Information for authors: Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada
Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention
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Our journal
Aim and scope
Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice (HPCDP Journal) is an open access, bilingual, peer-reviewed journal published and funded by the Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch of the Public Health Agency of Canada.
We publish scientific articles across 10 issues per year to advance knowledge on chronic disease and injury prevention, health promotion, environmental health and health equity in Canada. Our content reflects research from the fields of public, population and community health; health promotion; epidemiology and biostatistics; behavioural and social sciences; preventive health services; and health economics.
The HPCDP Journal welcomes original research, evidence syntheses and other articles based on health surveillance, interventions, programs and/or emerging issues relevant to the health of people in Canada. International submissions are considered only if they include data about or from Canada or provide results directly relevant to people in Canada as part of multi-country studies.
Readership
Our readers include public health professionals, researchers, clinicians, educators, government policy and decision makers, students, non-governmental health organizations and others with an interest or involvement in public health.
Metrics
- 2023 CiteScore: 4.1 (Scopus)
- 2023 5-year Impact Factor: 2.7 (Web of Science)
- Among the top one-third most frequently cited open access public health journals (SCImago – Scopus Journal Ranking)
- Indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), MEDLINE’s Index Medicus, Journal Citation Reports – Science Edition, Scopus, ProQuest and Web of Science Core Collection
- Archived in PubMed Central and the Government of Canada Publications Catalogue
Our commitment
The HPCDP Journal is committed to upholding ethical publication standards and the use of sex- and gender-based analysis in health research.
Scientific rigour is ensured through a double-anonymized peer review process, the participation of internal and external Associate Scientific Editors, and governance by national and international Editorial Board Members with extensive public health expertise.
All journal content is published in both official languages of Canada—English and French.
Open access policy
The HPCDP Journal is a diamond open access journal, meaning that we do not charge authors any article-processing fees or readers any subscription fees.Footnote 1 Our open access publishing model aligns with Canada’s Tri-Agency Open Access Policy on PublicationsFootnote 2 as well as the core values and guiding principles of the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science.Footnote 3
As of January 2024, all HPCDP articles are published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.Footnote 4
Publication and ethics standards
The HPCDP Journal adheres to the following standards and guidelines:
International standards
- International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical JournalsFootnote 5
- World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) Policies for Medical Journal EditorsFootnote 6
- Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly PublishingFootnote 7
Canadian standards and guidelines
- Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans – TCPS 2 (2022)Footnote 8 – Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
- How to Integrate Sex and Gender into ResearchFootnote 9 and Key Considerations for the Appropriate Integration of Sex and Gender in ResearchFootnote 10 – CIHR
- Gender-based Analysis Plus Research GuideFootnote 11 and the Gender-based Analysis Plus Research ChecklistFootnote 12 – Women and Gender Equality Canada (WAGE)
- Policy on Official LanguagesFootnote 13 and Standard on Web AccessibilityFootnote 14 – Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat
- Guide on Equity, Diversity and Inclusion TerminologyFootnote 15 – Language Portal of Canada
- CMAJ’s New Guidance on the Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in Research ArticlesFootnote 16 – Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ)
Article types
The HPCDP Journal publishes several article types. These are described in Table 1.
All manuscripts undergo peer review unless explicitly stated otherwise in Table 1. Word count limits are for the main body of the text and do not include the abstract, highlights, keywords list, tables and figures with accompanying footnotes, or references.
