Recent Immigrants in Metropolitan Areas: Saskatoon—A Comparative Profile Based on the 2001 Census
Part B: Who Are the Recent Immigrants?
Origin, immigration category and religion
Countries of origin changing
Saskatoon’s immigrants come from all over the world and represent a diversity of cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Over the past several decades there has been a considerable change in the source countries of immigrants. In 2001, for example, there were 3,200 residents of Saskatoon who landed in Canada, between 1996 and 2001. The most common country of birth for these immigrants was China, accounting for 14% of these new residents, followed by the United Kingdom supplying 7%. The top ten countries of birth—China, United Kingdom, Philippines, United States, Iraq, Yugoslavia, South Africa, Ukraine, Taiwan, and Iran—account for 59% of Saskatoon’s very recent immigrant cohort and represent four different continents.
Share | |||
---|---|---|---|
All immigrants | |||
1 | United Kingdom | 2,700 | 16% |
2 | China, People's Republic of | 1,430 | 8% |
3 | United States | 1,270 | 8% |
4 | Philippines | 1,000 | 6% |
5 | Former U.S.S.R. | 920 | 5% |
6 | Germany | 840 | 5% |
7 | Former Yugoslavia | 680 | 4% |
8 | Poland | 570 | 3% |
9 | Viet Nam | 560 | 3% |
10 | India | 510 | 3% |
Top ten countries | 10,480 | 62% | |
All other countries | 6,390 | 38% | |
Total | 16,870 | 100% | |
Immigrated before 1986 | |||
1 | United Kingdom | 2,400 | 24% |
2 | United States | 830 | 8% |
3 | Germany | 720 | 7% |
4 | Former U.S.S.R. | 640 | 6% |
5 | China, People's Republic of | 500 | 5% |
6 | Viet Nam | 450 | 4% |
7 | Philippines | 450 | 4% |
8 | Poland | 440 | 4% |
9 | Netherlands | 420 | 4% |
10 | India | 320 | 3% |
Top ten countries | 7,170 | 71% | |
All other countries | 3,080 | 29% | |
Total | 10,250 | 100% | |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | |||
1 | China, People's Republic of | 490 | 14% |
2 | Philippines | 350 | 10% |
3 | United States | 250 | 7% |
4 | El Salvador | 170 | 5% |
5 | Poland | 130 | 4% |
6 | Yugoslavia | 120 | 3% |
7 | Hong Kong | 120 | 3% |
8 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 110 | 3% |
9 | India | 110 | 3% |
10 | United Kingdom | 100 | 3% |
Top ten countries | 1,950 | 57% | |
All other countries | 1,520 | 43% | |
Total | 3,470 | 100% | |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | |||
1 | China, People's Republic of | 440 | 14% |
2 | United Kingdom | 210 | 7% |
3 | Philippines | 210 | 7% |
4 | United States | 200 | 6% |
5 | Iraq | 200 | 6% |
6 | Yugoslavia | 160 | 5% |
7 | South Africa | 130 | 4% |
8 | Ukraine | 110 | 3% |
9 | Taiwan | 110 | 3% |
10 | Iran | 100 | 3% |
Top ten countries | 1,870 | 59% | |
All other countries | 1,280 | 41% | |
Total | 3,150 | 100% |
Among Saskatoon’s earlier immigrant cohort—those immigrating to Canada before 1986—the United Kingdom and the United States were the two top countries of birth, accounting for 32% of this group.
In general, the birth origins of Saskatoon’s immigrant population vary in relation to the period of immigration. European birth origins are predominant among those who immigrated in the 1950s, the 1960s and to a lesser extent, the 1970s, and Asian birth origins are predominant among those who immigrated in the 1980s and 1990s.
Saskatoon's share of recent immigrants varies by country of birth
Saskatoon’s share of Canada’s recent immigrants by country of birth is highest for Iraq. Of the 22,300 Iraq-born individuals who immigrated since 1986 and were living in Canada in 2001, 290 or 1.3% were living in Saskatoon. One percent of the country’s Canadian-born population live in Saskatoon as do close to 1% of recent immigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia and South Africa. Overall, 0.3% of all recent immigrants to Canada chose Saskatoon as their place of residence.
