List of figures: Human Antimicrobial Drug Use Report 2012/2013

List of Figures

• Figure 1.1. Percent of diagnoses that received an antimicrobial recommendation by office-based physicians in Canada, 2007, 2009, 2011 and 2013
• Figure 1.2. Total number of antimicrobial recommendations / 10,000 inhabitants provided by office-based physicians in Canada, by age and antimicrobial classification, 2013
• Figure 2.1: Number of prescriptions and kilograms of active ingredient per 1,000 inhabitants of antimicrobials dispensed by Canadian retail pharmacies, 2000 – 2013
• Figure 2.2: Number of defined daily doses and cost per inhabitant of antimicrobials dispensed by Canadian retail pharmacies, 2000 – 2013
• Figure 2.3: Prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitant-days for oral and parenteral antimicrobials used in Canada 2010 – 2013, by age group
• Figure 2.4: Defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitant-days for oral and parenteral antimicrobials used in Canada 2010 – 2013, by age group
• Figure 2.5: Prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants for the eight most frequently dispensed antimicrobials in 2013 by retail pharmacies in Canada; oral antimicrobials (2000-2009), oral and parenteral antimicrobials (2010-2013)
• Figure 2.6: Patterns in prescribing rates (prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants) from 2000 – 2013 for antimicrobials with the greatest absolute difference in rates from 2000 to 2013*
• Figure 2.7: Defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitant-days for the eight antimicrobials with the highest DDD values in 2013; oral antimicrobials (2000-2009), oral and parenteral antimicrobials (2010-2013)
• Figure 2.8: Patterns in DID rates (defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitant-days) from 2000 – 2013 for antimicrobials with the greatest absolute difference in rates from 2000 to 2013*
• Figure 2.9: Defined daily doses per prescriptions for the six antimicrobials with the highest DDD and prescription rates; oral antimicrobials (2000-2009), oral and parenteral antimicrobials (2010-2013)
• Figure 2.10: Proportion of oral DDDs by individual antimicrobial dispensed by outpatient pharmacies in Canada, 2013 
• Figure 2.11: Proportion of parenteral DDDs by individual antimicrobial dispensed by outpatient pharmacies in Canada, 2013
• Figure 2.12: Number of prescriptions and kilograms of active ingredient per 1,000 inhabitants dispensed by retail pharmacies in 2013, by province
• Figure 2.13: Defined daily doses and cost per 1,000 inhabitants of antimicrobials dispensed by retail pharmacies in 2013, by province
• Figure 2.14: Provincial level antimicrobial prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants in 2013, by route of administration
• Figure 3.1: DIDs, kilograms of active ingredient, and cost per 1,000 inhabitants of antimicrobials purchased by Canadian hospitals, 2001 – 2013
• Figure 3.2: Change in DIDs from 2001 – 2013 for penicillin g, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin and enzyme inhibitor, as purchased by Canadian hospitals
• Figure 3.3: Patterns in mass (kg) of active 2001 – 2013 for antimicrobials with the greatest absolute difference in purchasing from 2001 to 2013*
• Figure 3.4: Patterns in spending on antimicrobials by Canadian hospitals for antimicrobials with the greatest change in spending from 2001 to 2013
• Figure 3.5: Kilograms of active ingredients, defined daily doses, and dollars per 1,000 inhabitants for antimicrobials purchased by Canadian hospitals 2001 – 2013, by route of administration
• Figure 3.6: DIDs, kilograms of active ingredient, and cost per 1,000 inhabitants of antimicrobials purchased by hospitals in Canada, by province (2013)
• Figure C.1. Defined daily doses and cost per 1,000 inhabitant-days, by antimicrobial class and province (2013)
• Figure C.2. Cost per DDD dispensed by retail pharmacies in Canada, by province (oral antimicrobials 2000 – 2009, oral and parenteral antimicrobials 2010 – 2013)