Article type | Description | Formatting requirements |
---|---|---|
Double-anonymized peer-reviewed articlesFootnote 17 | ||
Original quantitative research (EN: 3500 words/FR: 4500 words) |
Original research that employs empirical methodology via statistical, computational and mathematical techniques to investigate observable phenomena. Quantitative research relies on the use of numerical data to generate unbiased results. |
|
Original qualitative research (EN: 7000 words/FR: 9000 words) |
Original research that employs nonnumerical, theoretically informed methodologies. Qualitative methodologies, rooted in the social sciences, seek to build an exploratory understanding of social phenomena or are used to explain social phenomena by providing in-depth descriptions and analyses of the underlying processes and the mechanisms that give rise to them. |
|
Original mixed-methods research (EN: 7000 words/FR: 9000 words) |
Mixed-methods research study that uses quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to generate both closed- and open-ended results. The integration of both quantitative and qualitative methods can take different forms, depending on the research question and the goals of the study. |
|
Evidence synthesis (EN: 4000 words/FR: 5000 words) |
Systematic reviews, rapid reviews, realist reviews, scoping reviews or other systematic assessments of literature and relevant information sources. Manuscripts should follow established protocols and guidelinesFootnote 18 consistent with the selected review type. |
|
Evidence-informed policy brief (EN: 5000 words/FR: 6500 words) |
A comprehensive response to a policy practice question,Footnote 23Footnote 24Footnote 25 in plain language, that summarizes high quality, relevant and up-to-date research-based evidence on known benefits and harms, and presents evidence-informed policy options, their costs, the barriers to their implementation and the strategies to address these barriers. |
|
Commentary (EN: 2000 words/FR: 2600 words) |
In-depth reflection on a topic, referencing current evidence, the larger context and the articles published in an issue (which is often a theme or special issue). A commentary offers a critical evaluation of existing research to generate new ideas or suggestions for future research. |
|
At-a-glance – analysis (EN: 1500 words/FR: 1950 words) |
Original scientific research or innovation in public health practice, policy or programming. |
|
Editor-reviewed articles | ||
Invited editorial (EN: 1000 words/FR: 1300 words) |
A short opinion on a topic or a group of articles being published in the same issue (which is often a theme or special issue). |
|
Letter to the Editor (EN: 500 words/FR: 650 words) |
Reflections on a public health issue or reactions to recently published journal articles or issues. If the letter is in response to a recently published article or issue, it must be submitted within one month of publication of that article or issue. |
|
Release notice (EN: 250 words/FR: 325 words) |
Short announcement about a recent or upcoming release of a national dataset, report or set of guidelines relevant to public health in Canada. |
|
Note: If you are uncertain of your article type, email hpcdp.journal-revue.pspmc@phac-aspc.gc.ca to find out if your article is suitable for publication by HPCDP Journal.
Formatting requirements
- Submit your manuscript as an editable document, in Microsoft Word, on letter-sized pages, double-spaced, in black Times New Roman (12-point size) or Arial (10-point size) font.
- Use the following headings unless otherwise specified by article type: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, with a Strengths and limitations subheading, Conclusion and References.
- Number pages on the bottom right of each page, starting on the page with only the title. Keep the pages numbered throughout all revisions.
- Set continuous line numbering starting with 1 on the page with the title only. Keep the line numbering for subsequent revisions.
- Do not anonymize any parts of the main text.
Title pages
First page
- Title of manuscript
- All author name(s) in full, each followed by highest completed degree
- Institutional affiliations (including city and province), associated with each author through numbers in parentheses
- Name, address, email and telephone of the corresponding author
- Intended article type
- Word count for the abstract
- Word count for the main text (excluding title pages, abstract, highlights, keywords list, references, and table and figure titles, text and footnotes)
- Number of tables and figures
To help anonymize the manuscript for peer review, include the following sections on the title page only:
- Acknowledgements
- All funding sources, including grants and other research support
- Individuals, groups or organizations who have provided assistance relevant to the article or the research (confirm in your cover letter that you have obtained written permission from them)
- Conflicts of interest
- Describe any conflicts of interest or write that there are none
- Authors’ contributions and statement
- Describe the contribution of each author (identified by their initials) in simple point form, using contributor roles taxonomy (CRediT):Footnote 27 conceptualization; data curation; formal analysis; funding acquisition; investigation; methodology; project administration; resources; software; supervision; validation; visualization; writing—original draft; and writing—review & editing.
- The HPCDP Journal adheres to the ICMJE’s authorship criteria.Footnote 28 All authors must meet this definition of authorship.
- The following scientific integrity statement accompanies each article published in the HPCDP Journal, regardless of authors’ affiliations, and is inserted at the end of this section: “The content and views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Government of Canada.”
Second page
- Title of manuscript only
- Page numbering starts at 1 on this page
Abstract
- Structured abstracts, required for evidence synthesis and original research articles, include sections titled Introduction, Methods, Results and Conclusion
- Unstructured abstracts for Commentaries and At-a-glance articles
Keywords
- 3 to 8 keywords
- Use Medical Subject Headings [MeSH] terms,Footnote 29 if possible
Highlights box
- Required for all peer-reviewed submissions
- Up to 5 bullet points to summarize the highlights of the article in plain language
- Maximum 100 words in English and 130 in French
References
- Authors are responsible for the content of their article and for correct citation and attribution of all sources.