Country of Birth | Total recent immigrants to Canada | Share residing in Saskatoon |
---|---|---|
Iraq | 22,300 | 1.3% |
All Canadian-born | 23,991,910 | 0.9% |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 23,170 | 0.8% |
Yugoslavia | 35,860 | 0.8% |
Total population | 29,639,000 | 0.8% |
South Africa | 19,890 | 0.7% |
United States | 73,860 | 0.6% |
El Salvador | 29,680 | 0.6% |
Ukraine | 25,530 | 0.6% |
Ghana | 13,450 | 0.6% |
Germany | 22,810 | 0.5% |
Guatemala | 10,580 | 0.5% |
Malaysia | 12,280 | 0.5% |
United Kingdom | 69,660 | 0.4% |
China, People's Republic of | 236,930 | 0.4% |
Philippines | 161,130 | 0.3% |
All immigrants | 5,448,490 | 0.3% |
Mexico | 24,640 | 0.3% |
Russian Federation | 35,950 | 0.3% |
Somalia | 18,220 | 0.3% |
All recent immigrants | 2,491,850 | 0.3% |
Iran | 61,560 | 0.2% |
Pakistan | 64,020 | 0.2% |
France | 27,500 | 0.2% |
Taiwan | 60,530 | 0.2% |
Korea, South | 50,970 | 0.2% |
Romania | 43,200 | 0.2% |
Viet Nam | 72,330 | 0.1% |
Poland | 91,140 | 0.1% |
Sri Lanka | 80,080 | 0.1% |
Note: Table B-2 lists all countries that are the place of birth of at least 10,000 recent immigrants living in Canada in 2001, with Saskatoon’s share being 0.1% or more.
Steady flow of skilled workers and government-assisted refugees
Statistics published by Citizenship and Immigration Canada show that the number of immigrants who reported Saskatoon as their destination when they landed in Canada increased by 1,000 between the second half of the 1980s and the first half of the 1990s and decreased by 700 in the second half of the 1990s. The decline was concentrated in the family immigrant class. Almost one-half of the 1996-2000 immigrant cohort destined for Saskatoon entered as economic immigrants and nearly one-third were refugees.
1986-1990 | 1991-1995 | 1996-2000 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family class | 1,000 | 29% | 1,300 | 29% | 800 | 21% |
Economic immigrants | 1,200 | 34% | 2,000 | 44% | 1,800 | 47% |
Refugees | 1,300 | 37% | 1,200 | 27% | 1,200 | 32% |
Other immigrants | 20 | 1% | 60 | 1% | 0 | 0% |
Total | 3,500 | 100% | 4,500 | 100% | 3,800 | 100% |
Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Facts and Figures, 2002.
Note: The 2001 Census did not ask immigrants about the immigration categories through which they were admitted to Canada. The information in Table B-3 was obtained from records at Citizenship and Immigration Canada, and pertains to the time of landing. The immigration categories are described in the Glossary.
The number of immigrants destined to Saskatoon entering through the family class from 1996 to 2001 declined by almost 40% from the first half of the 1990s. Within the family class, the number of spouses remained unchanged over the 1991-1995 and 1996-2000 five-year periods. The number of other relatives—parents and grandparents, sons and daughters, and fiancés—fell from 800 during the 1991-1995 period to 200 during the 1996-2000 period.
Over the 1986-2000 period, the number of privately-sponsored refugees declined. Only 200 privately-sponsored refugees were destined to Saskatoon when they landed in the second half of the 1990s, a 50% decrease compared to the first half of the 1990s. The number of government-assisted refugees remained relatively constant at about 900 per five-year period.
In each of the three five-year periods, about 1,300 skilled workers and their families entered Canada as economic immigrants destined to Saskatoon. About 100 entrepreneurs and their dependants planned to settle in Saskatoon when they landed in the first half of the 1990s. In the latter half of the decade, there were only 10.
Religions changing with countries of origin
While a majority of very recent immigrants living in Saskatoon are Christians, the shares affiliated with the Muslim faith and those reporting no religious affiliation have increased since the mid-1980s. Almost all Canadian-born are affiliated with Christian denominations or report having no religion.
