Research Ethics Board: About the REB

The Health Canada - PHAC REB reviews all research involving humans that is conducted under the auspices of Health Canada and PHAC to ensure that it meets the highest ethical standards, and that the greatest protection is provided to research participants.

The REB's activities and committee structure are guided by the principles of the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans, which sets the standard for research ethics boards in Canada.

On this page

• Mandate and scope
• Committee structure and responsibilities of members
• Members
• Become a member

Mandate and scope

REB mandate and reporting

The Health Canada-PHAC REB serves as an independent ethics review board to help ensure that all proposed or ongoing research involving human participants or communities carried out by, funded by, or otherwise under the auspices of Health Canada or PHAC, meets the highest ethical standards. In so doing, it helps ensure that safeguards are implemented to provide the greatest protection to human participants and/or communities. The REB makes recommendations to Health Canada or PHAC as to whether research projects should be approved, rejected, modified, or terminated. The REB reviews applications in accordance with the considerations set forth in the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans as the minimum standard, and other applicable policies and norms.

Health Canada's REB became operational on September 1, 2002. On April 1, 2010, the REB became a joint board for both PHAC and Health Canada. The REB reports to the Deputy Minister of Health and the President of PHAC, who jointly appoint REB members, approve REB procedures and authorize research to be initiated or terminated. The Deputy Minister and President have delegated their decisional authority functions to a senior official within Health Canada and PHAC respectively, each of whom is referred to as the Decisional Authority in Research Ethics.

Scope of REB review

The Health Canada-PHAC REB shall review all research involving human subjects in circumstances where the research is:

• Carried out by Health Canada or PHAC employees in the course of their employment;
• Carried out on Health Canada or PHAC premises, or involves technical or consultation support including the use of equipment, laboratories or other facilities belonging to HC or PHAC;
• Undertaken in a collaboration or partnership between Health Canada or PHAC and external researchers; or
• Carried out under contract with Health Canada or PHAC.

The REB may also review research that is funded by Health Canada or PHAC through grants and contributions to external researchers who do not have access to another TCPS-compliant REB.

Research involving humans as "research participants" includes research with:

• Living individuals;
• Human remains, cadavers, embryos or fetuses;
• Human biological materials such as tissues, organs, blood, plasma, serum, DNA, RNA, proteins, cells, hair, nail clippings, feces, urine, saliva and other body fluids; and
• Information from or about humans, such as information obtained through questionnaires, or from records of nonliving humans that are not in the public domain.

For the purposes of this REB, research is defined as an activity designed to test a hypothesis or answer a specific question, permit conclusions to be drawn and develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge through the use of scientific methods, standardized protocols, systematic collection or analysis of data, or other forms of inquiry. Research may rely upon quantitative methods or qualitative approaches. It also includes experimental development of new products or processes.

Examples of activities that do not meet this definition of research and therefore do not require REB review include public opinion research, public consultations, research using publicly available information, and routine public health investigations and surveillance activities. Some boundaries between research and non-research activities may be difficult to define. Whenever there is uncertainty as to whether a proposed activity requires REB review, applicants should consult the REB Secretariat or (for PHAC researchers) the PHAC Office of the Chief Science Officer (OCSO).

Committee structure and responsibilities of members

Membership

The REB membership is intended to ensure that the REB has the expertise and independence essential for conducting competent research ethics reviews. The REB consists of nine regular and nine alternate members with expertise in the following areas:

• Two members with knowledge/expertise in research ethics;
• One member with knowledge/expertise in law;
• One member from Health Canada with methodological knowledge/expertise in Health Canada research;
• One member from PHAC with methodological knowledge/expertise in PHAC research;
• One member external to Health Canada and PHAC with broad methodological knowledge/expertise in both Health Canada and PHAC research;
• One member with broad expertise in public health;
• One member recruited from the community (general population) served by Health Canada and PHAC; and
• One member from the Indigenous community.

Members are appointed by the Deputy Minister of Health and the President of PHAC. The mandate for each member is for three years and is renewable.

All REB member positions are voluntary and no financial remuneration is offered. However, travel, accommodation expenses, parking and other authorized REB meeting expenses are reimbursed through the REB Secretariat.

