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ARCHIVED - Early primary school outcomes associated with maternal use of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy and with exposure to parent alcohol and tobacco use postnatally

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We have archived this page and will not be updating it.

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Early primary school outcomes

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5.21 MB - 82 pages

Appendix

Group Means, Standard Errors and Sample Sizes for All Measures

Children's general development

At 33 months of age


Developmental Inventory for Screening Children (DISC):
Overall Development Quotient
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 100.24 1.36 278
Exposed 97.66 1.39 126
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 100.94 0.62 368
Yes 96.96 1.80 36
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 100.97 0.68 261
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 94.41 2.52 19

 

At 48 months of age


DISC Overall Development Quotient
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 98.80 1.39 293
Exposed 96.32 1.37 134
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 99.54 0.66 384
Yes 95.57 1.80 43
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 98.35 0.72 274
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 91.89 2.44 24


ABC School Readiness
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 26.35 1.58 186
Exposed 21.61 1.44 87
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 24.90 0.67 248
Yes 23.06 1.97 25
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 25.59 0.74 176
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 19.02 2.57 15

 

Children's cognitive development/academic performance

At 48 months of age



DISC Auditory and Memory Development Quotient
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 96.42 1.74 293
Exposed 93.62 1.71 34
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 98.35 0.83 384
Yes 91.69 2.24 43
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 98.15 0.90 274
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 88.69 3.05 24

At Grade 3

Teacher-Rated Student Preparedness Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 11.56 0.71 153
Exposed 13.03 0.53 86
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 10.83 0.28 213
Yes 13.76 0.82 26
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 10.21 0.32 145
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 14.62 0.93 18


Teacher-Rated Child's Attitudes Toward Academics Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 13.64 0.63 156
Exposed 13.06 0.47 88
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 14.30 0.25 218
Yes 12.40 0.73 26
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 14.58 0.29 148
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 12.09 0.84 18


Teacher-Rated Child's Academics Functioning Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 9.67 0.63 156
Exposed 9.42 0.47 89
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 10.60 0.25 219
Yes 8.50 0.73 26
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 10.60 0.29 148
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 8.25 0.84 18


Teacher-Rated Child's Adaptive Functioning Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacc.o (PET) Not exposed 15.44 0.86 157
Exposed 14.15 0.65 89
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 15.74 0.34 220
Yes 13.85 1.00 26
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 16.14 0.39 149
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 12.96 1.14 18


Parent-Reported Child Suspended from School (%)
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 8.68 0.015 220
Exposed 24.44 0.042 106
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 12.56 0.018 294
Yes 25.23 0.077 32
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 8.02 0.015 209
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 27.29 0.100 21


Teacher-Reported Child Received Special Education/Services (%)
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 37.38 0.037 157
Exposed 48.67 0.052 89
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 38.66 0.032 220
Yes 65.19 0.088 26
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 36.22 0.038 149
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 67.95 0.105 18

 

Children's social/emotional functioning measures

At Grade 3



Teacher-Rated Emotional Discorder Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 4.78 0.66 155
Exposed 5.31 0.50 87
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 3.86 0.26 216
Yes 6.23 0.77 26
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 3.73 0.30 147
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 6.62 0.88 18


Teacher-Rated Conflict Management Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 14.61 0.53 157
Exposed 14.08 0.39 89
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 14.97 0.20 220
Yes 13.71 0.61 26
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 15.40 0.24 149
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 13.62 0.70 18

 

Children's health measures

At Grade 1


Child Exposed to Second-Hand Smoke
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 5.45 1.70 231
Exposed 16.67 1.52 114
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 10.77 0.77 309
Yes 11.35 2.12 36
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 4.43 0.86 217
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 16.22 2.69 22

 

At Grade 3


Child Exposed to Second-Hand Smoke
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET) Not exposed 4.11 1.86 219
Exposed 12.74 1.50 105
Mother Higher-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 9.44 0.77 292
Yes 7.41 2.24 32
PET and MHRD Not exposed, not higher-risk drinker 4.21 0.84 208
Exposed, higher-risk drinker 10.81 2.64 21

 

Children's behaviour problems measures

At 48 months of age



Teacher-Rated Disruptiveness Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine (PEN) Not exposed 6.78 0.92 185
Exposed 8.70 0.89 84
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 6.17 0.42 243
Yes 9.31 1.17 26
PEN and MHRD Not exposed, not high-risk drinker 5.71 0.46 174
Exposed, high-risk drinker 10.78 1.58 15


Teacher-Rated Hyperactivity Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine (PEN) Not exposed 4.65 0.57 187
Exposed 6.05 0.55 86
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 4.33 0.26 247
Yes 6.37 0.73 26
PEN and MHRD Not exposed, not high-risk drinker 3.99 0.28 176
Exposed, high-risk drinker 7.44 0.98 15


Teacher-Rated Indirect Aggression Scale
Group Means Std. Error 4N
Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine (PEN) Not exposed 1.40 0.30 186
Exposed 1.83 0.29 86
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 1.04 0.13 246
Yes 2.19 0.38 26
PEN and MHRD Not exposed, not high-risk drinker 0.91 0.15 175
Exposed, high-risk drinker 2.49 0.51 15

 

Teacher-Rated Physical Aggression Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine (PEN) Not exposed 1.69 0.40 185
Exposed 2.78 0.39 87
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 1.66 0.18 246
Yes 2.81 0.51 26
PEN and MHRD Not exposed, not high-risk drinker 1.41 0.20 174
Exposed, high-risk drinker 3.65 0.69 15

 

At Grade 1



Teacher-Rated Delinquency Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine (PEN) Not exposed 0.93 0.24 186
Exposed 1.54 0.20 82
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 1.00 0.11 240
Yes 1.47 0.29 28
PEN and MHRD Not exposed, not high-risk drinker 0.59 0.11 176
Exposed, high-risk drinker 1.66 0.35 18

 

At Grade 3


 
Parent-Rated Physical Aggression Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine (PEN) Not exposed 1.82 0.33 221
Exposed 2.54 0.27 106
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 1.91 0.14 295
Yes 2.46 0.40 32
PEN and MHRD Not exposed, not high-risk drinker 1.61 0.15 210
Exposed, high-risk drinker 2.88 0.47 21

 

Teacher-Rated Hyperactivity Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine (PEN) Not exposed 5.33 0.76 156
Exposed 6.28 0.57 87
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 4.55 0.30 217
Yes 7.06 0.89 26
PEN and MHRD Not exposed, not high-risk drinker 4.14 0.35 148
Exposed, high-risk drinker 7.60 1.01 18


Teacher-Rated Indirect Aggression Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine (PEN) Not exposed 1.83 0.45 133
Exposed 2.55 0.32 77
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 1.61 0.16 189
Yes 2.77 0.52 21
PEN and MHRD Not exposed, not high-risk drinker 1.54 0.19 127
Exposed, high-risk drinker 3.42 0.57 15

 

Teacher-Rated Physical Aggression Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine (PEN) Not exposed 2.43 0.52 154
Exposed 3.24 0.39 89
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 2.10 0.20 217
Yes 3.58 0.60 26
PEN and MHRD Not exposed, not high-risk drinker 1.57 0.24 146
Exposed, high-risk drinker 3.85 0.68 18


Teacher-Rated Delinquency Scale
Group Means Std. Error N
Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine (PEN) Not exposed 1.12 0.31 148
Exposed 1.68 0.24 80
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD) No 0.84 0.20 205
Yes 1.96 0.36 23
PEN and MHRD Not exposed, not high-risk drinker 0.78 0.14 141
Exposed, high-risk drinker 2.47 0.42 16

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