Canadian-born | Immigrants | Immigrated before 1986 | Immigrated 1986-1995 | Immigrated 1996-2001 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roman Catholic | 58,430 | 4,550 | 2,690 | 1,110 | 760 |
Protestant | 91,610 | 4,900 | 3,740 | 500 | 600 |
Orthodox Christian | 2,850 | 580 | 340 | 120 | 150 |
Other Christian | 10,690 | 740 | 360 | 200 | 170 |
Muslim | 180 | 800 | 160 | 390 | 250 |
Buddhist | 490 | 900 | 560 | 240 | 100 |
Hindu | 110 | 440 | 280 | 100 | 70 |
Sikh | 70 | 90 | 70 | 20 | 10 |
Other | 2,510 | 210 | 110 | 50 | 70 |
No religion | 37,500 | 3,640 | 1,910 | 750 | 980 |
Total | 204,400 | 16,900 | 10,300 | 3,500 | 3,200 |
Roman Catholic | 29% | 27% | 26% | 32% | 24% |
Protestant | 45% | 29% | 36% | 14% | 19% |
Orthodox Christian | 1% | 3% | 3% | 3% | 5% |
Other Christian | 5% | 4% | 3% | 6% | 5% |
Muslim | 0% | 5% | 2% | 11% | 8% |
Buddhist | 0% | 5% | 5% | 7% | 3% |
Hindu | 0% | 3% | 3% | 3% | 2% |
Sikh | 0% | 1% | 1% | 0% | 0% |
Other | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 2% |
No religion | 18% | 22% | 19% | 22% | 31% |
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
Note: Religions are listed in order of their share of the population of Canada, from highest to lowest, with Christian religions grouped together.
Catholics and Protestants are relatively more numerous among the Canadian-born and earlier immigrants than among recent immigrants in Saskatoon. Nearly one-half of the Canadian-born are Protestant, with the United Church having the largest following among the major Protestant churches, accounting for 15% of the population group. Only 2% of recent immigrants are affiliated with the United Church.
The age distribution of the very recent immigrant population (those arriving between 1996 and 2001) is markedly different from that of the Canadian-born population, with a larger proportion aged 25 to 44 years and proportionally fewer adults aged 45 years and over. In 2001, one-half of very recent immigrants living in Saskatoon were between the ages of 25 and 44, compared to 30% of the Canadian-born. Adults aged 45 to 64 years made up slightly less than 10% of the very recent immigrant cohort, compared to 20% for the Canadian-born. Children less than 15 years of age accounted for 23% of the very recent immigrant population and a similar proportion of the Canadian-born.
Under 15 years |
15 to 24 years | 25 to 44 years | 45 to 64 years | 65 years and over | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | ||||||
Canadian-born | 22,150 | 18,070 | 31,800 | 21,320 | 12,190 | 105,520 |
Immigrants | 510 | 660 | 2,510 | 2,760 | 2,050 | 8,480 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 0 | 130 | 960 | 2,160 | 1,860 | 5,110 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 150 | 380 | 810 | 440 | 140 | 1,900 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 370 | 160 | 740 | 160 | 60 | 1,470 |
Men | ||||||
Canadian-born | 23,370 | 16,770 | 29,740 | 20,200 | 8,810 | 98,880 |
Immigrants | 500 | 750 | 2,630 | 2,790 | 1,730 | 8,390 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 0 | 190 | 1,100 | 2,250 | 1,600 | 5,140 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 130 | 300 | 660 | 400 | 90 | 1,570 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 370 | 270 | 870 | 130 | 40 | 1,680 |
Total | ||||||
Canadian-born | 45,520 | 34,840 | 61,530 | 41,520 | 20,990 | 204,390 |
Immigrants | 1,010 | 1,410 | 5,130 | 5,550 | 3,780 | 16,870 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 0 | 310 | 2,050 | 4,430 | 3,470 | 10,250 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 270 | 670 | 1,470 | 850 | 230 | 3,470 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 740 | 430 | 1,610 | 290 | 90 | 3,150 |
Canadian-born | 22% | 17% | 30% | 20% | 10% | 100% |
Immigrants | 6% | 8% | 30% | 33% | 22% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 0% | 3% | 20% | 43% | 34% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 8% | 19% | 42% | 24% | 6% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 23% | 14% | 51% | 9% | 3% | 100% |
Total population | 21% | 16% | 30% | 21% | 11% | 100% |
These differences in age structure are to some degree a result of how we define immigrants and the Canadian-born. The immigrant population grows older like the Canadian population but does not renew itself in the same way, as children born in Canada to immigrants are not considered immigrants. Thus, there are no persons less than 15 years of age among immigrants who landed before 1986, and the older age groups are over-represented among these earlier immigrants. By the same token, the share of children among the Canadian-born is large as it includes children born in Canada to immigrant parents.
