Front-of-Package Nutrition Labelling: September 18, 2017 Stakeholder Engagement Meeting

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Organization: Health Canada

Type: Report

Date published: 2017-11-02

Table of Contents

Please note: This report is intended to summarize the spirit of the proceedings and discussion that took place at the Front-of-Package Nutrition Labelling Stakeholder Engagement Meeting, held in Ottawa on September 18, 2017. Participants may submit clarifications by contacting us at: healthyeating-sainealimentation@hc-sc.gc.ca. These comments will be posted on Health Canada's Openness and Transparency website.

 

Executive Summary

The incidence of chronic disease in Canada is a major health concern that not only has an impact on mortality and morbidity, but also has a large bearing on the economy in terms of direct health care costs and indirect costs, such as those related to loss of productivity.

In October 2016, the former Minister of Health released the Healthy Eating Strategy as part of the Government's vision of a healthy Canada. A part of the Strategy is a commitment by Health Canada to engage the public and stakeholders to get input on a number of interlocking initiatives to improve the food environment. One of these initiatives includes a front-of-package (FOP) labelling approach aimed at helping Canadians make healthier and more informed food choices, particularly on sugars, sodium and saturated fat.

On September 18, 2017, Health Canada brought together industry and health stakeholders, as well as academic and international experts to share and review evidence and to explore options for FOP symbols for further consultation. Health Canada representatives opened the meeting by indicating that diet-related chronic diseases are a major health problem, specifically diets high in sugars, sodium, and saturated fat. Canadians face a number of healthy eating challenges, which are being addressed by the Healthy Eating Strategy. Part of the Strategy is improving the information on food labels and FOP labelling. Health Canada has proposed FOP 'high in' nutrition symbols that would help consumers identify foods high in sugars, sodium, and saturated fat, and that could drive reformulation of some of these products, so they contain lower levels of these nutrients. Health Canada consulted on proposed symbols for a 'high in' FOP labelling approach through a pre-regulatory online consultation conducted in the fall of 2016.

The Retail Council of Canada (RCC), the Food & Consumer Products of Canada (FCPC) and the Canadian Beverage Association (CBA) each presented proposed FOP symbols that were considered at the meeting. In addition, Abacus Data presented the results of an online survey, co-funded by FCPC and CBA. There were a number of key messages from the industry presentations, including:

Academic experts from the Universities of Alberta, Toronto, and Waterloo, as well as an international expert from the Pan American Health Organization, presented research data on FOP labelling and the experiences in other countries. There were several conclusions from these presentations:

A discussion on the strengths and weaknesses of each symbol proposed by industry, Health Canada and Dietitians of Canada was held. No firm decisions were reached on which ones should be dropped or changed. It was decided that similar ones should be combined and that some positive aspects might be adopted in re-designed symbols that would be subjected to further consultations.

The Minister of Health provided closing remarks. The key message was that discussion is very important and that stakeholders are essential partners in improving the health of Canadians and implementing the initiatives outlined in the Healthy Eating Strategy.

Introduction

Background and Context

Chronic non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, are a major health concern in Canada. The incidence of Type 2 diabetes continues to increase and cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in Canada. With high rates of obesity and hypertension, as well as an aging Canadian population, the impact of chronic diseases is likely to continue to increase unless action is taken to reduce modifiable risk factors.

One of the major modifiable risk factors for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer is diet. Poor diet is a primary risk factor for chronic disease and places a high economic burden on the health care system. Costs related to unhealthy diets and other risk factors for chronic disease are estimated to be $26.7 billion annually.

Diets high in sugars, sodium, and saturated fat are strongly linked to obesity and chronic disease risk. Taking action to reduce the intakes of these nutrients in the diets of Canadians can help to reduce the incidence of obesity and chronic diseases, along with the associated economic burden.

In October, 2016, the former Minister of Health released a Healthy Eating Strategy, as part of the Government's vision of a healthy Canada, in response to several food and nutrition commitments outlined in the 2015 Mandate Letter from the Prime Minister of Canada. The Strategy ties Health Canada's ongoing nutrition efforts with new, complementary initiatives to make it easier for Canadians to choose healthier food options. The Strategy states that Canadians 'need to have the right tools to access, understand and use nutrition information to make healthier choices'. For this reason, Health Canada proposed a front-of-package (FOP) labelling approach aimed at helping Canadians make healthier and more informed food choices, particularly with respect to sugars, sodium and saturated fat.

In November of 2016, Health Canada conducted a public consultation on FOP nutrition labelling to solicit input from all interested Canadians, including: consumers; industry members and associated organizations; health professionals and associated organizations; all levels of government; academic and research experts; and non-government organizations. Over 1500 responses were received from interested stakeholders. In December 2016, Health Canada commissioned public opinion research on the symbols proposed for FOP nutrition labelling, the results of which are available on the Library and Archives Canada website. In early 2017, a cost benefit study was undertaken to quantify the proposed benefits and costs of making amendments to the Food and Drug Regulations to, among other things, require a FOP nutrition symbol on foods that contain high levels of sugars, sodium, or saturated fat. In May 2017, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada hosted a Food Processing Industry Roundtable meeting, where Roundtable members requested that Health Canada convene a stakeholder meeting to share and review evidence and explore options for FOP symbols for further consultation. In response to this request, Health Canada hosted the meeting on September 18, 2017. In the spirit of openness and transparency, the meeting was streamed live and made accessible to other interested parties who could not be physically present.

Purpose of the Report

This report summarizes the proceedings and outcomes of the FOP Nutrition Labelling Stakeholder Engagement Meeting, held in Ottawa on September 18, 2017. The meeting presentations can be ordered from the Health Canada Openness and Transparency website. Some of the views expressed are those of the participants and do not necessarily reflect those of Health Canada or the Government of Canada.