- Based on Vancouver style referencing, as used by the National
Library of Medicine (NLM).Footnote 30 (See samples of
formatted references for authors of journal articles.)
- If there are 6 or fewer authors, list them all; if there are more than 6, list the first 6, followed by "et al."
- Number in-text citations in superscript in the order they appear from the beginning to the end of the article, in text, tables and figures. Do not include citations in the abstract.
- If there is an associated digital object identifier (DOI), include the hyperlinked DOI at the end of the reference in the following format: e.g. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.40.7/8.01
- Use primary sources when referencing reported results or data—limit use of secondary sources as much as possible.
- Do not use word-processing software automatic reference numbering tools.
- If you use automatic referencing software such as EndNote or RefWorks, make sure that the references do not contain any fields from or links to the software.
- Avoid referencing unpublished observations and data or personal communications. If you do, cite these in parentheses in the text and not in the reference list; authors are responsible for obtaining the relevant written permission.
- Cite preprints sparingly, clearly identifying them as such. Once published, cite the published article rather than the preprint.
- Check the accuracy of references and hyperlinks.
Tables and figures
- Position tables and figures immediately after the first paragraph
containing the first mention of the table or figure. If one or more of the
tables are very wide, you can submit them in one MS Excel file.
- If the figures are not editable, also provide them in an editable format such as Excel, PowerPoint or PDF as soon as your article is accepted for publication.
- Each table and figure should be able to stand alone
and separate from the associated article.
- Use the title or footnotes (in lower-case superscript letters in alphabetical order) to provide contextual information, such as dates, population descriptions or data sources.
- Figures are limited to graphs,
flow charts or diagrams, photographs or maps, and must meet international
accessibility standards:Footnote 31
- For graphs, charts and maps, include the data used to create the figure, in table format.Footnote 32
- For flow charts, diagrams and photographs, include a long text descriptionFootnote 33 that explains the information presented, unless a detailed explanation of the figure appears in the text immediately before or after the figure.
- Tables must meet international accessibility standards.Footnote 31 Each table must have:
- Column headings
- One cell for each data point (do not combine data points in a single cell)
- No blank cells (add “n/a” instead)
- The list of abbreviations used, in a footnote below the table
- Content presented in tables and figures should be consistent with established guidelines for study types. Refer to the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research (EQUATOR) Network.Footnote 18
Appendixes
The HPCDP Journal generally does not publish supplementary materials, although you will need to submit them along with your manuscript to facilitate peer review.
To allow readers to access any supplementary materials:
- Provide a link in the relevant part of your manuscript to the open access repository of your affiliated institution or a third-party open access repository such as the Open Science Framework (OSF), or
- Include the note “available upon request from the authors” in relevant part(s) of the manuscript.
If you wish to have supplementary materials considered for publication as appendixes, include this request and a rationale in your cover letter for consideration by the Editor-in-Chief.
Preprints
The HPCDP Journal will consider manuscript submissions that are based on work previously posted on a preprint server, at the discretion of the Editor-in-Chief. Clearly state in your cover letter that a preprint version of your article exists and provide a link to the article. Refer to the ICMJE guidelines on preprintsFootnote 34 for further information. If the HPCDP Journal accepts a preprint for publication, the authors are responsible for updates to the preprint server records to include DOI links to the peer-reviewed published version.
