Éthylène glycol : contenu final, références

Références

[ACC] American Chemistry Council. 2005. Ethylene glycol: 12-month dietary toxicity study in Wistar rats. Study ID: 031079.

[ACPCS] Association canadienne de produits de consommation spécialisés. 2002. Lettre adressée à la Division du contrôle des produits chimiques, Environnement Canada, datée du 23 décembre 2002, au sujet de l'éthylène glycol se trouvant dans les nettoyants pour baignoires et pour tuiles.

[ACPCS] Association canadienne de produits de consommation spécialisés. 2007. Courriel adressé à la Division de la gestion des substances toxiques, Santé Canada, daté du 1er novembre 2007, au sujet de l'éthylène glycol se trouvant dans les produits de finition et les scellants pour planchers.

Aéroports de Montréal. 1998. Évaluation des opérations de dégivrage, saison 1997-1998, Aéroports Internationaux de Montréal-Dorval et Mirabel. Préparé par la Direction Environnement, Aéroports de Montréal.

Aéroports de Montréal. 1999. Évaluation des opérations de dégivrage, saison 1998-1999, Aéroports Internationaux de Montréal-Dorval et Mirabel. Préparé par la Direction Environnement, Aéroports de Montréal.

Amstrup, S.C., Gardner, C., Meyers, K.C., Oehme, F.W. 1989. Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning in a free-ranging polar bear. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 31(4):317­319.

[ARLA] Agence de réglementation de la lutte antiparasitaire. 2009. Courriel envoyé au Bureau de l'évaluation des risques de Santé Canada au sujet de l'éthylène glycol utilisé dans les produits pesticides.

Association canadienne de l'industrie de la peinture et du revêtement. 2008. Commentaires au sujet de la proposition du gouvernement voulant que l'éthylène glycole (CAS NO CAS 107-21-1) utilisé dans la peinture au latex répond aux critères d'une substance toxique à inclure à l'annexe 1 de l'article 64 de la LCPE (1999).

[ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Draft Toxicological Profile for Ethylene Glycol. Atlanta (GA) : Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. p. 179-181.

Beasley, V.R. 1985. Diagnosis and management of ethylene glycol (anti-freeze) poisoning. Feline Pract. 15(1):41­46.

Beasley, V.R., Buck, W.B. 1980. Acute ethylene glycol toxicosis: a review. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 22(4):255­263.

Black, P.R. 1983. Ethylene glycol intoxication in cats. Mod. Vet. Pract. 64:733­734.

Booth, E.D., Dofferhoff, O., Boogaard, P.J., Watson, W.P. 2004. Comparison of the metabolism of ethylene glycol and glycolic acid in vitro by precision-cut tissue slices from female rat, rabbit and human liver. Xenobiotica 34(1):31­48.

Budavari S., O’Neil, M.J., Smith, A., Heckelman, P.E. 1989. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 11th ed. Rahway (NJ) : Merck and Co.

[CA/ICCA] International Council of Chemical Associations. SIAM 18. Avril 2004. SIDS initial assessment profile on glycols.

[CAA] Calgary Airport Authority. 1999. 1998/99 water quality monitoring program. Calgary (Alb.)

Canada. Service de la conservation de l'environnement. 1985. Enviro TIPS (Technical Information for Problem Spills). Volume 19 - Éthilèneglycol. No de catalogue EN48-10/47-1985E. Ottawa (Ont.) : Service de la conservation de l'environnement, Direction des services techniques.

Canada. Ministère de l'Environnement. 1994. Décret du Conseil. Lignes directrices sur le glycol. P.C. 1994-106, le 20 janvier 1994, Gazette du Canada. Partie I, le 5 février 1994. (consulté le 14 nov. 2007).

Canada. 1999. Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement (1999), L.C. 1999, c. 33. Partie III. vol. 22, no 3 (format PDF, 1649 ko, page 3). (consulté le 3 août 2007).