Responsibilities of REB members

The REB members review the ethical acceptability of research projects, reflecting on, for example, potential risks and benefits; respect for, and protection of, research participants; and relevance and rigour of the research.
The following expectations, qualities and skills are required of all members to ensure quorum and optimal group dynamic:

• Be available and willing to commit time for board meetings (including preparation time);
• Participate actively in discussions with other REB members, providing input to research applications/protocols and input in drafting REB documents and procedures;
• Be a team player – present views and opinions clearly and directly, contribute constructively to debate and possess skills that promote working effectively together;
• Listen attentively and respectfully to other members; and
• Consider complex issues thoughtfully and objectively.

REB meeting attendance

The full REB meets monthly (except for August), either by teleconference or face-to-face in Ottawa. Quorum requires that at least five members (regular or alternate) be present, including one member knowledgeable in ethics, one member knowledgeable in law, one member from the community, and two members with expertise in relevant research disciplines, fields and methodologies covered by the REB. All regular and alternate members are invited to the two-day meeting held each June, which includes a focus on REB member training in addition to the regular research ethics review work.

All REB members (regular and alternate) are also expected to participate on a rotating basis in delegated review meetings (typically three or four per year). Delegated review meetings are held weekly by teleconference (biweekly in July and August) and consist of the Chair (or Deputy Chair) and one other REB member.

Members

Chair and Ethics Member

• Nancy Walton, B.Sc.N., Ph.D.

  Dr. Nancy Walton is the Associate Dean, Student Affairs in the Yeates School of Graduate Studies, and an Associate Professor in the Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, at Toronto Metropolitan University (TMU). At TMU since 2003, she has previously served as Director of the School of Nursing, as Director of eLearning, and as the Chair of the TMU Research Ethics Board (REB) from 2005-2013. In 2016-17 she was seconded to the Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities as Special Advisor to the Deputy Minister. Dr. Walton also served as the Chair of the Women's College Hospital REB from 2016 to 2021. In 2022, Dr. Walton was appointed to the Interagency Advisory Panel on Research Ethics and has been appointed to a second term as of January 2025. Dr. Walton also serves as a member of the Undergraduate Admissions Council for the new TMU School of Medicine and has been an active member of planning for the school since its inception.

  Dr. Walton has a PhD in Nursing with completion of the Collaborative Program in Bioethics from the University of Toronto (2003) and an undergraduate degree in nursing science from TMU (1992). She has published and presented on priority setting and decision-making in cardiac surgery, ethical considerations of internet-based research, research ethics board composition, and ethical and legal considerations in research on children and adolescents, as well as nursing informatics.

  Dr. Walton was a longstanding member with expertise in ethics on the REB at the Hospital for Sick Children, a founding member of the REB at the Ontario College of Art and Design University and remains an ad hoc member of the TMU REB. In 2016, she received the CAREB Distinguished Service Award.

  She is the Canadian author of the textbook Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing (3^rd edition) and is the co-editor of the textbook Leading and Managing in Nursing (2024, 3^rd edition).

Ethics

• Glenn G. Griener, Ph.D. (Deputy Chair)

  Glenn G. Griener is a philosopher whose primary areas of scholarly activity are applied ethics and the philosophy of science, with a particular focus on the issues arising in health care and the ethics of biomedical research. He has conducted research into the privacy and confidentiality concerns arising from the development of electronic health records. Dr. Griener has been asked to provide advice on these issues by both the Government of Alberta and Alberta Health Services. He has also participated in or led several bodies developing national policy on research ethics.

  Dr. Griener has a B.Sc. in physics (Loyola University, New Orleans) and an M.A. and Ph.D. in philosophy from the University of Western Ontario. He retired from the Department of Philosophy at the University of Alberta in 2019. During his long career at the University Dr. Griener enjoyed joint appointments with the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, the Faculty of Nursing and the School of Public Health.