Meeting Objectives

The objectives of the meeting were to bring together a balanced mix of industry stakeholders, scientific experts and health sector representatives to share and review evidence, and to explore additional options for the design of an FOP nutrition symbol for Canada. Stakeholders were invited to submit symbol options that they wished to be included in the discussion. In order for the symbol options to achieve the public health objectives, minimize costs to industry, and align with Health Canada's health protection legislative authority, it was asked that the symbols meet the following three evidence-based criteria:

  1. Follow the 'high-in' approach;
  2. Focus on the three nutrients of public health concern (sugars, sodium and saturated fat); and
  3. Be black and white.

All symbols contributed by participants were included in the discussion on September 18th, 2017, despite not all meeting the above-listed criteria.

Symposium Participants

Food Industry Representatives:
Participant Organization
Jim Goetz ׀ President Canadian Beverage Association
Anthony van Heyningen ׀ Senior Director, Research and Policy Canadian Beverage Association
Isabelle Neiderer ׀ Director Nutrition Dairy Farmers of Canada
Jackie Crichton ׀ Chair, Dairy Regulatory/Technical Committee and Director of Regulatory Affairs Canadian Meat Council Dairy Processors Association of Canada/Canadian Meat Council
Michi Furuya Chang ׀ Vice President Scientific Affairs & Nutrition Food & Consumer Products of Canada
Carla Ventin ׀ Vice President of Federal Government Affairs Food & Consumer Products of Canada
Chris Kyte ׀ President Food Processors of Canada
Alain Brandon ׀ Senior Director, Corporate Social Responsibility and Government Relations Loblaw Companies Limited
Alison Baxter ׀ Director, Health and Wellness and Industry Relations Retail Council of Canada
David Wilkes ׀ Senior Vice President, Government Relations and Grocery Division Retail Council of Canada
Bruce Anderson, Abacus Data Invited by Food & Consumer Products of Canada and Canadian Beverage Association
Lewis Retik, Gowlings WLG
Health Stakeholder Representatives:
Participant Organization
Kelly Masotti ׀ Director, Public Issues Canadian Cancer Society
Jill Skinner ׀ Associate Director, Policy Develoment and Strategic Direction Canadian Medical Association
Ian Culbert ׀ Executive Director Canadian Public Health Association
Anne-Marie Morel ׀ Public Policies Advisor Coalition québécoise sur la problématique du poids
Dr. Seema Nagpal ׀ Epidemiologist and Senior Leader, Government Relations and Public Policy Diabetes Canada
Pat Vanderkooy ׀ Manager, Public Affairs Dietitians of Canada
Manuel Arango ׀ Director, Health Policy Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
Scientific Experts:
Participant Organization
Dr. Fabio Gomes Pan American Health Organization
Dr. Kim Raine University of Alberta
Dr. Mary L'Abbé University of Toronto
Dr. David Hammond University of Waterloo
Health Canada:
Participant Organization
Christine Donoghue ׀ Associate Deputy Minister Health Canada
Pierre Sabourin ׀ Assistant Deputy Minister Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada
Kendal Weber ׀ Acting Associate Assistant Deputy Minister Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada
Karen Mclntyre ׀ Director General Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada

Over 1800 stakeholders registered in Health Canada's Stakeholder Registry were invited to participate in the meeting via live web streaming; there were over 300 registered connections. Viewers could see presentations and hear discussions; a number of them also contributed questions to the discussions. Representatives of other government departments and agencies (Global Affairs Canada, Justice Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, and the Public Health Agency of Canada) were invited as observers.

Health Canada Introductory Presentations

Christine Donoghue and Karen McIntyre of Health Canada opened the meeting with introductory remarks to frame the agenda for the day and provide background related to the Healthy Eating Strategy.

Panel Discussions: Food Industry Perspectives on FOP Labelling

An overview of the presentations from the three food industry associations specific to their design proposals is provided below, as well as some survey results commissioned by FCPC and the CBA.

Retail Council of Canada (RCC)

Figure 1: FOP 'Check the NFt' symbol options - proposed by RCC
Figure 1 text description

This figure contains of two sets of front-of-package symbol designs with magnifying glasses, proposed by RCC.

On the left are three examples for the first set labelled 'Design Option A'. The first example contains a black and white magnifying glass icon with the text '% DV' in black font inside the lens. Extending to the right of the magnifying glass are two rounded rectangles side by side. The rectangles are white with a black outline. The first rectangle contains the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The second rectangle contains the words 'SAT FAT' on top of the words 'GRAS SAT' in bold capital black font.

The second example contains a magnifying glass icon with the text '% DV' inside the lens. Extending below it is a rounded rectangle containing the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The rectangle is white with a black outline.

The third example contains a magnifying glass icon with the text '% DV' inside the lens. Extending below it is three vertically stacked rounded rectangles. The rectangles are white with a black outline. The top rectangle contains the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The middle rectangle contains the words 'SAT FAT' on top of the words 'GRAS SAT' in bold capital black font. The bottom rectangle contains the word 'SODIUM' in bold capital black font.

On the right are three examples of the second set labelled 'Design Option B'. These examples are similar to the examples in Design Option A, but do not contain the text '%DV' in the magnifying glass lens.

The first example contains a black and white magnifying glass icon. Extending to the right of the magnifying glass are two rounded rectangles side by side. The rectangles are white with a black outline. The first rectangle contains the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The second rectangle contains the words 'SAT FAT' on top of the words 'GRAS SAT' in bold capital black font.

The second example contains a magnifying glass icon. Extending below it is a rounded rectangle containing the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The rectangle is white with a black outline.