Checklist for submitting manuscripts
- Cover letter, signed by the primary or corresponding author (digital
signatures are accepted)
- Confirm that the material has not been published in whole or in part elsewhere and does not violate or infringe on any existing copyright or licence
- Confirm written permission for the use of any third-party material
- Confirm that the article is not currently being considered for publication elsewhere
- Acknowledge and provide information on pre-existing preprints
- Disclose any use of generative artificial intelligenceFootnote 35
- Include an author contribution statement describing the role or task of each author, using CRediTFootnote 27
- Declare any conflicts of interest
- Indicate if supplementary material accompanies the manuscript
- Provide a brief rationale if you would like supplementary material to be included in an appendix
- State that all authors have seen and approved the final manuscript
- Manuscript
- Adhere to article type specifications and formatting requirements
- Ensure that there are no links to automatic referencing software in the manuscript
- Upload completed ICMJE disclosure forms for all manuscript authors to the ScholarOne Manuscripts system upon initial submission
- Appendixes
- Clearly label appendix files and provide link(s) to the open access repository where these materials can be accessed
Review and publication process
Article submission
Once you have verified that all checklist items are complete and compliant, upload your manuscript, signed cover letter and conflict of interest forms using our ScholarOne Manuscripts online submission system.
For guidance on how to submit a manuscript using our ScholarOne Manuscripts online submission system, refer to the Author Guide: ScholarOne Manuscripts.Footnote 36 For additional information, contact: hpcdp.journal-revue.pspmc@phac-aspc.gc.ca.
Author attestations
Upon submission of your article, you are asked to agree to publish your work under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence.Footnote 4 Under this licence, authors or, in some cases, an employer institution retain ownership of the copyright. The licence allows others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon the material in your manuscript in any medium or format, so long as clear and proper attribution is given to the manuscript creator(s). The licence also allows for commercial use. Each published article contains a recommended licence-linked attribution statement acknowledging the creator(s) of the work and the HPCDP Journal as the primary source of the information.
Upon submission, provide the following assurances:
- Your manuscript is not a violation or infringement of any existing copyright or licence.
- You have obtained permission from applicable copyright holder(s) for the use of any third-party textual, graphic, artistic or other material.Footnote 37
Article review
With the rise in new forms of open access publishing and peer review, international publishing bodies have developed standardized terminology to help authors, reviewers, editors and readers easily identify key elements of peer review processes and practices across journals.Footnote 17 The following describes the HPCDP Journal peer review model and practices:
- Identity transparency: double-anonymized peer review
- Reviewer interacts with: only the editor
- Review information published: none
Double-anonymized peer-reviewed articles
All articles are first assessed by the Editor-in-Chief and, in some cases, an Associate Scientific Editor or other subject matter experts for suitability for publication in the HPCDP Journal. If a manuscript is deemed to have sufficient scientific merit and to be within the scope of the HPCDP Journal, it undergoes double-anonymized peer review.
Once two or more peer reviews have been received, the Associate Scientific Editor adjudicates the reviews and makes one of the following recommendations:
- Accept
- Re-evaluate and reconsider after minor revisions
- Re-evaluate, validate changes and reconsider after major revisions
- Reject
When revisions are requested, article authors are given the opportunity to revise their manuscript.
Reviewers recommending major revisions have an opportunity to review and validate the revised manuscript.
Note: If authors fail to resubmit a revised manuscript after three reminders, the HPCDP Journal reserves the right to withdraw or reject the manuscript.
Editor-reviewed articles
All editor-reviewed articles, including editorials, letters to the Editor and release notices, are first assessed by the Editor-in-Chief. In some cases, the Editor-in-Chief may request an Associate Scientific Editor or other subject matter experts to also review it. You may be asked to make revisions.
Decision
Upon receipt of the revised manuscript, the Editor-in-Chief and Associate Scientific Editor adjudicate whether to accept the article for publication. The corresponding author is notified of the decision.
Production
Translation and language editing
All articles undergo translation so that each is published in both official languages. Both English and French versions of each article are copyedited.
Final proofing
Once the manuscript is finalized in both official languages, both versions are sent for graphic design and layout. Authors have one week to review the PDF proof of their article and to correct any factual errors (stylistic changes are not allowed at this point).
For more information, contact: hpcdp.journal-revue.pspmc@phac-aspc.gc.ca.
Our editorial policies
As noted in the Our commitment section, the HPCDP Journal follows recognized standards and guidelines to apply ethical policies and practices for scientific publishing, dissemination of research findings and handling of case issues, including, but not limited to, the scientific integrity principles identified in Health Canada and Public Health Agency of Canada’s Scientific integrity policy.Footnote 38
To enhance the transparency and quality of research published in the HPCDP Journal, all articles should follow reporting guidelinesFootnote 18 for the relevant study type.