Canada. Ministère de l'Environnement, ministère de la Santé. 2000. Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement (1999) : Avis de suspension de la période de cinq ans concernant le chlorure d'aluminium, le nitrate d'aluminium, le sulfate d'aluminium, substance inscrite sur la Liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire [paragraphe 78(2)] (format PDF, 1043 ko, page 4), Gazette du Canada. Partie I, vol. 134, no 49, 2 Décembre 2000. [consulté le 14 novembre 2007].

Caravati, E.M., Erdman, A.R., Christianson, G., Manoguerra, A.S., Booze, L.L., et al. 2005. Ethylene glycol exposure: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out­of­hospital management. Clin. Toxicol. 43(5):327­345.

Carney, E.W., Freshour, N.L., Dittenber, D.L., Dryzga, M.D. 1999. Ethylene glycol developmental toxicity: unravelling the roles of glycolic acid and metabolic acidosis. Toxicol. Sci. 50(1):117­126.

Carney, E.W., Liberacki, A.B., Tornesi, B.,Markham, D.A. 2001. Dose-rate is a critical determinant of ethylene glycol developmental toxicity in rats. Teratology 63(6):263 (résumé).

Carney, E.W., Liberacki, A.B., Tornesi, B., Weitz, K.K., Luders, T.L., Corely, R.A. 2002. Ethylene glycol kinetics in pregnant rats: differences between slow and fast dose-rate exposures. Toxicologist 66(1-S):139.

Carstens, J., Csanady, G.A., Faller, T.H., Filser, J.G. 2003. Human inhalation exposure to ethylene glycol. Arch. Toxicol. 77(8):425­432.

Carstens, J., Csanady G.A., Filser J.G. 2002. Human inhalation exposure to 13C2-ethylene glycol vapours. Reprod. Toxicol. 16(4):436­437.

Chang, J.C.S. 2001. Capstone Report on the Development of a Standar Test Method for VOC Emissions from Interior Latex and Alkyd Paints [en ligne]. Research Triangle Park (NC) : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Accès : http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r01093/600R01093.pdf

Chang, J.C.S., Tichenor, B.A., Guo, Z., Krebs, K.A. 1997. Substrate effects on VOC emissions form a latex paint. Indoor Air. 7:241-247.

Chaulk, J. 2003. Model study of ethylene glycol use at select Canadian airports and effects on dissolved oxygen under various ice cover and no-ice cover conditions. Rapport préliminaire inédit. Environnement Canada.

Chinn, H. 2007. CEH marketing research report: Ethylene glycols [en ligne]. Menlo Park (CA) : SRI Consulting (en anglais seulement) (SRIC). Accès : http://www.sriconsulting.com/CEH/Public/Reports/index.html [réserve de consultation].

[CIH] Conférence internationale sur l'harmonisation. 1997. ICH Topic Q3C Impurities: Residual Solvents. Step 4, Consensus Guideline, 17 July 1997. Note for Guidance on Impurities: Residual Solvents. Accès : http://www.tga.gov.au/docs/pdf/euguide/ich/028395en.pdf [consulté en octobre 2007].

[CIS] Camford Information Services. 2003. Ethylene glycols profile. 4 p.

[ConsExpo] Consumer Exposure Model (en anglais seulement) [en ligne]. 2007. Version 4.1. Bilthoven (Pays-Bas) : Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (Institut national néérlandais de la santé publique et de l'environnement).

Corley, R.A., Bartels, M.J., Carney, E.W., Weitz, K.K., Soelbergy, J.J., Gies, R.A., Thrall, K.D. 2005a. Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for ethylene glycol and its metabolite, glycolic acid, in rats and humans. Toxicol. Sci. 85(1):476­490.

Corley, R.A., Meek, M.E., Carney, E.W. 2005b. Mode of action: oxalate crystal-induced renal tubule degeneration and glycolic acid-induced dysmorphogenesis--renal and developmental effects of ethylene glycol. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 35(8­9):691­702.

