Dietary Reference Intakes

Reference Values for Macronutrients
	Carbohydrate (Digestible)			Total Protein^{Table 1 footnote 29}				Total Fat		Linoleic Acid (n-6)		α-linolenic Acid (n-3)		Total Fibre^{Table 1 footnote 31}		Total Water^{Table 1 footnote 33}
Unit	g/day			g/kg/day		g/day ^{Table 1 footnote 30}		g/day		g/day		g/day		g/day		Litres/day
	EAR	RDA/AI	UL^{Table 1 footnote 28}	EAR	RDA/AI	RDA/AI	UL^{Table 1 footnote 28}	AI	UL^{Table 1 footnote 28}	AI	UL^{Table 1 footnote 28}	AI	UL^{Table 1 footnote 28}	AI^{Table 1 footnote 32}	UL^{Table 1 footnote 28}	AI	UL^{Table 1 footnote 28}
Infants
0-6 mo 7-12 mo	ND ND	60* 95*	ND ND	ND 1.0	1.52* 1.2	9.1* 11.0	ND ND	31* 30*	ND ND	4.4* 4.6*	ND ND	0.5* 0.5*	ND ND	ND ND	ND ND	0.7* 0.8*	ND ND
Children
1-3 y 4-8 y	100 100	130 130	ND ND	0.87 0.76	1.05 0.95	13 19	ND ND	ND ND	ND ND	7* 10*	ND ND	0.7* 0.9*	ND ND	19* 25*	ND ND	1.3* 1.7*	ND ND
Males
9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y >70 y	100 100 100 100 100 100	130 130 130 130 130 130	ND ND ND ND ND ND	0.76 0.73 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66	0.95 0.85 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80	34 52 56 56 56 56	ND ND ND ND ND ND	ND ND ND ND ND ND	ND ND ND ND ND ND	12* 16* 17* 17* 14* 14*	ND ND ND ND ND ND	1.2* 1.6* 1.6* 1.6* 1.6* 1.6*	ND ND ND ND ND ND	31* 38* 38* 38* 30* 30*	ND ND ND ND ND ND	2.4* 3.3* 3.7* 3.7* 3.7* 3.7*	ND ND ND ND ND ND
Females
9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y >70 y	100 100 100 100 100 100	130 130 130 130 130 130	ND ND ND ND ND ND	0.76 0.71 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66	0.95 0.85 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80	34 46 46 46 46 46	ND ND ND ND ND ND	ND ND ND ND ND ND	ND ND ND ND ND ND	10* 11* 12* 12* 11* 11*	ND ND ND ND ND ND	1.0* 1.1* 1.1* 1.1* 1.1* 1.1*	ND ND ND ND ND ND	26* 26* 25* 25* 21* 21*	ND ND ND ND ND ND	2.1* 2.3* 2.7* 2.7* 2.7* 2.7*	ND ND ND ND ND ND
Pregnancy
< 18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y	135 135 135	175 175 175	ND ND ND	0.88*^{Table 1 footnote f}* 0.88*^{Table 1 footnote f}* 0.88*^{Table 1 footnote f}*	1.1^{Table 1 footnote f} 1.1^{Table 1 footnote f} 1.1^{Table 1 footnote f}	71^{Table 1 footnote f} 71^{Table 1 footnote f} 71^{Table 1 footnote f}	ND ND ND	ND ND ND	ND ND ND	13* 13* 13*	ND ND ND	1.4* 1.4* 1.4*	ND ND ND	28* 28* 28*	ND ND ND	3.0* 3.0* 3.0*	ND ND ND
Lactation
< 18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y	160 160 160	210 210 210	ND ND ND	1.05 1.05 1.05	1.3 1.3 1.3	71 71 71	ND ND ND	ND ND ND	ND ND ND	13* 13* 13*	ND ND ND	1.3* 1.3* 1.3*	ND ND ND	29* 29* 29*	ND ND ND	3.8* 3.8* 3.8*	ND ND ND
This table presents Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) in italics, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) in bold type and Adequate Intakes (AIs) in ordinary type followed by an asterisk (*). Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs) are in shaded columns. Table 1 footnotes Table 1 footnote 28 Although a UL was not set for any of the macronutrients, the absence of definitive data does not signify that people can tolerate chronic intakes of these substances at high levels. Return to table 1 footnote 28 referrer Table 1 footnote 29 Available evidence does not support recommending a separate protein requirement for vegetarians who consume complimentary mixtures of plant proteins, as these can provide the same quality of protein as that from animal proteins. Return to table 1 footnote 29 referrer Table 1 footnote 30 Recommendations for total protein are determined as the amount needed per kg body weight multiplied by the reference weight. Return to table 1 footnote 30 referrer Table 1 footnote 31 Total fibre is defined as the sum of dietary fibre and functional fibre. See definitions for further details. Return to table 1 footnote 31 referrer Table 1 footnote 32 The AI for total fibre is based on 14 g/1000 kcal multiplied by the median usual daily energy intake from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII 1994-1996, 1998). Return to table 1 footnote 32 referrer Table 1 footnote 33 Total water includes drinking water, water in beverages, and water that is part of food. Return to table 1 footnote 33 referrer Table 1 footnote f The EAR and RDA for pregnancy are only for the second half of pregnancy. For the first half of pregnancy, protein requirements are the same as those of the nonpregnant woman. Return to table 1 footnote f referrer Note: These are reference values for normal, apparently healthy individuals eating a typical mixed North American diet. An individual may have physiological, health, or lifestyle characteristics that may require tailoring of specific nutrient values.

Dietary Reference Intakes
Males & Females ^{Tableau 2 note de bas de page 34}	Total Carbohydrate	Total Protein	Total Fat	n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid)	n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (α-linolenic acid)
Males & Females ^{Tableau 2 note de bas de page 34}	Percent of Energy	Percent of Energy	Percent of Energy	Percent of Energy	Percent of Energy ^{Tableau 2 note de bas de page 35}
1-3 years	45 - 65 %	5 - 20 %	30 - 40 %	5 - 10 %	0.6 - 1.2 %
4-18 years	45 - 65 %	10 - 30 %	25 - 35 %	5 - 10 %	0.6 - 1.2 %
19 years and over	45 - 65 %	10 - 35 %	20 - 35 %	5 - 10 %	0.6 - 1.2 %
Table 2 footnotes Table 2 footnote 1 Includes pregnant and lactating women. Return to table 2 footnote 34 referrer Table 2 footnote 2 Up to 10% of the AMDR can be consumed as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Return to table 2 footnote 35 referrer

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Date modified:: 2006-06-29