Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – O'Nyong-Nyong virus

Section I - Infectious Agent

Name

O'Nyong-Nyong virus

Synonym or Cross Reference

Epidemic polyarthritis and rash, O'Nyong-Nyong virus disease, ONN

Characteristics

Togaviridae (formerly group A arboviruses), genus Alphavirus; spherical, enveloped virions 60 nm in diameter, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome

Section II - Hazard Identification

Pathogenicity / Toxicity

Self limiting febrile viral disease; characterized by arthralgia or arthritis typically in the knee, ankle and small joints of the extremities, followed by a maculopapular rash in 60-70% of cases; buccal and palatal enanthema can occur; inapparent infections are common, immunity is long lasting.

Epidemiology

Found in Africa

Host Range

Humans

Infectious Dose

Not known

Mode of Transmission

By bite of an infective mosquito

Incubation Period

Greater than 8 days

Communicability

No evidence of person-to-person transmission

Section III - Dissemination

Reservoir

Unknown

Zoonosis

No

Vectors

• Mosquitoes - Anopheles spp.
• A. funestus, A gambiae

Section IV - Stability and Viability

Drug Susceptibility

No antiviral available to date

Susceptibility to Disinfectants

Sensitive to 70% ethanol, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, sensitive to lipid solvents.

Physical Inactivation

Inactivated by moist, dry heat> 58° C; Sensitive to drying.

Survival Outside Host

Unknown, less than one day in culture medium at 37° C.

Section V - First Aid / Medical

Surveillance

Monitor for symptoms; confirm by serological analysis and viral isolation in mice

First Aid / Treatment

Mainly supportive therapy

Immunization

None available to date

Prophylaxis

None available

Section VI - Laboratory Hazards

Laboratory - Acquired Infections

Two cases of O'Nyong Nyong virus infection were reported by 1980

Sources / Specimens

Blood

Primary Hazards

Accidental parenteral inoculation, aerosols

Special Hazards

None

Section VII - Exposure Controls / Personal Protection

Risk Group Classification

Risk group 2.

Containment Requirements

Containment Level 2 facilities, equipment, and operational practices for work involving infectious or potentially infectious materials, animals, or cultures.

Protective Clothing

Laboratory coat; gloves when skin contact with infectious materials or animals is unavoidable.  Eye protection must be used where there is a known or potential risk of exposure to splashes.

Other Precautions

All procedures that may produce aerosols, or involve high concentrations or large volumes should be conducted in a biological safety cabinet (BSC). The use of needles, syringes, and other sharp objects should be strictly limited. Additional precautions should be considered with work involving animals or large scale activities.

Section VIII - Handling and Storage

Spills

Allow aerosols to settle and, wearing protective clothing, gently cover spill with paper towels and apply an appropriate disinfectant, starting at the perimeter and working towards the centre. Allow sufficient contact time before clean up.

Disposal

Decontaminate all wastes that contain or have come in contact with the infectious organism before disposing by autoclave, chemical disinfection, gamma irradiation, or incineration.

Storage

The infectious agent should be stored in leak-proof containers that are appropriately labelled.

Section IX - Regulatory and Other Information

Regulatory Information

The import, transport, and use of pathogens in Canada is regulated under many regulatory bodies, including the Public Health Agency of Canada, Health Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Environment Canada, and Transport Canada. Users are responsible for ensuring they are compliant with all relevant acts, regulations, guidelines, and standards.

Date Updated

February, 2018

Prepared by

Centre for Biosecurity, Public Health Agency of Canada

Although the information, opinions and recommendations contained in this Material Safety Data Sheet are compiled from sources believed to be reliable, we accept no responsibility for the accuracy, sufficiency, or reliability or for any loss or injury resulting from the use of the information. Newly discovered hazards are frequent and this information may not be completely up to date.

Copyright ©
Public Health Agency of Canada, 2018