The third example contains a magnifying glass icon. Extending below it is three vertically stacked rounded rectangles. The rectangles are white with a black outline. The top rectangle contains the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The middle rectangle contains the words 'SAT FAT' on top of the words 'GRAS SAT' in bold capital black font. The bottom rectangle contains the word 'SODIUM' in bold capital black font.

Food & Consumer Products of Canada (FCPC)

Figure 2: 'Facts Up Front' symbol - proposed by FCPC following November 2016 consultation
Figure 2 text description

This figure contains the Facts Up Front symbol proposed by FCPC. The symbol shows a light blue rectangle. Within the rectangle, the words 'PER 1 CUP SERVING - PAR PORTION 1 TASSE' in bold capital black font appear along the top.

Below the text are six thumbnail shapes in white side by side. The first thumbnail contains the text '140' in bold black font on top of the word 'CALORIES' in bold capital black font.

The second thumbnail contains the text '1g' in black font on top and just below it are the words 'SAT FAT' on top of the words 'GRAS SATURÉS' in bold capital black font. At the bottom is a horizontal black pointed oval shape with the text '5% DV/VQ' in bold capital white font.

The third thumbnail contains the text '410mg' in black font on top of the word 'SODIUM' in bold capital black font. At the bottom is a horizontal black pointed oval shape with the text '17% DV/VQ' in bold capital white font.

The fourth thumbnail contains the text '5g' in black font on top. Below it is word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font.

The fifth thumbnail contains the text '1000mg' in black font on top of the word 'POTASSIUM' in bold capital black font. At the bottom is a horizontal black pointed oval shape with the text '29% DV/VQ' in bold capital white font.

The last thumbnail contains the word 'VITAMIN' on top of the word 'VITAMINE' in bold capital black font. Below this is the letter 'A' in large bold capital black font. At the bottom is a horizontal black pointed oval shape with the text '20% DV/VQ' in bold capital white font.

Figure 3: Modified 'Facts Up Front' symbol options - proposed by FCPC
Figure 3 text description

This figure contains four front-of-package symbol designs proposed by FCPC.

The first symbol, in the top left, is the Facts Up Front symbol. The symbol shows a light blue rectangle. Within the rectangle are four thumbnail shapes in white side by side. The first thumbnail contains the text '140' in bold black font on top of the word 'CALORIES' in bold capital black font. The second thumbnail contains the text '1g' in black font on top and just below it are the words 'SAT FAT' on top of the words 'GRAS SATURÉS' in bold capital black font. At the bottom is a horizontal black pointed oval shape with the text '5% DV/VQ' in bold capital white font. The third thumbnail contains the text '410mg' in black font on top of the word 'SODIUM' in bold capital black font. At the bottom is a horizontal black pointed oval shape with the text '17% DV/VQ' in bold capital white font. The fourth thumbnail contains the text '5g' in black font on top. Below it is word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font.

The second symbol, in the top right, is a traffic light Facts Up Front symbol. It contains four thumbnail shapes with black outlines side by side. The first thumbnail contains the text 'Calories' in bold mixed-case black font on top of the number '100' in bold black font. The second, third and fourth thumbnails are divided in the middle by a horizontal black line. The top of the second thumbnail is orange with the words 'Sat fat' on top of the words 'Gras sat' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the second thumbnail is white with the text '4g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '20%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top of the third thumbnail is green with the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the third thumbnail is white with the text '5g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '5%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top of the last thumbnail is red with the word 'Sodium' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of this thumbnail is white with the text '920mg' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '40%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font.

The third symbol, in the bottom left, is a modified Facts Up Front symbol in black and white. It contains four white thumbnail shapes with black outlines side by side. The first thumbnail contains the text 'Calories' in bold mixed-case black font on top of the number '100' in bold black font. The second, third and fourth thumbnails are divided in the middle by a horizontal black line. The top half of the second thumbnail contains the word 'Moderate' on top of the words 'Quantité modérée' in mixed case black font. Just below is the words 'Sat fat' on top of the words 'Gras sat' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the second thumbnail contains the text '4g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '20%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the third thumbnail contains the words 'A Little' on top of the word 'Peu' in mixed case black font. Just below is the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the third thumbnail contains the text '5g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '5%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the fourth thumbnail contains the words 'A Lot' on top of the word 'Beaucoup' in mixed-case black font. Just below is the word 'Sodium' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of this thumbnail contains the text '920mg' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '40%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font.

The fourth symbol, in the bottom right, is a modified traffic light Facts Up Front symbol. It contains four thumbnail shapes with black outlines side by side. The first thumbnail is white and contains the text 'Calories' in bold mixed-case black font on top of the number '100' in bold black font. The second, third and fourth thumbnails are divided in the middle by a horizontal black line. The top half of the second thumbnail is orange and contains the word 'Moderate' on top of the words 'Quantité modérée' in mixed case black font. Just below is the words 'Sat fat' on top of the words 'Gras sat' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the second thumbnail is white and contains the text '4g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '20%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the third thumbnail is green and contains the words 'A Little' on top of the word 'Peu' in mixed case black font. Just below is the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the third thumbnail is white and contains the text '5g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '5%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the fourth thumbnail is red contains the words 'A Lot' on top of the word 'Beaucoup' in mixed-case black font. Just below is the word 'Sodium' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of this thumbnail is white and contains the text '920mg' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '40%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font.

Canadian Beverage Association (CBA)

Abacus Data

Figure 4: FOP symbols tested in Abacus Data survey
Figure 4 text description

This figure contains front-of-package symbol designs tested in the Abacus survey.