Corley, R.A., Wilson, D.M., Hard G.C., Stebbins, K.E., Bartels, M.J., et al. 2008. Dosimetry considerations in the enhanced sensitivity of male Wistar rats to chronic ethylene glycol-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 228(2):165-178.

Corsi, S.R., Harwell, G.R., Geis, S.W., Bergman, D. 2006a. Impacts of deicer and anti-icer runoff on receiving waters from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Texas, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 25(11):2890­2900.

Corsi, S.R., Geis, S.W., Loyo-Rosales, J.E., Rice, C.P., Sheesley, R.J., Failey, G.G., Cancilla, D.A. 2006b. Characterization of aircraft deicer and anti-icer components and toxicity in airport snowbanks and snowmelt runoff. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40(10):3195­3202.

Cruzan, G., Corley, R.A., Hard, G.C., Mertens, J.J., McMartin, K.E., Snellings, W.M., Gingell, R., Deyo, J.A. 2004. Subchronic toxicity of ethylene glycol in Wistar and F­344 rats related to metabolism and clearance of metabolites. Toxicol. Sci. 81(2):502­511.

DePass, L.R., Garman, R.H., Woodside, M.D., Ellis Giddens, W., Maronpot, R.R., Weil, C.S. 1986. Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity studies of ethylene glycol in rats and mice. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 7:547-565.

[DHM] Direction de l'hygiène du milieu. 1998. Exposure factors for assessing total daily intake of Priority Substances by the general population of Canada. Rapport provisoire interne inédit. Le 18 décembre 1998. Ottawa (Ont.) : Bureau des dangers des produits chimiques, Santé Canada.

Dinwoodie, G. 1996. Communication personnelle au sujet des données sommaires concernant la concentration d'éthylène glycol dans le sol. Contaminated Sites and Decommissioning Branch, Alberta Environmental Protection. (Tiré du SoS Report, 2000.)

Environnement Canada. 1997. Results of the CEPA Section 16 Notice respecting the second Priority Substances List and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Hull (Qc) : Section de l'utilisation des produits. Direction de l'évaluation des produits chimiques commerciaux.

Environnement Canada. Santé Canada. 2000. Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement (1999): Liste des substances d'intérêt prioritaire, rapport d'évaluation : éthylène glycol. Disponible sur demande.

Gaunt, I.F., Hardy, J., Gangolli, S.D., Butterworth, K.R., Lloyd, A.G. 1974. Short-term toxicity of monoethylene glycol in the rat. Carshalton, Surrey (Royaume-Uni) : BIBRA International p. 1­31. (Research Report 4/1974).

Gerin, M., Patrice S., Begin D., Goldberg M.S., Vyskocil A., Adib G., Drolet D., Viau C. 1997. A study of ethylene glycol exposure and kidney function of aircraft de-icing workers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 69:255-265.

Grauer, G.F., Thrall, M. 1986. Ethylene glycol (anti-freeze) poisoning. In: Kirk, R.W. (éditeur). Current Veterinary Therapy IX. Philadelphia (PA) : W.B. Saunders. p. 206­212.

Green, M.L., Hatch, M., Freel, R.W. 2005. Ethylene glycol induces hyperoxaluria without metabolic acidosis in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 289(3):F536-F543.

[GTAA] Greater Toronto Airport Authority. 2005. Sustainability Report, 2005.

Guo, C., McMartin, K.E. 2005. The cytotoxicity of oxalate, metabolite of ethylene glycol, is due to calcium oxalate monohydrate formation. Toxicology 208(3):347­355.

Guo, C., Li, Y., Crenshaw, B., McMartin K. 2005. Effects of ethylene glycol metabolites on various cytotoxicity parameters in human proximal tubule cells. The Toxicologist 84(s-1):433.

Hess, R., Bartels, M.J., Pottenger, L.H. 2004. Ethylene glycol: an estimate of tolerable levels of exposure based on a review of animal and human data. Arch. Toxicol. 78(12):671­680.

Hine, J., Mookerjee, P.K. 1975. The intrinsic hydrophilic character of organic compounds. Correlations in terms of structural contributions. J. Org. Chem. 40(3):292­298 [cité dans Mackay et al., 1995].