Corrections
The HPCDP Journal recognizes that errors may be identified only after an article is published. If approved by the Editor-in-Chief, a new version of the article is then published, with descriptions and dates of the corrections made. Previous versions of the article are archived, but can be accessed.
Complaints and appeals
Email any content- or procedure-related complaints involving the HPCDP Journal or its editorial office to hpcdp.journal-revue.pspmc@phac-aspc.gc.ca. All complaints are directed to the Managing Editor, and if needed, brought to the attention of the Editor-in-Chief. All complaints are dealt with confidentially.
If you believe that your article was unfairly rejected or that unnecessary changes have been requested, email an appeal letter to the HPCDP Journal that outlines why the manuscript should be reconsidered for publication or why the manuscript should not be revised. Once the appeal letter is reviewed, either the Associate Scientific Editor or Editor-in-Chief, and potentially an additional expert reviewer, may reassess the manuscript.
Allegations of misconduct
According to ICMJE, “scientific misconduct in research and non-research publications includes, but is not limited to, data fabrication; data falsification including deceptive manipulation of images; purposeful failure to disclose relationships and activities; and plagiarism.”Footnote 39 When misconduct is suspected, the HPCDP Journal initiates procedures outlined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).Footnote 40
Note: All articles are screened using plagiarism detection software. Articles containing plagiarized material are rejected.
Authorship changes
To add an author to the manuscript during the review process, the corresponding author needs to email the Editor-in-Chief at hpcdp.journal-revue.pspmc@phac-aspc.gc.ca explaining:
- Why this author was not included beforehand
- How the author meets all four ICMJE requirements for authorship
All authors, including the additional author, must be copied and must provide written consent to the change(s).
To remove a person from the list of authors during the review process, the corresponding author needs to email the Editor-in-Chief at hpcdp.journal-revue.pspmc@phac-aspc.gc.ca explaining why this person should be excluded. All authors, including the person being excluded, must be copied in the email and must agree to this exclusion.
Please note that changes to authorship cannot be made after acceptance of a manuscript.
Use of generative artificial intelligence
The use of generative artificial intelligence (genAI) in articles published in the HPCDP Journal is informed by guidance published by the World Association of Medical EditorsFootnote 6 and ICMJE.Footnote 28 Upon submission, authors must disclose whether they used genAI, including large language models, chatbots or image creators, to produce any part or parts of the manuscript and, if so, identify the relevant section(s).
Also note:
- Only humans can be authors
- Authors must acknowledge the sources of their materials
- Authors are responsible for the material in their article and must ensure appropriate attribution of all sources
As a Government of Canada publication, the HPCDP Journal endorses the Guide on the Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence.Footnote 35 Submitting authors are encouraged to abide by the FASTER (Fair, Accountable, Secure, Transparent, Educated, Relevant) principles developed for the responsible use of genAI and described in the Guide.
References
- Footnote 1
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Government of Canada. Tri-Agency open access policy on publications (2015) [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Government of Canada; 2016 [cited 2024 Jan 18]. Available from: https://science.gc.ca/site/science/en/interagency-research-funding/policies-and-guidelines/open-access/tri-agency-open-access-policy-publications-2015
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UNESCO. UNESCO recommendation on open science. Paris (FR): UNESCO; 2021. https://doi.org/10.54677/MNMH8546
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Creative Commons. CC BY 4.0 deed [Internet]. Mountain View (CA): Creative Commons; [cited 2024 Jan 18]. Available from: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work in medical journals [Internet]. ICMJE; 2024 [cited 2024 Jan 18]. Available from: https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/
- Footnote 6
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World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). Policies [Internet]. WAME; 2024 [cited 2024 Jan 18]. Available from: https://www.wame.org/policies
- Footnote 7
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Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE); Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); Open Access Scholarly Publishing Association (OASPA); World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). Principles of transparency and best practice in scholarly publishing [Internet]. Jointly published by COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, and WAME; 2022 Sep [cited 2024 Jan 18]. https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.12
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Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Tri-Council policy statement: ethical conduct for research involving humans – TCPS 2 (2022) [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Government of Canada; 2022 [modified 2023 Jan 11; cited 2024 Jan 18]. Available from: https://ethics.gc.ca/eng/policy-politique_tcps2-eptc2_2022.html
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Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). How to integrate sex and gender into research [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): CIHR; [modified 2019 Aug 21; cited 2024 Jan 18]. Available from: https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/50836.html