• Stéphane P. Ahern, M.A. (Philosophy), MD, Ph.D., FRCPC

  Dr. Stéphane P. Ahern is an Associate Professor of Medicine at the Université de Montréal in the Faculty of Medicine. He is a specialist in general internal medicine and adult critical care. Since 2007, he has served as Chair or Vice-Chair of the Research Ethics Board (REB) at Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital and now at CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal - REBs operating in fields at the forefront of stem cell transplantation, psychiatry, advanced ophthalmologic therapy and oncology, among others. He was Chair of the Standing Scientific Committee on Entry on the List of Medications of the Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) of Quebec for several years, during which time he was interested in responsibly bringing innovation to the fields of oncology and rare diseases.

  Dr. Ahern holds a Master's degree in Philosophy from the Université de Sherbrooke and a PhD in Clinical Sciences, also from the Université de Sherbrooke, where the theme of his research was assessing the capacity to consent to treatment.

• Julie Toole, RM, MHSc

  Julie Toole holds a Bachelor of Arts in International Development from Trent University, a Bachelor of Health Sciences in Midwifery from Ryerson University, and a Master of Health Sciences degree in Medical Sciences, Bioethics from the University of Toronto. She has worked as a Registered Midwife in Toronto, where her practice focused largely on serving uninsured clients and the urban Indigenous community and currently works as a Quality & Risk Management Specialist at the Association of Ontario Midwives. Her particular areas of interest include management of adverse events, outbreaks and pandemics, clinical ethics, privacy, and mental health; clinical areas of interest include equity, informed choice, and prenatal genetic screening. Ms. Toole currently co-leads two ethics task forces, one focused on ethical issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the other on the creation of a code of ethics for midwives in Ontario. She supervises both midwifery undergraduate students and graduate students in the fields of bioethics and public health.

Law

• Charles Batrouny, B.Sc., J.D., LL.L.

  Mr. Charles Batrouny is currently a senior associate at the law firm Cozen O’Connor LLP. He represents clients across all Canadian provinces, and has been called to the Bar in Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia, and has a temporary call to the Quebec Bar under Rule 42.1 of the Professional Code. Mr. Batrouny is a Qualified Arbitrator (Q. Arb.) under the ADR Institute of Canada, has completed the Toronto Commercial Arbitration Society’s Gold Standard Course in Commercial Arbitration, regularly volunteers as arbitrator for the world’s largest advocacy competition (the Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot [Hong Kong and Vienna]), is involved in various local arbitration and ADR societies, was a teaching assistant for the ADR and Professionalism class in his law school, graduated with a distinction in ADR, and is further refining his skills as he pursues his Master of Laws (LLM) through the LLM in Dispute Resolution program with Osgoode Hall Law School.

  Mr. Batrouny earned his degrees in biomedical sciences (B.Sc. Hons.), common law (J.D. with a focus on dispute resolution), and civil law (LL.L.) from the University of Ottawa. Mr. Batrouny is fluent and practices in French and English, and can converse in Arabic.

• Jane Ingman Baker, B.Sc., Ph.D., LL.B.

  Dr. Jane Ingman Baker is a lawyer practicing in British Columbia with a national law firm that has offices in Vancouver and Toronto. She was a law clerk in the British Columbia Supreme Court and is a member of the Law Society of British Columbia. Her law practice focuses on complex litigation matters with a specialty in construction, environmental and insurance coverage matters. She has represented clients in many different parts of Canada.

  Dr. Ingman Baker was trained as a biochemist, first as an undergraduate at the University of Sussex, England, and then as a post graduate student at the University of British Columbia. After completing her Ph.D., she completed two Medical Research Council Post Doctoral Fellowships in the departments of Physiology and Microbiology at UBC, before becoming a lawyer.

  Dr. Ingman Baker has taught in both the Faculties of Law and Medicine at the University of British Columbia and is a member of the UBC Clinical Research Ethics Board and the Children’s and Women’s Research Ethics Board.

• Jessica Szabo, B.Sc., M.Sc., J.D.

  Ms. Jessica Szabo is a founding partner of McIntyre Szabo PC, a boutique health law firm in Toronto, Ontario. Prior to studying law, Ms. Szabo completed her M.Sc. in Forensic Mental Health Research in London, England including researching and writing her thesis on the impact of a criminal history prior to first contact with mental health services on future clinical and offending outcomes in people experiencing their first episode of psychosis. She stayed in London to work with a health consultancy firm focussed on using data to improve healthcare outcomes for people with mental health needs.