Hirose, M., Tozawa, K., Okada, A., Hamamoto, S., Shimizu, H., et al. 2008. Glyoxylate induces renal tubular cell injury and microstructural changes in experimental mice. Urol. Res. 36:139-147.

Hodgson, A.T., Rudd, A.F., Beal, D., Chandra, S. 2000. Volatile organic compound concentrations and emission rates in new manufactured and site-built houses. Indoor Air 10(3):178­192.

Howard, P.H. (éditeur). 1990. Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals.Vol. II. Solvents. Chelsea (MI) : Lewis Publishers.

Howe, 1995. THRESH: A computer program to compute a reference dose from quantal animal toxicity data using the benchmark dose method. Ruston (LA) : ICF Kaiser Engineers, Inc.

Huang, H.S., Ma, M.C., Chen, J., Chen, C.F. 2003. Changes in renal hemodynamics and urodynamics in rats with chronic hyperoxaluria and after acute oxalate infusion: role of free radicals. Neurourol. Urodyn. 22(2):176­182.

Huang, H.S., Ma, M.C., Chen, J., Chen, C.F. 2002. Changes in the oxidant-antioxidant balance in the kidney of rats with nephrolithiasis induced by ethylene glycol. J. Urol. 167(6):2584­2593.

Huang, H.S., Chen, C.F., Chien, C.T., Chen, J. 2000. Possible biphasic changes of free radicals in ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in rats. BJU Int. 85(9):1143­1149.

Huttner, H.B., Berger, C., Schwab, S. 2005. Severe ethylene glycol intoxication mimicking acute basilar artery occlusion. Neurocrit. Care 3(2):171­173.

ICI Canada. 2007. Lettre de ICI Canada à la Division des substances existantes au sujet de la Publication concernant l'évaluation d'une substance - l'éthylène glycol (CAS No. 107-21-1) Gazette du Canada, partie I. Le 1er décembre 2007. Datée du 28 janvier 2008.

[INRP] Inventaire national des rejets de polluants. 2005. Recherche en ligne des données de l'INRP.

Jovanovic, M.L. 2008. In vitro percutaneous absorption of neat and formulated 14C-ethylene glycol (14C-EG) through human skin using the Bronaugh Diffusion Cells. Rapport inédit de Dow Corning Corporation.

Kersting, E.J., Nielsen, S.W. 1965. Ethylene glycol poisoning in small animals. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 146:113­118.

Khan, S.R., Johnson, J.M., Peck, A.B., Cornelius, J.G., Glenton, P.A. 2002. Expression of osteopontin in rat kidneys: induction during ethylene glycol induced calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J. Urol. 168(3):1173­1181.

Klug, S., Merker, H.J., Jackh, R. 2001. Effects of ethylene glycol and metabolites on in vitro development of rat embryos during organogenesis. Toxicol. in Vitro 15(6):635­642.

Krenova, M., Pelclova, D. 2005. Course of intoxications due to concurrent ethylene glycol and ethanol ingestion. Przegl. Lek. 62(6):508­510.

Laitinen, J., Liesivuori, J., Savolainen, H. 1995. Exposure to glycols and their renal effects in motor servicing workers. Occup. Med. 45:259-262.

Leth, P.M., Gregersen, M. 2005. Ethylene glycol poisoning. Forensic Sci. Int. 155(2­3):179­184.

Lewis, R.J. 2007. Hawley’s Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 15th ed. New York (NY) : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

McMartin, K.E., Wallace, K.B. 2005. Calcium oxalate monohydrate, a metabolite of ethylene glycol, is toxic for rat renal mitochondrial function. Toxicol. Sci. 84(1):195­200.

McMartin, K.E., Guo, C. 2007. Binding and internalization of oxalate crystals by proximal tubule cells from humans and rats is related to oxalate cytotoxicity. The Toxicologist 96(S-1):264-265.