The set of three symbols on the left are labelled 'Split A (seen by half of respondents)'. The first symbol in this set is the modified traffic light Facts Up Front symbol. This symbol contains four thumbnail shapes with black outlines side by side. The first thumbnail is white and contains the text 'Calories' in bold mixed-case black font on top of the number '100' in bold black font. The second, third and fourth thumbnails are divided in the middle by a horizontal black line. The top half of the second thumbnail is orange and contains the word 'Moderate' on top of the words 'Quantité modérée' in mixed case black font. Just below is the words 'Sat fat' on top of the words 'Gras sat' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the second thumbnail is white and contains the text '4g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '20%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the third thumbnail is green and contains the words 'A Little' on top of the word 'Peu' in mixed case black font. Just below is the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the third thumbnail is white and contains the text '5g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '5%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the fourth thumbnail is red contains the words 'A Lot' on top of the word 'Beaucoup' in mixed-case black font. Just below is the word 'Sodium' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of this thumbnail is white and contains the text '920mg' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '40%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font.

The second symbol in this set contains a black octagon with a large white exclamation mark in the middle. Three black bars extend out from the right side of the octagon. The top black bar contains the words 'Sugars/Sucres' in white font, the middle black bar contains the words 'Sat fat/Gras sat' in white font, and the bottom black bar contains the word 'Sodium' in white font. The words 'High in/Élevée en' in black font sit above the octagon and bars. The octagon, bars, and the words together are outlined by a thin grey line.

The third symbol in this set is the modified Facts Up Front symbol in black and white. It contains four white thumbnail shapes with black outlines side by side. The first thumbnail contains the text 'Calories' in bold mixed-case black font on top of the number '100' in bold black font. The second, third and fourth thumbnails are divided in the middle by a horizontal black line. The top half of the second thumbnail contains the word 'Moderate' on top of the words 'Quantité modérée' in mixed case black font. Just below is the words 'Sat fat' on top of the words 'Gras sat' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the second thumbnail contains the text '4g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '20%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the third thumbnail contains the words 'A Little' on top of the word 'Peu' in mixed case black font. Just below is the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the third thumbnail contains the text '5g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '5%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the fourth thumbnail contains the words 'A Lot' on top of the word 'Beaucoup' in mixed-case black font. Just below is the word 'Sodium' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of this thumbnail contains the text '920mg' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '40%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font.

The set of three symbols on the right are labelled 'Split B (seen by half of respondents)'. The first symbol in this set is traffic light Facts Up Front symbol. It contains four thumbnail shapes with black outlines side by side. The first thumbnail contains the text 'Calories' in bold mixed-case black font on top of the number '100' in bold black font. The second, third and fourth thumbnails are divided in the middle by a horizontal black line. The top of the second thumbnail is orange with the words 'Sat fat' on top of the words 'Gras sat' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the second thumbnail is white with the text '4g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '20%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top of the third thumbnail is green with the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the third thumbnail is white with the text '5g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '5%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top of the last thumbnail is red with the word 'sodium' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of this thumbnail is white with the text '920mg' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '40%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font.

The second and third symbols in this set are identical to the second and third symbol in the set on the left of this figure, as previously described.

The second symbol in this set contains a black octagon with a large white exclamation mark in the middle. Three black bars extend out from the right side of the octagon. The top black bar contains the words 'Sugars/Sucres' in white font, the middle black bar contains the words 'Sat fat/Gras sat' in white font, and the bottom black bar contains the word 'Sodium' in white font. The words 'High in/Élevée en' in black font sit above the octagon and bars. The octagon, bars, and the words together are outlined by a thin grey line.

The third symbol in this set is the modified Facts Up Front symbol in black and white. It contains four white thumbnail shapes with black outlines side by side. The first thumbnail contains the text 'Calories' in bold mixed-case black font on top of the number '100' in bold black font. The second, third and fourth thumbnails are divided in the middle by a horizontal black line. The top half of the second thumbnail contains the word 'Moderate' on top of the words 'Quantité modérée' in mixed case black font. Just below is the words 'Sat fat' on top of the words 'Gras sat' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the second thumbnail contains the text '4g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '20%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the third thumbnail contains the words 'A Little' on top of the word 'Peu' in mixed case black font. Just below is the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the third thumbnail contains the text '5g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '5%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the fourth thumbnail contains the words 'A Lot' on top of the word 'Beaucoup' in mixed-case black font. Just below is the word 'Sodium' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of this thumbnail contains the text '920mg' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '40%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font.

Table Discussion Regarding Information Presented by Panellists

Key points relevant to the presentations included:

Panel Discussion: Research Expert Perspectives on FOP Labelling

Dr. Kim Raine, University of Alberta

Front-of-Package Labelling as a Policy Tool for Chronic Disease Prevention: Essential Elements

Dr. Mary L'Abbé, University of Toronto

Evidence Regarding Consumer Behaviour Towards Front-of-Pack Labelling

Dr. David Hammond, University of Waterloo

Front-of-Package Labelling - Evidence & Effective Principles

Dr. Fabio Gomes, Pan American Health Organization

Front-of-Package Labelling - evidence, policy and action

Table Discussion Regarding Information Presented by Panellists

Key points relevant to the presentations included:

Key Messages

Industry

Scientific Experts

Discussion on Proposed FOP Symbols

Figure 5: FOP symbol options presented for discussion
Figure 5 text description

This figure contains nine front-of-package symbol designs, labelled 1 through 9.