  Before starting her own firm, Ms. Szabo was legal counsel at Ontario Health, providing legal support to various groups within the organization including the Mental Health Centre of Excellence, the Trillium Gift of Life Network and the Indigenous Health Equity and Coordination unit. She was also a lawyer at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto and was an associate in the Health Law Group at Borden Ladner Gervais. Ms. Szabo's practice focusses on health law litigation, research and corporate matters and privacy advice.

Health Canada Researcher

• Thea Rawn, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.

  Dr. Thea Rawn is a senior research scientist and Head of the Chemical Contaminants Section of the Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada. Her area of specialization is method development and analysis of environmental organic contaminants in food and biological tissues. She is currently an adjunct professor at Trent University.

  In addition to her work to determine dietary exposure to the chemicals of interest (e.g., polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, halogenated flame retardants, perfluoroalkyl substances, historical pesticides), Dr. Rawn has participated in studies to determine chemical concentrations in human tissues. She participated in the early work to measure chemicals in Canadian serum as part of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). Dr. Rawn also participated in the pan-Canadian Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) study, focusing on human milk analyses. She has collaborated with researchers in other groups within Health Canada in addition to those from academia (e.g., McGill University, Université du Québec à Montréal [UQAM]) to examine the linkage between chemical exposure and biological impacts.

  Dr. Rawn is currently the Head of the Canadian Delegation to the Committee on Methods of Analysis and Sampling under the WHO/FAO food standards programme Codex Alimentarius and has contributed to the WHO/FAO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (JECFA).

  Dr. Rawn has a B.Sc. in Chemistry from the University of Winnipeg, an M.Sc. and Ph.D. from the University of Manitoba in Environmental Organic Chemistry.

• Gary Mallach, M.Sc.

  Gary Mallach has over 15 years of research experience at Health Canada, where he has led studies on air pollution and its health impacts. His research has focused on environmental exposures, their health effects, and strategies to improve air quality in diverse environments, including subsidized housing, First Nations housing, healthcare settings, residences, and vehicles.

  Mr. Mallach has also led studies on how air pollution exposures affect health, particularly in vulnerable populations. His work includes assessing the impacts of targeted interventions on exposure and health outcomes. As a principal investigator in randomized trials, he has contributed to research on air pollution, health effects, and environmental risk assessment. His research has been widely published, covering topics such as traffic-related air pollution, indoor air quality in First Nations communities, indoor air filtration, wildfire smoke exposure, and airborne microplastics.

  Most recently, he co-chaired the SciRIN Indigenous Knowledge Working Group. He now leads the Air Health Effects Research Section in the Environmental Health Science Research Bureau at Health Canada.

  Mr. Mallach holds an M.Sc. in Population and Public Health from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University.

Public Health Agency of Canada Researcher

• Lisa Currie, B.Sc., B.Sc. OT, M.Sc., Ph.D.

  Lisa Currie is a manager in the Centre for Vaccine and Therapeutics Readiness within the Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Branch at the Public Health Agency of Canada, where her work focuses on routine medical countermeasure programs and supply chain strengthening. Previously, she was a senior epidemiologist at Health Canada in the Health Products and Food Branch, where she led a team in epidemiological evaluations and leveraging real world evidence. Prior to joining the Government of Canada, Dr. Currie was a clinical researcher with both national and international collaborations. She has published broadly in multiple domains, including perinatal epidemiology, pediatric and adolescent psychiatry, and health systems research. Her area of expertise is in maternal and child health, specifically the role of maternal exposures on pediatric outcomes. Her dissertation addressed the role of maternal weight on pediatric health outcomes. She has an adjunct appointment at Dalhousie University.

  Additionally, Dr. Currie is a licensed occupational therapist, having practiced in acute care, pediatrics and neonatology. Dr. Currie has a BSc (honours) in Neuroscience (Dalhousie University), B.Sc. OT (honours with distinction) in Occupational Therapy (Dalhousie University), MSc in Community Health and Epidemiology (Dalhousie University) and a PhD in Epidemiology (University of Ottawa).