The age structure of very recent immigrants closely resembles age at landing. Immigrants tend to arrive in Canada during their prime working-age years. This was the case among immigrants who landed more than 30 years ago, and it is still the case today. It is therefore not surprising that a large share of very recent immigrants were in the 25 to 44 age group.
Many of the characteristics and circumstances described in this profile vary with age. Differences between immigrants or groups of immigrants and the Canadian-born often are at least in part a reflection of differences in the age structure.
Figure B-1: Immigrants by period of immigration and Canadian-born—by age, Saskatoon Census Metropolitan Area, 2001 (percentage distribution)
The proportion of women in the very recent immigrant population in Saskatoon is lower than that of the Canadian-born population. Among those who landed during the 1986 to 1995 period, however, women outnumber men.
More than 60% of recent immigrants living in Saskatoon from Iran, El Salvador and India are men. At the opposite end of the spectrum of gender mix are Germany, the Philippines and the Russian Federation. Two-thirds or more of recent immigrants from these countries are women. The gender balance, by country of origin, has not changed greatly since 1996.
Under 15 years | 15 to 24 years | 25 to 44 years | 45 to 64 years | 65 years and over | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canadian-born | 49% | 52% | 52% | 51% | 58% | 52% |
Immigrants | 51% | 47% | 49% | 50% | 54% | 50% |
Immigrated before 1986 | - | 40% | 47% | 49% | 54% | 50% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 54% | 56% | 55% | 51% | 60% | 55% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 50% | 37% | 46% | 55% | 61% | 47% |
A large majority of Saskatoon’s immigrants of 15 years of age and over report being able to carry on a conversation in at least one of Canada’s two official languages. Even among very recent immigrants, who landed in Canada from 1996 to 2001, almost all (both men and women) reported being able to speak an official language in May 2001. Six percent of very recent immigrants 15 years of age and over could not speak either official language. Knowledge of official languages is about the same among those who immigrated during the 1986 to 1995 period, and even higher among those who immigrated before 1986—99% of men and 96% of women.
The proportion of Saskatoon’s immigrants who report being able to carry on a conversation in English or French decreases with age. Almost all immigrants less than 45 years of age who landed in Canada between 1996 and 2001 reported being able to speak English or both English and French. The proportion of very recent immigrants who reported being unable to carry on a conversation in either English or French increased for immigrants 45 years of age and over.
Ability to converse in either or both official languages has improved with the very recent immigrant cohort—6% more men and 8% more women had this ability in 2001, compared to a similar cohort (those who landed in the five years prior to the census) in 1996. Both genders and all age groups reported higher rates.