Symbol 1 contains a set of three examples of a front-of-package symbol design with magnifying glasses. The first example contains a black and white magnifying glass icon with the text '% DV' in black font inside the lens. Extending to the right of the magnifying glass are two rounded rectangles side by side. The rectangles are white with a black outline. The first rectangle contains the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The second rectangle contains the words 'SAT FAT' on top of the words 'GRAS SAT' in bold capital black font. The second example contains a magnifying glass icon with the text '% DV' inside the lens. Extending below it is a rounded rectangle containing the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The rectangle is white with a black outline. The third example contains a magnifying glass icon with the text '% DV' inside the lens. Extending below it is three vertically stacked rounded rectangles. The rectangles are white with a black outline. The top rectangle contains the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The middle rectangle contains the words 'SAT FAT' on top of the words 'GRAS SAT' in bold capital black font. The bottom rectangle contains the word 'SODIUM' in bold capital black font.

Symbol 2 contains a set of three examples of another front-of-package symbol design with magnifying glasses. These examples are similar to the examples shown in Symbol 1, but do not contain the text '%DV' in the magnifying glass lens. The first example contains a black and white magnifying glass icon. Extending to the right of the magnifying glass are two rounded rectangles side by side. The rectangles are white with a black outline. The first rectangle contains the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The second rectangle contains the words 'SAT FAT' on top of the words 'GRAS SAT' in bold capital black font. The second example contains a magnifying glass icon. Extending below it is a rounded rectangle containing the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The rectangle is white with a black outline. The third example contains a magnifying glass icon. Extending below it is three vertically stacked rounded rectangles. The rectangles are white with a black outline. The top rectangle contains the word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The middle rectangle contains the words 'SAT FAT' on top of the words 'GRAS SAT' in bold capital black font. The bottom rectangle contains the word 'SODIUM' in bold capital black font.

Between symbols 1 and 2 is a modified Nutrition Facts table, with the saturated fat, sodium and sugars information bolded. All text is in mixed-case black font. Left justified at the top of the table is the heading Nutrition Facts and stacked below it is the heading Valeur nutritive. Both are in bold. The next line is Per 2 cups open parenthesis 50 g close parenthesis. The next line is pour 2 tasses open parenthesis 50 g close parenthesis. There is a thin rule below pour 2 tasses open parenthesis 50 g close parenthesis that spans the width of the table. The next line is Calories in bold followed by the number 270, also in bold. Right justified on the same line is the subheading percent symbol Daily Value in bold. Stacked under this is percent symbol valeur quotidienne also in bold. Both Percent Daily Value and percent valeur quotidienne are followed by an asterisk that refers to a footnote at the bottom of the Nutrition Facts table. There is a thick rule under the Calories information that ends after the number 270. It does not span the width of the table. Left justified on the next line is Fat, forward slash, Lipides, in bold, followed by 14 g. Right justified on the same line is the number 19 followed by a percent symbol. Indented on the next line is Saturated, forward slash, saturés followed by 4 g, in bold. Indented on the next line is a plus symbol followed by Trans, forward slash, trans followed by 0.2 g. Right justified and vertically centered against the saturated and trans fat information on the left is the number 21 followed by a percent symbol, in bold. There is a thin rule below the trans fat information that spans the width of the table. The next line is Carbohydrate, forward slash, Glucides, in bold, followed by 32 g. Indented on the next line is Fibre, forward slash, Fibres, followed by 2 g. Right justified on the same line is the number 7 followed by a percent symbol. Indented on the next line is Sugars, forward slash, Sucres, followed by 15 g, in bold. Right justified on the same line is the number 15 followed by a percent symbol, in bold. There is a thin rule under the sugars information that spans the width of the table. The next line is Protein, forward slash, Protéines, in bold, followed by 2 g. There is a thin rule under the protein information that spans the width of the table. The next line is Cholesterol, forward slash, Cholestérol, in bold, followed by 10 mg. There is a thin rule under the cholesterol information that spans the width of the table. The next line is Sodium, followed by 350 mg, in bold. Right justified on the same line is the number 15 followed by a percent symbol, in bold. There is a thick rule under the sodium information that spans the width of the table. The next line is Potassium followed by 75 mg. Right justified on the same line is the number 2 followed by a percent symbol. There is a thin rule under the potassium information that spans the width of the table. The next line is Calcium followed by 20 mg. Right justified on the same line is the number 2 followed by a percent symbol. There is a thin rule below the calcium information that spans the width of the table. The next line is Iron, forward slash, Fer followed by 0.5 mg. Right justified on the same line is the number 3 followed by a percent symbol. There is a thick rule under the iron information that spans the width of the Nutrition Facts table. The next two lines is the percent Daily Value footnote that was referred to at the beginning of the table description. The footnote starts with an asterisk followed by the statement: 5 percent symbol or less is a little,15 percent symbol or more is a lot and on the second line is an asterisk followed by the statement: 5 percent symbol ou moins c'est peu, 15 percent symbol ou plus c'est beaucoup. The terms 'a little', 'a lot', 'peu', and 'beaucoup' are in bold. All the above are enclosed within a rectangle.

Symbol 3 is the Facts Up Front symbol. The symbol shows a light blue rectangle. Within the rectangle are the words 'PER 1 CUP SERVING - PAR PORTION 1 TASSE' in bold capital black font along the top. Below the text are six thumbnail shapes in white side by side. The first thumbnail contains the text '140' in bold black font on top of the word 'CALORIES' in bold capital black font. The second thumbnail contains the text '1g' in black font on top and just below it are the words 'SAT FAT' on top of the words 'GRAS SATURÉS' in bold capital black font. At the bottom is a horizontal black pointed oval shape with the text '5% DV/VQ' in bold capital white font. The third thumbnail contains the text '410mg' in black font on top of the word 'SODIUM' in bold capital black font. At the bottom is a horizontal black pointed oval shape with the text '17% DV/VQ' in bold capital white font. The fourth thumbnail contains the text '5g' in black font on top. Below it is word 'SUGARS' on top of the word 'SUCRES' in bold capital black font. The fifth thumbnail contains the text '1000mg' in black font on top of the word 'POTASSIUM' in bold capital black font. At the bottom is a horizontal black pointed oval shape with the text '29% DV/VQ' in bold capital white font. The last thumbnail contains the word 'VITAMIN' on top of the word 'VITAMINE' in bold capital black font. Below this is the letter 'A' in large bold capital black font. At the bottom is a horizontal black pointed oval shape with the text '20% DV/VQ' in bold capital white font.

