Oropouche virus disease: Prevention and risks
On this page
- How Oropouche virus spreads
- Preventing Oropouche virus disease
- Risks of getting Oropouche virus disease
How Oropouche virus spreads
Oropouche virus is spread to a person through the bite of an infected biting midge (a very small biting fly also known as a no-see-um) or certain mosquitoes.
Current evidence related to Oropouche virus is limited, however early evidence suggests that a pregnant person may pass the Oropouche virus to their unborn baby. This may result in negative outcomes such as stillbirth and microcephaly (smaller than normal head size).
There's currently not enough information to know if Oropouche virus can be spread through sexual contact. Individuals may consider using condoms or not having sex when they're in an area where Oropouche virus is common.
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Preventing Oropouche virus disease
There's no vaccine to prevent Oropouche virus disease.
The best way to protect yourself from Oropouche virus disease is to prevent midge and mosquito bites. When going to a place where Oropouche virus is common, follow these tips:
- use an approved insect repellent (bug spray) and follow label directions
- wear:
- loose, light-coloured clothing made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
- long pants and tucked-in long-sleeved shirts
- closed-toe shoes or boots
- a hat
- stay in places that can keep insects out:
- this includes rooms with closed windows and air conditioning
- biting midges are very small and can get through most window screens
- use insecticide-treated mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors (day or night) or in buildings that aren't fully enclosed
Pregnant people or people planning to become pregnant should discuss with their health care provider the possible risks of travelling to areas where Oropouche virus is common.
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Risks of Oropouche virus disease
The species of biting midge (Culicoides paraensis) and mosquito (Culex quinquefasciatus) aren't currently known to be found in Canada. Oropouche virus occurs in Central and South America and the Caribbean.
People who travel to areas where Oropouche virus is common are at higher risk of being exposed to the virus.
Risk factors for severe disease aren't well known. People who are at risk for severe disease may include:
- young children
- older adults
- people with pre-existing health conditions
A pregnant person may pass the Oropouche virus to their unborn baby. This may result in negative outcomes such as stillbirth and microcephaly (smaller than normal head size).