Turkey Lakes Watershed Study reference list: 2003

03-01     Murray*, C.D. Snow accumulation, melt and infiltration on forested and clearcut slopes, Turkey Lakes Watershed, central Ontario. MSc thesis, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario. 78pp, 2003. (*Contact D.S. Jeffries for correspondence).

Summary: Factors affecting water inputs to a mature hardwood maple stand at the TLW were compared with an adjacent clearcut. Daily melt in the clearcut was greater and more variable than in the forest. Near-surrface soil water in the clearcut often reached saturation, while this was not the case in the forested catchment. These factors combine to promote downslope diversion of event water in the clearcut, which has implications for the receiving streams and lakes.

03-02 Murray*, C.D. and J.M. Buttle. Impacts of clearcut harvesting on snow accumulation and melt in a northern hardwood forest. J. Hydrol. 271: 197-212, 2003. (*Contact D.S. Jeffries for correspondence).

Summary: Snow depth and melt at a clearcut were compared to that at an undisturbed maple stand at the TLW. Daily melt was higher in the clearcut, but south-facing sites melted faster than north-facing sites in both cases. More meltwater is delivered from clearcut sites to the soil surface and receiving waters, and at a greater rate than that from the undisturbed forested stands.

03-03 Jeffries, D.S., T.A. Clair, S. Couture, P.J. Dillon, J. Dupont, W. Keller, D.K. McNicol, M.A. Turner, R. Vet and R. Weeber. Assessing the recovery of lakes in southeastern Canada from the effects of acidic deposition. Ambio 32: 176-182, 2003.

Summary: Batchawana Lake in the TLW is included in an assessment of recovery from acidification by lakes in southeastern Canada following reductions in North America of SO2 emissions. Although SO4 concentrations have generally declined, pH and alkalinity have not increased as expected. Further emissions reductions will be necessary to effect chemical and biological recovery.

03-04 Jeffries, D.S., T.G. Brydges, P.J. Dillon and W. Keller. Monitoring the results of Canada/U.S.A. acid rain control programs: some lake responses. Environ. Monit. Assess. 88: 3-19, 2003.

Summary: Batchawana Lake in the TLW is one of three intensively measured sites in southeastern Canada in which aquatic response to changes in acidic deposition has been assessed. Following emission reductions, recovery has been observed only in some lakes and is complicated by release of stored SO4 following periods of drought, and reduced base cation concentrations. Monitoring and modelling must continue.

03-05 Eimers, C.M., P.J. Dillon, S.L. Schiff and D.S. Jeffries. The effects of drying and re-wetting and increased temperature on sulphate release from upland and wetland material. Soil Biology & Biochemistry: 35, 1663-1673, 2003. (* author of correspondence).

Summary: Samples of upland and wetland soil from sub-basin 50 in the TLW were included in laboratory experiments to determine the effect of drying/re-wetting and increased temperature on SO4 release from the primary S pools in wetland and upland soils. There was a small but immediate increase in SO4 concentrations in forest floor (LFH) material. Peat showed a 3- to 4-fold increase in mobile SO4 following drying-re-wetting. Temperature had a relatively lesser influence on SO4 release. Mineral soils which contain a relatively larger pool of total S are not as responsive to changes in moisture or temperature.

03-06 Lim K., P. Treitz, K. Baldwin, I. Morrison, and J. Green. Lidar remote sensing of biophysical properties of tolerant northern hardwood forests. Can. J. Remote Sensing, 29, 658-678, 2003.

Summary: In August 2000 small foot-print time-of-flight lidar data were collected in the TLW and used to estimate biophysical properties of the forest. The results showed that laser height metrics are capable of providing an estimate of properties, such as plot heights and stem densities, above-ground biomass and volume, and canopy related measures.

03-07 Laporte, M.F., L.C. Duchesne, and I.K. Morrison. Effect of clearcutting, selection cutting, shelterwood cutting and microsites on soil surface CO2 efflux in a tolerant hardwood ecosystem of northern Ontario. Forest Ecology and Management 174, 565-575, 2003.

Summary: In 1998 a flow-through portable infared CO2 gas analyzer was used in a section of the TLW in which harvesting impacts were being studied to examine the effects of selection cutting, shelterwood cutting and microsites on soil surface CO2 efflux (SSCE). Selection and shelterwood cutting caused decreasing SSCE while clearcutting effects were less than for other treatments but more than for the control. SSCE was higher on undisturbed microsites, and demonstrated the importance of microsite distribution in treated areas.

03-08 Sampson, P.H., P.J. Zarco-Tejada, G.H. Mohammed, J.R. Miller, and T.L. Noland. Hyperspectral remote sensing of forest condition: estimating chlorophyll content in tolerant hardwoods. Forest Science, 49, 381-391, 2003.

Summary: The Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) was used over the TLW forest harvesting site in July 1998 to test remote sensing as a means of identifying stress effects in forests. CASI proved effective in mapping chlorophyll content as an indicator of forest physiological strain. Seasonal changes for a range of sites were also measured.

03-09 Todd*, K.W., F. Csillag, and P.M. Atkinson. Three-dimensional mapping of light transmittance and foliage distribution using lidar. Can. J. Remote Sensing, 29, 544-555, 2003. (*Contact D.S. Jeffries for correspondence).

Summary: Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) measurements of light transmittance and foliage disturbance in the TLW suggest that remote sensing can be a useful tool for evaluating spatial and temporal changes in forest structure.

03-10 Chan*, C.H., D.J. Williams, M.A. Neilson, B. Harrison, and M.L. Archer. Spatial and temporal trends in the concentrations of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Great Lakes Basin precipitation, 1986 to 1999. J. Great Lakes Res., 29, 448-459, 2003. (*Contact D.S. Jeffries for correspondence).

Summary: Organochlorine pesticides and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from nine precipitation stations in the Great Lakes Basin, including the TLW. Summary concentration statistics were reported for1995- 1999. Variation of the volume-weighted means ranged between 9 and 90%. Both north-south and within-lake basin differences in spatial concentration distribution were observed. HCH’s have declined in the past 10 years while OC’s showed seasonal concentration patterns.

03-11 Creed I.F., S.E. Sanford, F.D. Beall, L.A. Molot, and P.J. Dillon. Cryptic wetlands: integrating hidden wetlands in regression models of the export of dissolved organic carbon from forested landscapes. Hydrological Processes 17, 3629-3648, 2003.

Summary: Cryptic or hidden wetlands make an important contribution to DOC export in the TLW. Manually derived wetland areas using a global positioning system explained the variation in DOC export better than automatically derived estimates using a digital elevation model. Thus aerial photography and satellite imagery may not accurately record hidden wetland areas in forested landscapes.

03-12 Monteith, S.S. Hydrologic response to clearcutting in a hardwood forest during snowmelt.  MSc. Thesis, Watershed Ecosystems Program, Trent University, Peterborough.  120pp, 2003.

Summary: Event/pre-event water partitioning, water residence times and stormflow pathways were examined in a paired basin comparison of C32 (uncut) and C31 (clearcut) at the TLW during the 2001 snowmelt, four years after harvest. C31 had larger daily event water contributions to streamflow and peak discharge. There were no differences in groundwater residence times of the basins. Comparison of pre- and post-harvest K/Si ratios in input water, groundwater and streamflow in C31 indicate that near-surface water fluxes have become more pronounced following clearcutting. Topographic properties did not consistently exhibit strong controls on groundwater characteristics.