Symbol 4 is the modified traffic light Facts Up Front symbol. This symbol contains four thumbnail shapes with black outlines side by side. The first thumbnail is white and contains the text 'Calories' in bold mixed-case black font on top of the number '100' in bold black font. The second, third and fourth thumbnails are divided in the middle by a horizontal black line. The top half of the second thumbnail is orange and contains the word 'Moderate' on top of the words 'Quantité modérée' in mixed case black font. Just below is the words 'Sat fat' on top of the words 'Gras sat' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the second thumbnail is white and contains the text '4g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '20%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the third thumbnail is green and contains the words 'A Little' on top of the word 'Peu' in mixed case black font. Just below is the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the third thumbnail is white and contains the text '5g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '5%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the fourth thumbnail is red contains the words 'A Lot' on top of the word 'Beaucoup' in mixed-case black font. Just below is the word 'Sodium' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of this thumbnail is white and contains the text '920mg' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '40%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font.

Symbol 5 shows one black octagon with a large white exclamation mark in the middle. Three black bars extend out from the right side of the octagon. The top black bar contains the words 'Sat fat/Gras sat' in white mixed-case font, the middle black bar contains the words 'Sugars/Sucres' in white mixed-case font, and the bottom black bar contains the word 'Sodium' in white mixed-case font. The words 'High in/Élevée en' in black mixed-case font sit above the octagon and bars. The words 'Health Canada/Santé Canada in black mixed-case font sit below the octagon and bars. The octagon, bars, and the words together are enclosed in a rectangle.

Symbol 6 shows a large black exclamation mark. Beside it on the right, are three black bars. The top black bar contains the words 'Sat fat/Gras sat" in white mixed-case font, the middle black bar contains the words 'Sugars/Sucres' in white mixed-case font, and the bottom black bar contains the word 'Sodium' in white mixed-case font. The words 'High in/Élevée en' in black mixed-case font sit above the exclamation mark and bars. The words 'Health Canada/Santé Canada mixed-case sit below the exclamation mark and bars. The exclamation mark, bars, and the words together are enclosed in a rectangle.

Symbol 7 is traffic light Facts Up Front symbol. It contains four thumbnail shapes with black outlines side by side. The first thumbnail contains the text 'Calories" in bold mixed-case black font on top of the number '100' in bold black font. The second, third and fourth thumbnails are divided in the middle by a horizontal black line. The top of the second thumbnail is orange with the words 'Sat fat' on top of the words 'Gras sat' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the second thumbnail is white with the text '4g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '20%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top of the third thumbnail is green with the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the third thumbnail is white with the text '5g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '5%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top of the last thumbnail is red with the word 'sodium' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of this thumbnail is white with the text '920mg' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '40%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font.

Symbol 8 is the modified Facts Up Front symbol in black and white. It contains four white thumbnail shapes with black outlines side by side. The first thumbnail contains the text 'Calories' in bold mixed-case black font on top of the number '100' in bold black font. The second, third and fourth thumbnails are divided in the middle by a horizontal black line. The top half of the second thumbnail contains the word 'Moderate' on top of the words 'Quantité modérée' in mixed case black font. Just below is the words 'Sat fat' on top of the words 'Gras sat' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the second thumbnail contains the text '4g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '20%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the third thumbnail contains the words 'A Little' on top of the word 'Peu' in mixed case black font. Just below is the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of the third thumbnail contains the text '5g' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '5%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font. The top half of the fourth thumbnail contains the words 'A Lot' on top of the word 'Beaucoup' in mixed-case black font. Just below is the word 'Sodium' in bold mixed case black font. The bottom of this thumbnail contains the text '920mg' in bold black font. Below it is a black circle with the text '40%' on top of the text 'DV/VQ' in capital white font.

Symbol 9 shows a black inverted triangle with a large white exclamation mark in the middle. Three black bars extend out from the right side of the triangle. The top black bar contains the words 'Sat fat/Gras sat' in white mixed-case font, the middle black bar contains the words 'Sugars/Sucres ' in white mixed-case font, and the bottom black bar contains the word 'Sodium' in white mixed-case font. The words 'High in/Élevée en' in black mixed-case font sit above the triangle and bars. The words 'Health Canada/Santé Canada' in black mixed-case font sit below the triangle and bars. The triangle, bars, and the words together are enclosed in a rectangle.

The symbols submitted by both Health Canada and other organizations were presented for discussion (Figure 5). The strengths and weaknesses of each were discussed. The following summaries include comments from online participants.

