lakes groundwater study: aquifer materials and hydrogeological instrumentation. Turkey Lakes Watershed Unpublished Report No. 83-21, 20 pp, 1983.

Summary

Report presents a summary and description of the aquifer materials and hydrogeological instrumentation that has been installed in the TLW.

83-22 Craig, D., L.M. Johnston, and D.J. Bottomley. Acid precipitation and groundwater: an overview of potential problems in eastern Canada. Turkey Lakes Watershed Unpublished Report No. 83-22, 12 pp, 1983.

Summary

Report presents a discussion of the problem of groundwater acidification in Scandinavia and compares it to what is currently being observed in specific areas of northern Ontario, including the TLW, Muskoka-Haliburton, and Chalk River.

83-23 Bottomley, D.J., D. Craig, and L.M. Johnston. Neutralization of acid runoff by groundwater discharge to streams in Canadian Precambrian Shield watersheds. J. Hydrol. 75: 1-16, 1984.

Summary

Report presents an application of environmental isotope techniques during storm and snowmelt runoff from the Harp Lake and Turkey Lakes watersheds which indicate that sub-surface, pre-event water is a major component of the runoff hydrograph. Because the alkalinity of groundwater is large compared to the precipitation acidity of these regions, groundwater discharge results in significant neutralization of runoff acidity.

83-24 Foster, N.W., I.K. Morrison, and J.A. Nicolson. Acid precipitation - forest ecosystem studies at the Turkey Lakes Watershed. For. Res. Newsl., GLFRC, 8 pp, Summer 1983.

Summary

Report summarizes the rationale behind the Great Lakes Forestry Centre's studies in the TLW, describes the field measurements and operations in progress, and presents preliminary conclusions based on data from the first 1-2 years of sampling. Data on the composition of precipitation, throughfall, soil percolates, and stream waters are given as well as preliminary terrestrial basin input-output budgets.

83-25 Duthie, H.C. and P.M. McKee. Lake sediment core analysis - LRTAP - Algoma Calibrated Watershed. Final Report, DSS Contract OSE80-00147, Beak Consultants, Mississauga, Ont., 223 pp, 1983.

Summary

Report presents a brief description of concept of using changes in sedimentary diatom assemblages to infer historical changes in lake pH. Sampling and sample processing methods are also described. Most of the report contains data summaries (diatom taxa, calculated index values, various plots and statistical analyses) that were the primary input for later interpretive papers.

83-26 Bendell, B.E., D.K. McNicol, and R.K. Ross. Effects of acidic precipitation on waterfowl populations in northern Ontario. II. Fish community associations in small lakes in the Ranger Lake area, their relationships to chemical and physiographical variables, and their implications for waterfowl productivity. Canadian Wildlife Service Ontario Region, LRTAP program. 56p, 3 append., May 1983.

Summary

37 lakes in the Ranger Lake area (near the TLW in Algoma) were sampled and categorized by chemical, physiographical and biological variables in a continuing study on the effects of aquatic acidification on waterfowl. In choosing breeding grounds some birds preferred lakes with abundant and diverse fish populations, while the choice of others was independent of fish abundance. The chemical processes at work in the lakes are poorly understood, but ionic composition and metal concentrations probably influence fish community structure, which in turn has implications for breeding success.

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