• Ruey-Chyi Su, B.Sc. (Hons), Ph.D.

  Dr. Ruey Su is a Senior Research Scientist at the Public Health Agency of Canada in the Division of Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections. She leads the Diagnostic Development for Treatment and Prevention group at the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg. She also holds a cross-appointment as Assistant Professor in the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases at the University of Manitoba. Dr. Su earned her Bachelor's degree in Immunology and Microbiology and her Ph.D. in Medical Biophysics from the University of Toronto. She completed postdoctoral training in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, and in the molecular mechanisms underlying childhood asthma and allergies at the University of Manitoba. In addition, Dr. Su serves as a member of the College of Reviewers for the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Her research focuses on elucidating host and microbial factors that influence immune activation and disease susceptibility, with the overarching goal of advancing the development of innovative mucosal vaccines, diagnostic platforms, and therapeutic strategies for sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections.

Researcher External to Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada

• John Frank, B.Sc., M.D., CCFP, M.Sc., FRCP

  Dr. John Frank has held the following major positions: Professor (now Emeritus) at the University of Toronto, at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, since 1983; founding Director of Research at the Institute for Work & Health in Toronto from (1991-1997); and inaugural Scientific Director of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research – Institute of Population and Public Health (2000-2008). From 2008 to 2018, he was the founding Director of an Edinburgh-based Unit, funded by the Medical Research Council and the Scottish Chief Scientist Office: The Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy. The Collaboration has sought to develop and robustly test novel public health policies and programs to equitably improve health status in Scotland, through the convening and ongoing support of researcher/research-user consortia. Dr. Frank has held a Personal Chair in Public Health Research and Policy in the Usher Institute at the University of Edinburgh, where he was also Director of Knowledge Exchange and Research Impact from 2017 to 2021, at which time he retired, and currently holds the post of Professorial Fellow.

  Dr. Frank trained in Medicine and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto, in Family Medicine at McMaster University, and in Epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

• Tyler Peikes, B.A., M.D., M.A.

  Dr. Tyler Peikes is a practicing Medical Geneticist and Healthcare Ethics Consultant at the Health Sciences Centre in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He is the director of the Clinical Ethics service for the largest tertiary hospital in the province. He has conducted research in prenatal whole genome sequencing and advanced fetal diagnostic imaging.

  Dr. Peikes is a member of the Ethics, Education and Public Policy committee for the Canadian College of Medical Geneticists (CCMG) and a co-author of the Joint Statement on Involvement of Human Participants in Genetic Research, soon to be released. He also serves as the Choosing Wisely Canada (CWC) representative for CCMG and chaired a working group to publish new Medical Genetics recommendations. Dr. Peikes also enjoys teaching Medical Genetics and Ethics as an Assistant Professor at the University of Manitoba and has won several teaching awards. He also serves on several committees as ethics representative, including Differences in sex development committee, Child Health Program Tracheostomy committee, Perinatal Screening Committee and Child Health Quality Improvement team. Dr. Peikes previously served on the University of Manitoba Health REB and co-authored a report on Genetic Testing in Research including new informed consent templates and educational materials.

  Dr. Peikes has a B.A. (honours) with distinction in Philosophy (Queen's University), M.A. Bioethics & Health Policy (Loyola University, Chicago), M.D. (University of Manitoba) and HealthCare Ethics Consultant-Certified (ASBH).

• Barbara McGillivray, MD, FRCPC, FCCMG (Deputy Chair)

  Dr. McGillivray was a professor and clinical geneticist in the Department of Medical Genetics at the University of British Columbia. Dr. McGillivray's research interests include inherited cancers (breast, ovarian and colon cancer), clinical genetics, and prenatal diagnosis. She has been involved for many years in the field of ethics of research involving humans and has extensive experience in the area of Indigenous research ethics. She was a member of the Tri-Council Working Group for the Code of Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans, a member of the Standing Committee on Ethics of Medical Research Council and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). She is also an experienced REB Chair, including serving as Chair of the Health Canada-PHAC REB from 2015 to 2022 and has been on both biomedical and social science REBs.