English only | French only | English and French | Neither English nor French | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | |||||
15 to 24 years | 160 | - | - | - | 160 |
25 to 44 years | 610 | - | 90 | 50 | 740 |
45 to 64 years | 140 | - | - | 20 | 160 |
65 years and over | 30 | - | - | 30 | 60 |
15 years and over | 930 | 10 | 90 | 90 | 1,120 |
Men | |||||
15 to 24 years | 270 | - | - | - | 270 |
25 to 44 years | 800 | - | 60 | 20 | 880 |
45 to 64 years | 110 | - | - | 30 | 140 |
65 years and over | 30 | - | - | - | 30 |
15 years and over | 1,200 | - | 60 | 50 | 1,310 |
Total | |||||
15 to 24 years | 430 | - | - | - | 430 |
25 to 44 years | 1,410 | - | 140 | 70 | 1,610 |
45 to 64 years | 240 | - | - | 50 | 290 |
65 years and over | 60 | - | - | 30 | 90 |
15 years and over | 2,130 | - | 150 | 140 | 2,420 |
Women | |||||
15 to 24 years | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% |
25 to 44 years | 82% | 0% | 12% | 7% | 100% |
45 to 64 years | 88% | 0% | 0% | 13% | 100% |
65 years and over | 50% | 0% | 0% | 50% | 100% |
15 years and over | 83% | 1% | 8% | 8% | 100% |
Men | |||||
15 to 24 years | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% |
25 to 44 years | 91% | 0% | 7% | 2% | 100% |
45 to 64 years | 79% | 0% | 0% | 21% | 100% |
65 years and over | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% |
15 years and over | 92% | 0% | 5% | 4% | 100% |
Total | |||||
15 to 24 years | 100% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% |
25 to 44 years | 88% | 0% | 9% | 4% | 100% |
45 to 64 years | 83% | 0% | 0% | 17% | 100% |
65 years and over | 67% | 0% | 0% | 33% | 100% |
15 years and over | 88% | 0% | 6% | 6% | 100% |
For the majority of Saskatoon’s recent immigrants, the language spoken most often at home is one other than English or French. Almost 55% of immigrants who landed between 1996 and 2001 most often speak a foreign language in their homes.
The use of foreign languages is also high among other immigrant cohorts. About one-half of those who immigrated between 1986 and 1995, and 19% of those who immigrated prior to 1986 most often speak a foreign language at home.
The use of a foreign language in the home among Saskatoon’s very recent immigrants was not as high in 2001 as in 1996 when six in ten immigrants who had landed in the five-year period prior to the census reported use of a foreign language in the home.
Figure B-2: Immigrants by period of immigration—15 years of age and over—use of a foreign language at home, Saskatoon Census Metropolitan Area, 2001 (percentage)
There are large differences in educational attainment between the Canadian-born and the various immigrant cohorts. University degrees, however, are more common among all immigrant groups than among the Canadian-born. In particular, very recent immigrants boast a high proportion of university graduates. This high proportion of university graduates is most likely a result of immigrant selection policy, which places a large emphasis on education for immigrants in the economic category.
When education levels are compared by age group, the younger generation has a much higher level of education than older groups, whether born in or outside Canada. In almost all cases, the proportion of Saskatoon’s immigrants 25 years of age and over without a high school diploma is similar to or lower in comparison to the Canadian-born of the same age, and the proportion with post-secondary qualifications is higher. About 20% of Saskatoon’s Canadian-born population less than 45 years of age do not have a high school diploma compared to 14% of very recent immigrants in this age group. Three-quarters of very recent immigrants aged 25 to 44 years—both men and women—have a post-secondary diploma or degree, compared to 54% of Canadian-born men and 63% of Canadian-born women in this age group.