List of Tables

• Table 1.1: Total number of office-based diagnoses, diagnosis rate, total number of antimicrobial recommendations, antimicrobial recommendation rate, and percentage of diagnoses with antimicrobial recommendations by office-based physicians in Canada, by diagnostic class, 2013
• Table 1.2: Percent of diagnoses receiving antimicrobial recommendations, provided by office-based physicians in Canada by diagnostic class, by year, 2007–2013
• Table 1.3: Number of antimicrobial recommendations by office-based physicians in Canada, by diagnostic class and year (2007 – 2013)
• Table 1.4: Diagnosis rate, antimicrobial recommendation rate and percentage of diagnosis with antimicrobial recommendation provided by office-based physicians in Canada, by age and by gender, 2013
• Table 1.5: Diagnosis rate, antimicrobial recommendation rate and percentage of diagnoses with antimicrobial recommendations provided by office-based physicians in Canada, by diagnostic class and region, 2013
• Table 1.6: Antimicrobial recommendation rate provided by office-based physicians in Canada, by diagnostic class, antimicrobial and region, 2013
• Table 2.1: Prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants of antimicrobials dispensed by retail pharmacies in Canada; oral antimicrobials (2000-2009), oral and parenteral antimicrobials (2010-2013)
• Table 2.2: Defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants of antimicrobials dispensed by retail pharmacies in Canada; oral antimicrobials (2000-2009), oral and parenteral antimicrobials (20010-2013)
• Table 2.3: Overall measures of antimicrobial use as dispensed by retail pharmacies in Canada, by route of administration (2010 – 2013)
• Table 2.4: Prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants of oral and parenteral antimicrobials dispensed by retail pharmacies in Canada; by province (2013)
• Table 2.5: Defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitant-days of oral and parenteral antimicrobials dispensed by retail pharmacies in Canada; by province (2013)
• Table 3.1: DIDs for antimicrobials purchased by hospitals in Canada, 2001 - 2013
• Table 3.2: Mass (kg) of active ingredients purchased by hospitals in Canada, 2001 - 2013
• Table 3.3: Dollars spent per 1,000 individuals for antimicrobials purchased by hospitals in Canada, 2001 - 2013
• Table 3.4: Overall measures of antimicrobial drug purchasing by Canadian hospitals 2001 – 2013, by route of administration
• Table 3.5: DIDs for antimicrobials purchased by hospitals in Canadian provinces, 2013
• Table 3.6: Mass of active ingredient purchased by hospitals in Canadian provinces, by antimicrobial, 2013
• Table 3.7.: Defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants for antimicrobials purchased by Canadian pharmacies, by antimicrobial and province (2013)
• Table 3.8.: Kilograms of active ingredient per 1,000 inhabitants for antimicrobials purchased by Canadian pharmacies, by antimicrobial and province (2013)
• Table A.1: Population values for Canadian provinces in 2013
• Table A.2: Population values for age groups, by province in 2013
• Table B.1: Total number of office-based diagnoses, diagnosis rate, total number of antimicrobial recommendations, antimicrobial recommendation rate, and percentage of diagnoses with antimicrobial recommendations by office-based physicians in Canada, by diagnostic class, 2012
• Table C.1: Anatomical Therapeutic Group (ATC) classification of antimicrobials used in Canada 2000 – 2013
• Table C.2: Mass (kg) of active ingredient dispensed by retail pharmacies in Canada; oral antimicrobials (2000-2009), oral and parenteral antimicrobials (2010-2013)
• Table C.3: Prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants of oral and parenteral antimicrobials dispensed by retail pharmacies in Canada; by province (2012)
• Table C.4: Defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants of oral and parenteral antimicrobials dispensed by retail pharmacies in Canada; by province (2012)
• Table D.1: Kilograms of active ingredient purchased by hospitals in Canada, 2001- 2013
• Table D.2: Defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants antimicrobials purchased by Canadian hospitals in 2012
• Table D.3: Mass of active ingredient (kg) per 1,000 inhabitants antimicrobials purchased by Canadian hospitals in 2012

Preamble

What's New in the 2012/2013 Report

• Tables and figures have been simplified by removing the ATC codes and "importance to human medicine" classifications from all three data sets. Results are presented at the national and provincial (or region) levels for all drugs, as well as at the individual drug level.
• Due to small numbers of observations at the individual province level, provincial data were summarized into regions for the physician diagnosis dataset. Data are now presented for Western Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba), Central Canada (Ontario and Québec), and Eastern Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador).
• Updated classification of physician diagnoses has been implemented to provide better granularity on the diseases where antimicrobial recommendations were provided.
• Non-oral drug data have been included for the pharmacy dataset. For 2010-2013, data now include oral and parenteral antimicrobial drugs. As in previous reports, data for 2000 – 2009 detail oral products only.
• Age breakdowns were added for the pharmacy dataset in order to view prescribing differences among groups. These data were available for 2010-2013, and replace the comparisons between prescriptions for liquid and tablet preparations. As the definition of a defined daily dose refers to the mass of active ingredient used per day for treatment in an adult, this measure is not used for children ≤ 17 years of age, when data are broken down by age groups. Instead, prescription rates are reported for these age groups. However, when overall data are presented (without age breakdowns), defined daily doses are calculated, and data for prescribing to children are included in these overall measurements (as in previous years.)
• Updates to the census estimates and extensive data cleaning performed for the 2012/2013 report resulted in slight changes from measures displayed in previous reports. This cleaning affected all years of data. Therefore, it is suggested that the 2012/2013 values override those presented in previous reports.

Important Notes

Abbreviations of Provinces / Regions

BC

British Columbia

AB

Alberta

SK

Saskatchewan

MB

Manitoba

ON

Ontario

QC

Québec

NB

New Brunswick

NS

Nova Scotia

PEI

Prince Edward Island

NL

Newfoundland and Labrador

PEI

Prince Edward Island

West

BC, AB, SK, and MB

Central

ON and QC

East

NB, NS, PEI, and NL

General Abbreviations

ATC

Anatomic Therapeutic Classification (ATC)

DDDs

Defined daily doses

DID

Total number of DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day (inhabitant-days)

NR

Not recommended

Rx

Prescription