Public Health Community Member

• Michael Wray Clarke, Ph.D. (Deputy Chair)

  Dr. Michael Wray Clarke is an adjunct professor in the Interfaculty Program in Public Health at Western University where his teaching focusses on global health practice and research. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Middlesex Hospital Alliance. As well, he is a member of the Editorial Board of Globalization and Health, a BioMed Central journal, and former Chief Executive Officer of the Middlesex-London Health Unit.

  Dr. Clarke was the inaugural Director of the Global Health Policy Program Area at the International Development Research Centre in Ottawa where he founded the Advisory Committee on Research Ethics and served as Chair for two years. In this capacity he worked with the Secretariat on Responsible Conduct of Research to develop a CORE module on the ethics of multi-jurisdictional research.

  Previously, he was a professor in the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry where his research focussed on the molecular genetics of African trypanosomes. He also served as Chair of the University Council on Animal Care for three years and served as Chair for many site visits and assessments at university research facilities on behalf of the Canadian Council on Animal Care.

  Dr. Clarke's formative years were in Sierra Leone where he served as a CUSO co-operant as a teacher and researcher. He has a PhD from the Department of Pathology of the University of Guelph.

• Diane Lu, MD, Ph.D., MPH, FRCPC

  Dr. Diane Lu is a public health physician and medical advisor in communicable diseases in the Department of National Defence. Dr. Lu has adjunct appointments to both the University of Ottawa and Queen's University working with public health and preventive medicine residents. Her current research interests include health surveillance of Canadian Armed Forces members. Dr. Lu holds both an MD and PhD degree from the University of Toronto and was a Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard University. She also earned a Master's of Public Health from Queen's University and is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada.

Community Member - General Population

• Janaki Jayanthan, MPH

  Ms. Janaki Jayanthan is a Senior Primary Care Program Developer (Vancouver Island) with the Primary Care Division of the British Columbia Ministry of Health. In her current role she supports the implementation of Urgent and Primary Care Centres and Community Health Centres as part of provincial efforts towards team-based primary and community care. Ms. Jayanthan's passion and appreciation for research ethics began while supporting the work of the Conjoint Faculties and Conjoint Health Research Ethics Boards at the University of Calgary over a four-year period. As a Research Ethics Advisor, she worked alongside researchers, the REB Chairs and members, and her administrator colleagues to navigate complex issues in the protection of participants in research, laying the foundation for a lasting interest in the field.

  Ms. Jayanthan has contributed to public health research and community-based projects in Canada and abroad in diverse areas such as the experiences of marginalized groups in self-managing their chronic conditions in Vancouver, patient reported measures of outpatient care quality in Sri Lanka, antibiotic knowledge and use in central Mexico and household water treatment in Eastern Bolivia. Ms. Jayanthan holds a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations from the University of Calgary and a Masters of Public Health (Global Health) from Simon Fraser University.

• Madzouka Kokolo, M.Sc., M.A.

  Madzouka Kokolo is academically trained both in Epidemiology (Master of Science, University of Ottawa) and in Public Ethics (Master of Arts, Saint Paul University). She has been involved in health science projects in academic, governmental and non-profit contexts, locally, nationally, and internationally (e.g., Canadian Society for International Health, United Nations Population Fund). Her M.Sc. thesis quantitatively analyzed intersections between methods and ethics considerations in the design of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis trials, which involved populations in situations of vulnerability. Her research contributed to increasing awareness and clearing misconceptions on that (then) novel intervention in the community (e.g., collaboration with the Canadian AIDS Society).

  Having previous work experience as a Methodologist (Ottawa Hospital Research Institute), Ms. Kokolo has extensive knowledge and experience in clinical research designs, research conduct and methodological assessments, and is a published author. She also worked as an Epidemiologist in Health Canada's Health Products and Food Branch, routinely conducting critical appraisals of scientific evidence to support regulatory decision-making. Ms. Kokolo is currently working as a Senior Policy Analyst in the Office of the Chief Accessibility Officer at Employment and Social Development Canada.

Community Member - Indigenous Population

• Jean Levasseur-Moreau, Ph.D.