Mohanasundari, M., Sabesan, M., Sethupathy, S. 2005. Renoprotective effect of grape seeds extract in ethylene glycol induced nephrotoxic mice. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 43(4):356­359.

Morfin, J., Chin, A. 2005. Images in clinical medicine. Urinary calcium oxalate crystals in ethylene glycol intoxication. N. Engl. J. Med. 353(24):e21.

Nielsen, R., Malcolm, H.M., Dobson, S. 1993. Environmental hazard assessment: Ethylene glycol. Garston, Watford (Royaume-Uni) : Toxic Substances Division, Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment.

Neeper-Bradley, T.L., Tyl, R.W., Fisher, L.C., Kubena, M.F., Vrbanic, M.A., Losco, P.E. 1995. Determination of a no-observed-effect level for developmental toxicity of ethylene glycol administered by gavage to CD rats and CD-1 mice. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 27(1):121­130.

[NLM] National Library of Medicine. 2009. Household Products Database - en anglais seulement [base de données sur Internet]. [consultée le 20 fév. 2009].

[NTP] National Toxicology Program. [CERHR] Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction. 2004. NTP-CERHR monograph on the potential human reproductive and developmental effects of ethylene glycol. NIH Publication No. 04-4481. Accès : http://cerhr.niehs.nih.gov/chemicals/egpg/ethylene/EG_Monograph.pdf [consulté le 19 sept. 2008].

[OCDE] Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques. 2009. SIDS Initial Assessment Report for SIAM 18. Ethylene Glycol Category. Accès : http://cs3-hq.oecd.org/scripts/hpv/

Oehme, F.W. 1983. Ethylene glycol (anti-freeze) poisoning. In: Kirk, R.W. (éditeur), Current Veterinary Therapy. VIII. Philadelphie (PA) : W.B. Saunders. p. 114­116.

Ontario. Ministère de l'Environnement et de l'Énergie. 1994. Windsor Air Quality Study: TAGA 6000 Survey Results. Imprimeur de la Reine pour l'Ontario. 63 p.

O’Neil, M.J. (éditeur). 2006. The Merck Index: an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals. Whitehorse Station (NJ).

Osweiler, G.D., Carson, T.L., Buck, W.B. 1985. Clinical and Diagnostic Veterinary Toxicology. 3rd ed. Dubuque (IA) : Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co. 494 p.

Parker, W. 1999. A probabilistic application of the Streeter-Phelps model for evaluation of stream water quality impacts from aircraft deicing operations in Canada. Document inédit préparé pour Environnement Canada. Ottawa (Ont.) : Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University.

Penumarthy, L., Oehme, F.W. 1975. Treatment of ethylene glycol toxicosis in cats. Am. J. Vet. Res. 36(2):209­212.

Pillard, D.A. 1995. Comparative toxicity of formulated glycol deicers and pure ethylene and propylene glycol to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 14:311­315.

Poldelski, V., Johnson, A., Wright, S., Rosa, V.D., Zager, R.A. 2001. Ethylene glycol-mediated tubular injury: identification of critical metabolites and injury pathways. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 38(2):339­348.

Pottenger, L.H., Carney, E.W., Bartels, M.J. 2001. Dose-dependent nonlinear pharmacokinetics of ethylene glycol metabolites in pregnant (GD 10) and nonpregnant Sprague-Dawley rats following oral administration of ethylene glycol. Toxicol. Sci. 62(1):10­19.

Riddell, C., Nielsen, S.W., Kersting, E.J. 1967. Ethylene glycol poisoning in poultry. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 150(12):1531­1535.

[RTECS] Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. [non daté]. KW2975000. Ethylene Glycol. [mis à jour en mai 2009]. National Institute for Occupational safety and Health.

Rumack, B.H. POISINDEX® Information System. Microdex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2003; CCIS Volume 116, edition exp May 2003. Hall, A.H. & Rumack, B.H. (Eds): TOMES® Information System

Schuler R.L., Hardin, B.D., Niemeier, R.W., Booth, G., Hazelden, K., Piccirillo, V., Smith, K. 1984. Results of testing fifteen glycol ethers in a short-term in vivo reproductive toxicity assay - en anglais seulement (format PDF, 1012 ko). Environ. Health Perspect. 57:141­146. [consulté le 15 nov. 2007].