Discussion on FOP Nutrition Symbol Strengths and Weaknesses

Symbol 1: 'Check the NFt' symbol, with no % DV - proposed by RCC
Strengths Weaknesses
  • Gives consumer information on the front of package and encourages them to look further on the back, with key nutrients bolded
  • Ties in with previous consumer education campaign - consumers are familiar with the magnifying glass and bolded text - there is evidence that the consumer understands the symbol
  • Highlights nutrients of concern on the FOP without scaring them
  • Greater flexibility in design for packaging (vertical and horizontal)
  • Inference that because the information on the nutrients is presented on the front of pack, these are nutrients of concern (no consensus on this)
  • Does not tell you why - are these nutrients to seek out or to avoid?
  • Is not sufficiently interpretive (questionable)
  • Symbol would be easier to understand if it included 'high in' on the inside of the magnifying glass
  • Does not convey an 'alert' ---- there is no clear communication of risk
  • Drawing attention to the Nutrition Facts table may also be a weakness because the NFt requires more time and interpretation
  • For some, the magnifying glass does not make the link to the NFt
  • Will do nothing to reduce current disparities
  • Adds a new complexity to nutrition claims
Symbol 2: 'Check the NFt' symbol, with % DV - proposed by RCC
Strengths Weaknesses

See Symbol 1 plus:

  • By adding %DV, this ties in even more strongly with the original education campaign

See Symbol 1 plus:

  • % DV can add to consumer confusion
Symbol 3: 'Facts Up Front' symbol - proposed by FCPC
Strengths Weaknesses
  • The symbol is in black and white
  • The focus is on the nutrients of concern
  • It provides information on calories, an important additional element that enhances understanding
  • It is factual and non-judgmental
  • It allows people to think about daily consumption by giving minimal information
  • It has been tested in other jurisdictions and is similar to those used by other NAFTA partners
  • It does not trigger 'alarm'
  • Calories without portion size is not useful
  • There is a lot of data, but nothing to nudge people in any direction
  • It fails the criteria of simplicity and interpretation
  • In research studies, this system performed the least well
  • It provides data, but not information for those at the highest risk
  • It does not allow for comparisons of products with different portion and package sizes*
  • It requires more time to interpret
  • It requires more education to interpret
  • It is less likely to encourage reformulation
*Note that serving sizes will be standardized under the new regulations.
Symbol 4: 'Facts Up Front' symbol, with colour and descriptive interpretation - proposed by FCPC
Strengths Weaknesses
  • There is an added focus on calories
  • It is interpretive, fast and does not rely strictly on numbers
  • It can easily be dove-tailed into an education campaign
  • It complements existing nutrition education campaigns
  • It provides a nice balance between having too much and not enough information
  • It is universally understood, with red, yellow and green colours
  • It provides two levels of information, numerical and symbolic (colour)
  • It provides information for food literate individuals
  • Colour blind individuals can still get the message by reading the symbol
  • It behaves more as an alert to avoid red
  • It is not good for colour blind/visually impaired individuals
  • It repeats the NFt information
  • There is a large cognitive burden, with 4 or 5 different levels of information
  • It slows the decision making process
  • There is the potential for confusion with green alongside red
  • It is a complicated system for comparison of products
  • The symbols might get lost on a colourful package
  • On small packages, it will be difficult to read
  • The take-home message is lost in the way that this is presented. It should be: a lot, moderate, and a little.
  • It does not provide an interpretation for calories
  • The green increases the appetite for the product
  • It would have to be a universal system that is applied to all foods
  • Colour will add additional cost if applied to all food products - there is a range of application issues
Symbol 5: 'High in' symbol, with stop sign shape and exclamation point - proposed by Health Canada
Strengths Weaknesses
  • It is clear what the symbol is about - stop signs and exclamation marks indicate nutrients of concern
  • It is black and white with high contrast
  • The use of the Health Canada identification provides additional credibility
  • It is smaller, therefore more practical
  • It has a border and distinct colour
  • It uses straight lines which help with finding the label on food packages
  • It required less time to interpret
  • It requires less knowledge to use
  • It is simple and does not require high cognitive skills
  • It would drive reformulation
  • It is attention-grabbing and conveys an alert
  • It facilitates comparisons. The logo is either there or not
  • A red stop sign would be more powerful
  • It would be more salient if there was a symbol for each nutrient of concern
  • It is oversimplified
  • There is no evidence that this symbol will encourage reformulation or gradual reduction
  • It is a blunt statement that does not facilitate comparisons of similar products that display the symbol, but that have different levels of the nutrient
  • It is alarming as opposed to alerting The stop sign means that the product is damaging
  • Stop and yield signs are used as warning labels on hazardous products (chemical hazard symbols)
Symbols 6: 'High in' symbols, with exclamation point but no stop sign shape - proposed by Health Canada
Strengths Weaknesses
See Symbol 5 See Symbol 5 plus
  • The explanation mark without context is meaningless
  • Presentation of tiered nutrients is confusing (highest tier highest in product?)
Symbol 7: 'Facts Up Front' symbol, with colour interpretation - proposed by FCPC
Strengths Weaknesses
See Symbol 4 plus:
  • There is one level less of information for consumers - this could be a strength or a weakness
  • To resolve the universality issue, threshold above or below which the symbol would not have to be used could be established
See Symbol 4
Symbol 8: 'Facts Up Front' symbol, with descriptive interpretation - proposed by FCPC
Strengths Weaknesses
See Symbol 4 plus:
  • Removes the colour blindness issue
See Symbol 4 plus:
  • There is no indication of risk - it only provides information
  • Calories without portion size is a shortcoming
  • There are legibility concerns

Symbol 9: 'High in' symbol, with inverted triangle (i.e. yield sign) point only - proposed by Health Canada

Please refer to strengths and weaknesses of Symbol 6.

Symbol 10: 'Attention!' symbols, with stop sign shapes - proposed by Dietitians of Canada

An additional proposal, (Symbol 10) was developed and presented at the meeting by the representative from Dietitians of Canada (Figure 6).

Figure 6: Symbol proposed by the Dietitians of Canada representative
Figure 6 text description

This figure contains drawings of two front-of-package symbol designs in black marker, proposed by Dietitians of Canada. The top symbol contains the words 'Attention! High in/Elève (sic) en', with two octagons below it side by side. The first octagon contains the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres'. The second octagon contains the words 'Saturated fat' on top of the words 'Gras sat'. Below the octagons are the words 'Health Canada/Santé Canada'. The words and octagons are enclosed in a rectangle.

