Turkey Lakes Watershed Study reference list: 1985
85-01 Delorme, L.D. Specific gravity determinations of sediments on nine cores from the Turkey Lakes Calibrated Watershed. Nat. Wat. Res. Inst. Tech. Note AED-85-1. Burlington, Ontario, 14 pp, 1985.
Summary
Report specifies methodology and presents data summaries of specific gravity determinations for 9 sediment cores from the TLW. These are the same cores used to infer historical pH changes from diatom analyses.
85-02 Foster, N.W. Neutralization of acid precipitation within a maple-birch ecosystem. TAPPI Journal 68(8): 104-106, 1985.
Summary
The influence of acidic deposition on throughfall, forest floor percolate, and mineral soil composition is examined. Fifty percent of incident acidity is neutralized during passage through the forest canopy. Cation exchange in the soils is an important mechanism of neutralization.
85-03 Foster, N.W. Acid precipitation and soil solution chemistry within a maple-birch forest in Canada. Forest Ecol. and Managem. 12: 215-231, 1985.
Summary
Ion fluxes through the forest canopy and soils of the TLW is discussed (see 85-02). Bulk deposition represents only a small proportion (17%) of the annual flux of cations reaching the forest floor but did constitute a greater proportion for SO4 (85%) and NO3 (45%). Both SO4 and NO3 are largely unreactive in the mineral soils and therefore play a dominant role in controlling cation mobility.
85-04 Morrison, I.K. Effect of crown position on foliar concentrations of 11 elements in Acer saccharum and BetulaAlleghaniensis trees on a till soil. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 179-183, 1985.
Summary
The concentration of several elements in foliage from the crowns of sugar maple and yellow birch trees in the TLW is reported. Variability is related to species, location; other factors are discussed. Sampling strategies for obtaining acceptable error are suggested.
85-05 Hern, J.A., G.K. Rutherford, and G.W. vanLoon. Chemical and pedogenetic effects of simulated acid precipitation on two eastern Canadian forest soils. I. Non-metals. Can. J. For. Res. 15(5): 839-847, 1985.
Summary
Artificial acidification of soil columns was conducted in both field and laboratory settings; pore-water anion and H+ concentrations were monitored over a 2-year period. Some of the columns were sterilized to assess the effect of microbial processes. Sulphate adsorption, H+ neutralization, and N processes were evaluated.
85-06 Rutherford, G.K., G.W. vanLoon, S.F. Mortensen, and J.A. Hern. Chemical and pedogenetic effects of simulated acid precipitation on two eastern Canadian forest soils. II. Metals. Can. J. For. Res. 15(5): 848-854, 1985.
Summary
Metal (base cations, Al, Mn, and Fe) mobility was examined in the same study as 85-05.
85-07 Hay, G.W., J.H. James, and G.W. VanLoon. Solubilization effects of simulated acid rain on the organic matter of forest soils: preliminary results. Soil Science 139: 422-430, 1985.
Summary
Pore water concentrations of organic carbon, total carbohydrate, fulvic acid, and ammonium-plus-amino nitrogen was evaluated for the same study as 85-05. Highest carbon concentrations occured in the soil columns irrigated with the highest "rainfall" pH.
85-08 Johnston, L.M., D. Craig, and D.J. Bottomley. Interaction des pluies acides et des eaux souterraines. Sciences et Techniques de l'Eau 18(2): 165-167, 1985.
Summary
Paper summarizes 3 studies (at Chalk R., Harp L., and TLW) investigating the interaction of acidic deposition and groundwaters. The TLW section describes the determination of the groundwater fraction of springmelt streamwaters (1981) using 18O as presented in 83-23 (See also 86-03). The report concludes that the groundwater supply of ANC can be an important factor in reducing the effects of acidic deposition. (IN FRENCH).
85-09 Elliott, H. Geophysical survey to determine overburden thickness in selected areas within the Turkey Lakes Basin, Algoma District, Ont. Nat. Hydrol. Res. Inst. Unpublished Rept. Series, 4 pp. (+ Figures), 1985.
Summary
Report summarizes results from extensive seismic studies in the TLW including presentation of several cross-sections. Overburden thickness is generally < 2 m; however, there are a few areas with large till thicknesses (up to 65 m) that correspond to infilled bedrock channels developed along faults. Almost all surficial deposits are silt grain size or greater.
85-10 Boregowda, S., and G.G. Patry. Modelling of watershed acidification, Turkey Lakes Watershed. Final Report, DSS Contract 02SE.KW405-4-1662, McMaster University, Dept. Civil Eng., 55 pp. (+ Appendices), 1985.
Summary
Final contract report detailing the development of a statisitcal model to simulate hydrological and chemical processes in the TLW. A short literature review and extensive evaluation of the statistical measures of model fit are included.
85-11 Dermott, R.M. Benthic fauna in a series of lakes displaying a gradient of pH. Hydrobiologia 128: 31-38, 1985.
Summary
Benthic fauna (presence and abundance) were examined in the TLW and related to pH. There was little relation between pH or ANC and the abundance and biomass of benthic fauna at depths > 3 m. High littoral biomass in the lake with lowest pH (Batchawana) is related to the lack of fish predation.
85-12 Nriagu, J.O., and Y.K. Soon. Distribution and isotopic composition of sulfur in lake sediments of northern Ontario. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49: 823-834, 1985.
Summary
Sediment cores from lakes near Sudbury and the TLW were sectioned, the S component fractionated into 6 forms, and the isotopic composition of each fraction determined. In the TLW, pyrite formation is of minor importance in S diagenesis; rather, organic S forms predominate in the sediments. Plant detritus is hypothesized as the major contributor of S to the sediments. The situation in the far more polluted Sudbury environment is quite different.
85-13 Kelso, J.R.M. Standing stock and production of fish in a cascading system on the Canadian Shield. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42(7): 1315-1320, 1985.
Summary
Fish biomass and productions is examined for the lowest 3 lakes in the TLW using mark-recapture techniques. Total fish biomass decreases downstream and with increasing lake depth. Salmonid flesh production is of greater relative significance downstream. Results were compared with observations from other N. American lakes.
85-14 Wiebe, H.A. R.J. Vet, L.A. Barrie, and K. Anlauf. Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (APN) Final Data Report December 1982-1983. Atmos. Environ. Serv. Rep. ARQB-85-008-T, 7 pp (+ 8 Appendices), 1985.
Summary
Report summarizes daily air concentrations and wet-only precipitation data for stations in the APN for the period December 1982-December 1983. TLW data are found in Appendix 2 (labelled "Algoma")
85-15 Edwards, T.W.D. and S.K. Frape. Studies of natural gases and trace metals in the sediments of Little Turkey Lake, Algoma District, Ontario. Unpublished Manuscript, U. of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont. 36p, 1985.
Summary
Profiles of a sediment core from Little Turkey Lake show links between local trace metals and methane abundance and isotopic composition. Bacterial consumption of methane appears to occur at depth in the sediments. Mobilities of Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn and Ni seem to be enhanced by the gas activity. These observations have implications for differentiating between natural and anthropogenic fluxes to lake sediemnt layers and the overlying aquatic environment.
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