Sciences International, Inc. 2003. Assessment of estimated human exposure to ethylene glycol in the vicinity of an ethylene glycol manufacturing facility - prepared for Ethylene glycol panel, American Chemistry Council, Arlington, VA.

Stead, M.A., Baltz, D.M., Chesney, E.J., Tarr, M.A., Kolok, A.S., Marx, B.D. 2005. Swimming performance of Juvenile Florida Pompano after sub lethal exposure to ethylene glycol and methanol: synergistic effects. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134(6):1438­1447.

Stowe, C.M., Barnes, D.M., Arendt, T.D. 1981. Ethylene glycol intoxication in ducks. Avian Dis. 25(2):538­541.

Streeter, H.W., Phelps, E.B. 1925. A study of the pollution and natural purification of the Ohio River. III. Factors concerned in the phenomena of oxidation and reaeration. U.S. Public Health Service. Public Health Bulletin No. 146, fév.1925. 75 p.

Transport Canada. 1987. Assessment of ground water quality impairment by glycol-based aircraft deicing fluids at Ottawa International Airport. Document préparé pour Professional and Technical Services, Facilities and Environment Management, Airports Authority Group, Ottawa, Ontario, par Gartner Lee Ltd., Markham (Ont.) (AK-75-09-168).

Tyl, R.W., Ballantyne, B., Fisher, L.C., Fait, D.L., Dodd, D.E., Klonne, D.R., Prits, I.M., Losco, P.E. 1995. Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of ethylene glycol aerosol in CD-1 mice by nose-only exposure. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 27(1):49­62.

Upadhyay, S., Carstens,J., Klein,D., Faller,T.H., Halbach,S., Kirchinger,W., Kessler,W., Csanady,G.A., Filser,J.G. 2008. Inhalation and epidermal exposure of volunteers to ethylene glycol: kinetics of absorption, urinary excretion, and metabolism to glycolate and oxalate. Toxicol. Lett. 178(2):131-141.

[USEPA] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Standard Scenarios for Estimating Exposure to Chemical Substances During Use of Consumer Products. Vols. I and II. Document préparé Versar Inc. pour Exposure Evaluation Division, Office of Toxic Substances, Washington (DC). (EPA contact No. 68-02-3968).

[USEPA] United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Wall Paint Exposure Model (WPEM): Version 3.2 User’s Guide. Développé par GEOMET Technologies, Inc pour le USEPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics et la National Paint and Coatings Association, Washington (DC).

[USPC] United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2007. United States Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary (USP-30-NF-25). General Chapters: 467 Residual Solvents. Rockville (MD) : United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc.

Verschueren, K. 1983. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals. 2nd ed. New York (NY) : Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. 1310 p.

Wilke, O., Jann, O., Brödner, D. 2002. VOC- and SVOC-Emissions from Adhesives, Floor Coverings and Complete Floor Structures. Proceedings: 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate - June 30-July 5, 2002, v. 1. pp. 962-967. Accès : http://www.chps.net/info/iaq_papers/PaperIII.1.pdf [consulté le 15 nov. 2007].

Wills, J.H., Coulston, F., Harris E.S., McChesney, E.W., Russell, J.C., Serrone D.M. 1974. Inhalation of aerosolized ethylene glycol by man. Clin. Toxicol. 7:463-476.

Zhu, J., Feng, Y., Aikawa, B. 2004. A positive chemical ionization GC/MS method for the determination of airborne ethylene glycol and propylene glycols in non-occupational environments. J. Environ. Monit. 6(11):881-887.

Zorzano, A., Herrera, E. 1990. Differences in kinetic characteristics and in sensitivity to inhibitors between human and rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Gen. Pharmacol. 21(5):697­702.