Less than grade 9 | Some high school | High school diploma | College or trade diploma | University degree | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | ||||||
Canadian-born | 4,710 | 20,870 | 17,770 | 26,280 | 13,740 | 83,370 |
Immigrants | 1,010 | 1,490 | 1,510 | 2,040 | 1,920 | 7,980 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 760 | 1,070 | 860 | 1,440 | 990 | 5,110 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 200 | 260 | 460 | 360 | 490 | 1,760 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 60 | 170 | 200 | 250 | 450 | 1,110 |
Men | ||||||
Canadian-born | 4,350 | 21,090 | 17,400 | 20,700 | 11,980 | 75,510 |
Immigrants | 790 | 1,360 | 1,190 | 2,010 | 2,540 | 7,890 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 620 | 850 | 690 | 1,510 | 1,470 | 5,140 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 120 | 270 | 310 | 270 | 500 | 1,440 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 50 | 250 | 200 | 230 | 590 | 1,310 |
Total | ||||||
Canadian-born | 9,070 | 41,960 | 35,170 | 46,990 | 25,720 | 158,880 |
Immigrants | 1,800 | 2,860 | 2,700 | 4,050 | 4,470 | 15,860 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 1,390 | 1,930 | 1,550 | 2,960 | 2,450 | 10,250 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 310 | 530 | 760 | 630 | 990 | 3,200 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 110 | 410 | 390 | 480 | 1,040 | 2,420 |
Women | ||||||
Canadian-born | 6% | 25% | 21% | 32% | 16% | 100% |
Immigrants | 13% | 19% | 19% | 26% | 24% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 15% | 21% | 17% | 28% | 19% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 11% | 15% | 26% | 21% | 28% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 5% | 15% | 18% | 22% | 41% | 100% |
Men | ||||||
Canadian-born | 6% | 28% | 23% | 27% | 16% | 100% |
Immigrants | 10% | 17% | 15% | 25% | 32% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 12% | 17% | 13% | 29% | 29% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 8% | 18% | 21% | 19% | 34% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 4% | 19% | 15% | 18% | 45% | 100% |
Total | ||||||
Canadian-born | 6% | 26% | 22% | 30% | 16% | 100% |
Immigrants | 11% | 18% | 17% | 26% | 28% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 14% | 19% | 15% | 29% | 24% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 10% | 16% | 24% | 20% | 31% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 5% | 17% | 16% | 20% | 43% | 100% |
No high school diploma | With post-secondary diploma or degree | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 to 44 years | 45 to 65 years | 65 years and over | 25 to 44 years | 45 to 65 years | 65 years and over | |
Women | ||||||
Canadian-born | 5,150 | 5,730 | 7,250 | 20,140 | 11,990 | 3,660 |
Immigrants | 390 | 730 | 1,170 | 1,600 | 1,630 | 610 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 170 | 580 | 1,060 | 550 | 1,280 | 540 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 130 | 100 | 70 | 490 | 270 | 40 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 90 | 50 | 30 | 560 | 80 | 40 |
Men | ||||||
Canadian-born | 6,950 | 5,690 | 4,750 | 15,930 | 10,910 | 3,090 |
Immigrants | 480 | 550 | 770 | 1,700 | 1,930 | 800 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 230 | 450 | 730 | 640 | 1,520 | 730 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 120 | 80 | 30 | 410 | 300 | 30 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 140 | 20 | 0 | 660 | 100 | 30 |
Total | ||||||
Canadian-born | 12,100 | 11,410 | 11,990 | 36,060 | 22,890 | 6,740 |
Immigrants | 860 | 1,270 | 1,930 | 3,280 | 3,560 | 1,410 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 400 | 1,030 | 1,820 | 1,180 | 2,800 | 1,290 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 230 | 170 | 120 | 900 | 570 | 60 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 230 | 80 | 30 | 1,210 | 180 | 60 |
Women | ||||||
Canadian-born | 16% | 27% | 59% | 63% | 56% | 30% |
Immigrants | 16% | 26% | 57% | 64% | 59% | 30% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 18% | 27% | 57% | 58% | 59% | 29% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 15% | 22% | 52% | 60% | 60% | 26% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 12% | 31% | 55% | 75% | 47% | 64% |
Men | ||||||
Canadian-born | 23% | 28% | 54% | 54% | 54% | 35% |
Immigrants | 18% | 20% | 45% | 65% | 69% | 46% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 20% | 20% | 45% | 58% | 68% | 45% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 18% | 20% | 29% | 62% | 75% | 29% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 15% | 12% | 0% | 75% | 73% | 86% |
Total | ||||||
Canadian-born | 20% | 27% | 57% | 59% | 55% | 32% |
Immigrants | 17% | 23% | 51% | 64% | 64% | 37% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 20% | 23% | 53% | 58% | 63% | 37% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 16% | 20% | 51% | 61% | 68% | 24% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 14% | 26% | 28% | 75% | 61% | 61% |
Nearly 60% of men who immigrated after 1985 and have a post-secondary diploma or degree majored in physical sciences, engineering or trades, compared to 55% of Canadian-born men. Twenty percent of recent immigrant women with a post-secondary diploma or degree studied physical sciences, engineering or trades compared to 11% of Canadian-born women.