The bottom symbol contains the words 'High in/Elève (sic) en'. Below this are two octagons and an exclamation mark side by side. The first octagon contains the word 'Sodium' and the second octagon contains the word 'Sugars' on top of the word 'Sucres'. Below the octagons and exclamation mark are the words 'Health Canada/Santé Canada'. The words, octagons, and exclamation mark are enclosed in a rectangle.

Symbol 10: Symbol proposed by the Dietitians of Canada representative
Strengths Weaknesses
N/A
  • It does not give Canadians enough to make informed decisions
  • Too busy, cannot be interpreted quickly

The question of whether or not any of the designs should be dropped or changed was posed. The following key points came out of the discussion:

Closing Remarks

Minister of Health and Assistant Deputy Minister

The Minister of Health, Ginette Petitpas Taylor, addressed the participants at the meeting. She made the following points:

Pierre Sabourin, Assistant Deputy Minister, concluded the meeting by re-emphasizing the public health imperative, the objectives of FOP nutrition labeling, and the next steps. Mr. Sabourin indicated that participants would receive a letter inviting them to submit revised symbols that are compatible with the evidence-based criteria discussed during the meeting. These evidence-based criteria are intended to help ensure the FOP approach achieves the public health objectives and align with Health Canada's health protection legislative authority. Symbol submissions will be reviewed by Health Canada and used to form the basis of the next formal stakeholder engagement on the Health Eating Strategy, planned for November. Mr. Sabourin thanked all of the participants for their contribution as well as those who helped plan and organize the meeting.

Meeting presentations will be available on the Health Canada Openness and Transparency website.

Questions from Online Participants and Answers

In the spirit of openness and transparency, the meeting was streamed live and made accessible to interested parties who could not be physically present at the meeting. There were over 300 registered connections. Viewers could see presentations and hear discussions; a number of them sent in questions and comments. Most of the comments on symbols received from online participants were captured as part of the discussions and are reflected in this report. Below are the questions received that were not addressed during the meeting, and the corresponding responses from Health Canada.

1. Abacus data seemed to imply that Canadians have all the information they need/want. Does Health Canada have evidence that Canadians need information about nutrients of concern on the front of the package?

There is an urgent public health need to confront obesity and chronic diseases. Canadians eat too much sodium, sugars and saturated fat. This increases their risk of obesity and chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes and some cancers. FOP labelling is one of several initiatives that Health Canada is undertaking to help Canadians make healthier food choices. Along with improvements to the Nutrition Facts table and revisions to Canada's Food Guide, FOP labelling will provide information that consumers need to make healthier choices.

In addition, during the nutrition labelling consultations in 2014 and 2015, consumers and public health advocates expressed interest in having one government-led FOP system to help Canadians make healthy food choices.

In his presentation, Dr. David Hammond cited a study that indicated that 80% of consumers consulted would like to support government policy that would require 'high in sugars' symbols on the front of food packages.

2. Why does Health Canada expect FOP nutrition labelling to be effective at helping consumers make healthier choices?

Research has shown that information on the front of packages influences food purchases and the perception of how healthy a food is.

FOP labelling is not new. Manufacturers have been using symbols and nutrition claims-such as 'excellent source of fibre' and 'trans-fat free'-on the front of food packages for many years. FOP labelling has helped manufacturers highlight the positive attributes of food and to market their products.

Health Canada wants to ensure that the negative attributes of food products are also represented on the front of the package. This will help Canadians make informed choices.

There is evidence to support the role of front-of-package labelling in helping consumers identify healthier food options. In addition, nutrient-specific and interpretive approaches most consistently help consumers to do so.

Based on a review of consumer research studies and international experience, Health Canada concluded that a mandatory 'high in' front-of-package labelling system is the most appropriate labelling tool to help address the burden of chronic disease in Canada.

3. What can we learn from Chile's experience?

There is increasing international momentum for front-of-package as a regulatory initiative to address the global human and economic burden of chronic, non-communicable diseases. Other countries, such as Chile and Ecuador, have started implementing front-of-package warning symbols.

Chile implemented 'high in' FOP labelling in 2016. An evaluation post implementation indicated that 92.9% of consumers recognize the symbols. In addition, 91.6% of consumers said it influences their purchase in some way (choose product with less warning, don't buy, or purchase less). This study also determined that since implementation, 18% of products have been reformulated (e.g. 65% of dairy, 48% of processed meat products).

4. Will Health Canada's proposed approach say that nutrient-dense foods are unhealthy?

Many factors-such as taste, price, marketing and nutritional value-affect food choices. FOP labelling is just one tool that can help Canadians make healthier food choices when comparing similar products at the grocery store.

Within food categories, some foods would carry the FOP symbol, while others would not. For example, flavoured milk and yogurt, seasoned potato chips and regular soft drinks would carry the FOP symbol, whereas plain milk and yogurt, some potato chips and diet soft drinks would not. This would encourage consumers to choose foods without the FOP symbol more often.

5. Why is Health Canada proposing to introduce front-of-package labelling only on packaged foods, but not on foods sold behind the counter and in restaurants?

Health Canada is proposing to require front-of-package labelling on foods that have a Nutrition Facts table. Foods sold behind the counter and in restaurants are currently exempt from nutrition labelling requirements for a variety of reasons, including costs, lack of standardization of recipes (which make generating accurate nutrient values challenging)

Health Canada recognizes that this is a gap and will examine this issue in the future and continue to work with provincial and territorial counterparts to find the best way to provide nutrition information in restaurants and other food service establishments.

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