  Jean Levasseur-Moreau is an Innu from the community of Essipit, where he grew up. In 2017, he received his PhD in experimental medicine from Laval University. His academic research focused on the clinical, cognitive and neurobiological effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in military personnel diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder that was resistant to usual treatments. During his studies, he obtained several awards from the Fonds de Recherche en Santé du Québec and the Tshakapesh Institute. He was also involved in the Indigenous Student Association as well as a regional representative for Indspire, an organization that provides scholarships to Indigenous students in need. From 2020 to 2023, he was a member of the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue.

  Dr. Levasseur-Moreau has worked in the field of governance at the First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Health and Social Services Commission, where he had the privilege of visiting almost all First Nations communities in Quebec and witnessing the major issues related to health. He subsequently worked in the Quebec Ministry of Public Security to promote access to justice for Indigenous people and to offer culturally sensitive services. Dr. Levasseur-Moreau is currently the Director General of the Centre multi-services Mamuk, whose mission is to offer quality services to the Indigenous population in urban areas and to promote Indigenous cultures and harmony between peoples.

• Kathleen Makela, B.A., LL.B.

  Kathleen Makela, a member of the Fort Resolution Métis Nation in the Northwest Territories, lives in Edmonton, Alberta. A descent of Old Man Beaulieu on her mother's side, and Finnish on her father's side (he is a first-generation Canadian), she is deeply committed to improving the socio-economic conditions of Indigenous people through access to equitable, culturally relevant and responsive education and legal systems.

  Ms. Makela holds a BA interdisciplinary honors degree with distinction from Saint Thomas University and a law degree from the University of New Brunswick. She is currently an Indigenous Support Officer at the University of Alberta Faculty of Law. Over the years, Ms. Makela has had the good fortune to work with many traditional knowledge keepers and she appreciates the importance of spiritual teachings and ceremonies.

• Chelsey Purdy, M.Sc., RD

  Chelsey Purdy is a registered dietitian, member of Wasoqopa'q First Nation, and is living in Kjipuktuk (Halifax, Nova Scotia). Ms Purdy completed her Master of Science in Applied Human Nutrition at Mount Saint Vincent University, where she received the graduate thesis award for her work exploring Indigenous participatory arts-based methodologies through a photovoice project with Indigenous peoples living with HIV/AIDS in Mi'kma'ki (the Atlantic). While completing her MSc, Ms Purdy taught Indigenous research methods, sat as the student representative on the Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission's Quality Assurance committee, and facilitated and developed programming for Indigenous youth in various roles. Since completing her MSc, Ms Purdy has been working as a public health dietitian for the Union of Nova Scotia Mi'kmaq, serving the 13 Mi'kmaw Nations in Nova Scotia. She also sits as a member on the board of directors for Indigenous Youth Roots, a national Indigenous youth focused charity.

• Shannon Dicker, B.Ed., M.Ed.

  Shannon Dicker is an Inuk from Nain, Nunatsiavut, the most northern community in Newfoundland and Labrador. Ms. Dicker received her B.Ed. in primary and elementary education in 2013 and her M.Ed. in 2021 in Curriculum Teaching and Learning Studies with a focus on language and literacy, both from the Memorial University of Newfoundland. She has over ten years of professional experience in education with the last two years focused on supporting educators across Nunatsiavut to infuse Inuit culture and language in their lessons and in the physical environment, helping to braid traditional Inuit knowledge with modern ways of teaching and learning, as well as trying to bridge the gap between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous teachers and students.

  Looking to follow her passions and pursuits with Inuit health and wellbeing, Ms. Dicker changed careers and is currently the Qanuippitaa? National Inuit Health Survey Manager with the Nunatsiavut Government in Nain and works closely with the three other Inuit Treaty Organizations across Inuit Nunangat. Ms. Dicker also sat on the Canadian Teachers Federation (CTF/FCE) Advisory Committee for Indigenous Education for a two-year term where she helped to advise and review CTF/FCE work related to Indigenous education and Truth and Reconciliation efforts. This scope of work allowed her to gain both the confidence and experience to advocate for Indigenous groups and rights in education at a national level.