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Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). Key considerations for the appropriate integration of sex and gender in research [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): CIHR; [modified 10 Sep 2019; cited 2024 Jan 18]. Available from: https://cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/50835.html
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Women and Gender Equality Canada (WAGE). Gender-based Analysis Plus research guide [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Government of Canada; [modified 2021 Apr 14; cited 2024 Mar 24]. Available from: https://women-gender-equality.canada.ca/en/gender-based-analysis-plus/resources/research-guide.html
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Women and Gender Equality Canada (WAGE). Gender-based Analysis Plus research checklist [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Government of Canada; [modified 2021 Apr 14; cited 2024 Mar 24]. Available from: https://women-gender-equality.canada.ca/en/gender-based-analysis-plus/resources/research-checklist.html
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Government of Canada. Policy on official languages [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Government of Canada; 2012 [modified 2012 Oct 15; cited 2024 Mar 24]. Available from: https://www.tbs-sct.canada.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=26160
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Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. Standard on web accessibility. Ottawa (ON): Government of Canada; 2017 [modified 2011 Aug 01; cited 2024 Mar 24]. Available from: https://www.tbs-sct.canada.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=23601§ion=html
- Footnote 15
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Interdepartmental Terminology Committee on Equity, Diversity and Inclusion. Guide on equity, diversity and inclusion terminology [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Government of Canada; [modified 2024 Mar 27; cited 2024 Jun 05]. Available from: https://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/en/publications/equite-diversite-inclusion-equity-diversity-inclusion-eng
- Footnote 16
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Tessier C. The policy brief: a tool for knowledge transfer. Montréal (QC): National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy; 2019. Available from: https://www.ncchpp.ca/docs/2019-PC-KS-PolicyBrief-EN.pdf
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Oxman AD, Lavis JN, Lewin S, Fretheim A. Guide: SUPPORT tools for evidence-informed health policymaking (STP) 1. Health Res Policy Syst. 2009;7(Suppl 1):S1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4505-7-S1-S1
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National Information Standards Organization (NISO). CRediT, Contributor Roles Taxonomy. Baltimore (MD): National Information Standards Organization; 2022. Report No.: ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022. https://doi.org/10.3789/ansi.niso.z39.104-2022
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International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Defining the role of authors and contributors [Internet]. ICMJE; 2024 [cited 2024 Jan 18]. Available from: https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html
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National Library of Medicine (NLM). Medical subject headings [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): NLM; [updated 2024 Jan 22; cited 2024 Apr 22]. Available from: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html
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World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 [Internet]. Wakefield (MA): W3C; 2008 [cited 2024 Jan 18]. Available from: https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/
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Digital Transformation Office (DTO). Canada.ca content style guide: 6.1 Understand the purpose of images online – Functional images [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Government of Canada; [modified 2024 Mar 07; cited 2024 Mar 24]. Available from: https://design.canada.ca/style-guide/#wp6-1-1
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Digital Transformation Office (DTO). Canada.ca content style guide: 6.3 Include long descriptions for complex images [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Government of Canada; [modified 2024 Mar 07; cited 2024 Mar 24]. Available from: https://design.canada.ca/style-guide/#wp6-3
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Public Health Agency of Canada. Canada Communicable Disease Report. Information for authors [Internet]. Ottawa (ON): Public Health Agency of Canada; 2024 [cited 2024 Jul 27]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/canada-communicable-disease-report-ccdr/submit-a-manuscript-information-authors.html#a5.1
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Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada. Scientific integrity policy. Ottawa (ON): Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada; 2019. Catalogue No.: H22-4/2-2019E-PDF. Available from: https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2019/sc-hc/H22-4-2-2019-eng.pdf
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International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Scientific misconduct, expressions of concern, and retraction. ICMJE; 2024 [cited 2024 Mar 24]. Available from: https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/scientific-misconduct-expressions-of-concern-and-retraction.html
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Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Promoting integrity in research and its publication [Internet]. Eastleigh (UK): COPE; 2024 [cited 2024 Jan 18]. Available from: https://publicationethics.org
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