Recent immigrants are also strongly represented in the social sciences, education and arts, with a share of post-secondary graduates similar to that of the Canadian-born. Commerce, management and business administration is the choice for 29% of Canadian-born women with a post-secondary diploma or degree, compared to 20% of recent immigrant women. The share of health professionals among recent immigrants (15%) is similar to that of the Canadian-born.
Physical sciences, engineering and trades | Social sciences, education and arts | Commerce, management and business administration | Health professions and related technologies | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | |||||
Canadian-born | 4,210 | 15,700 | 11,770 | 8,290 | 39,960 |
Immigrants | 840 | 1,460 | 770 | 910 | 3,970 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 220 | 280 | 140 | 210 | 840 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 370 | 920 | 540 | 570 | 2,400 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 230 | 230 | 100 | 120 | 680 |
Men | |||||
Canadian-born | 17,980 | 8,520 | 4,420 | 1,760 | 32,670 |
Immigrants | 2,630 | 1,020 | 460 | 440 | 4,550 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 440 | 150 | 60 | 120 | 760 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 1,690 | 710 | 310 | 270 | 2,980 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 500 | 180 | 100 | 60 | 820 |
Total | |||||
Canadian-born | 22,200 | 24,210 | 16,180 | 10,050 | 72,630 |
Immigrants | 3,470 | 2,480 | 1,220 | 1,350 | 8,520 |
Immigrated before 1986 | 660 | 440 | 190 | 320 | 1,600 |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 2,060 | 1,640 | 840 | 850 | 5,380 |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 740 | 410 | 200 | 180 | 1,520 |
Women | |||||
Canadian-born | 11% | 39% | 29% | 21% | 100% |
Immigrants | 21% | 37% | 19% | 23% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 26% | 34% | 16% | 25% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 15% | 38% | 22% | 24% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 34% | 34% | 15% | 18% | 100% |
Men | |||||
Canadian-born | 55% | 26% | 14% | 5% | 100% |
Immigrants | 58% | 22% | 10% | 10% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 58% | 19% | 7% | 15% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 57% | 24% | 10% | 9% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 60% | 21% | 12% | 7% | 100% |
Total | |||||
Canadian-born | 31% | 33% | 22% | 14% | 100% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 41% | 29% | 14% | 16% | 100% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 41% | 27% | 12% | 20% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 38% | 30% | 16% | 16% | 100% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 49% | 27% | 13% | 12% | 100% |
Very recent immigrants are relatively likely to be in school. School attendance is at least twice as high among very recent immigrants as among the Canadian-born, in both the 25-44 years and 45-64 years age groups.
15 to 24 years | 25 to 44 years | 45 to 64 years | 15 to 24 years | 25 to 44 years | 45 to 64 years | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | ||||||
Canadian-born | 11,040 | 4,410 | 760 | 61% | 14% | 4% |
Immigrants | 470 | 530 | 130 | 70% | 21% | 5% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 60 | 120 | 50 | 42% | 12% | 2% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 290 | 140 | 30 | 77% | 17% | 7% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 120 | 290 | 30 | 75% | 39% | 19% |
Men | ||||||
Canadian-born | 9,480 | 3,410 | 420 | 57% | 11% | 2% |
Immigrants | 590 | 680 | 130 | 77% | 26% | 4% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 130 | 200 | 90 | 68% | 18% | 4% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 230 | 130 | 20 | 77% | 19% | 5% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 210 | 370 | 20 | 78% | 42% | 15% |
Total | ||||||
Canadian-born | 20,510 | 7,820 | 1,180 | 59% | 13% | 3% |
Immigrants | 1,050 | 1,210 | 260 | 74% | 24% | 5% |
Immigrated before 1986 | 200 | 330 | 150 | 63% | 16% | 3% |
Immigrated 1986-1995 | 520 | 250 | 50 | 78% | 17% | 5% |
Immigrated 1996-2001 | 330 | 650 | 60 | 77% | 40% | 19% |
School attendance, of course, is much higher in the youngest age group, persons 15 to 24 years of age, than in the older age groups. Here we find a higher rate of school attendance among recent immigrants than among their Canadian-born counterparts. By and large, school attendance rates were similar for all immigrant cohorts to those in 1996.
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