COVID-19 information and resources: reducing your risk for infection and spreading the virus

From: Public Health Agency of Canada

Backgrounder

December 2020

Canadians can access comprehensive information and resources on COVID-19 on the Government of Canada coronavirus disease website Canada.ca/coronavirus, including updates on the current situation, self-assessment and mental and physical health resources. The website also provides guidance on limiting the spread of the virus to others in community, business and medical professional settings.

Immediate mental health and substance use supports are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week to Canadians of all ages and at no cost, at the Wellness Together Canada online portal.

Additional information on the epidemiology of COVID-19 for public health professionals is available in the daily COVID-19 in Canada epidemiology update.

As always, I urge all Canadians to continue with our collective efforts to control the spread of COVID-19 in Canada. Living with COVID-19 means remaining aware of the risks for exposure in your area and making informed decisions based on the latest advice, including recommendations of public health authorities in your jurisdiction and local area.

During the winter, Canadians will need to be even more vigilant about following public health guidance, particularly as the cold weather shifts our activities indoors. Canadians should avoid non-essential travel, limit close contacts to only those in our immediate household and reduce in-person interactions to only essential errands and activities, while consistently maintaining key public health practices. In addition, limit the time you spend in settings and situations that have not implemented measures, protocols and policies to reduce the risk of exposure.

To keep yourself and others safer during COVID-19, ask yourself the questions in the below “Quick Checks” table to consider your risk, based on (A) your personal/close contacts’ risk factors and (B) risk factors posed by the setting/activity. Then, consider layering up with (C) things you can do to reduce your risk of infection and unintentionally spreading the virus.

Quick Checks on COVID-19 Risks to Consider

A. PERSONAL AND HOUSEHOLD/CONTACT
RISK FACTORS CONSIDERATIONS

B. SETTINGS/ACTIVITY
RISK FACTORS CONSIDERATIONS
  1. Am I at high risk of developing serious complications of COVID-19 or would having to self-isolate/quarantine seriously disrupt my plans or priorities?
  2. Are there people at high risk of developing serious complications of COVID-19 in my household/close contacts that I could unintentionally infect?
  1. Are there measures in place in the setting to reduce the risk of spreading COVID-19, e.g. supporting physical distancing and requiring people to wear masks?
  2. Will I be able to make adjustments in the setting (e.g. stepping away if it gets crowded, wearing a mask and washing/disinfecting my hands frequently)?

C. THINGS YOU CAN DO TO REDUCE YOUR RISK OF INFECTION AND UNINTENTIONALLY SPREADING THE VIRUS
  • If you have any symptoms, even if mild, stay home and self-isolate, keep away from others and contact your local public health authority to be guided safely to testing and care.
  • Protect yourself and support others at high risk of COVID-19 severe outcomes by being prepared and finding safer ways to connect.
  • Download the COVID-19 Alert App to help break the cycle of infection, track symptoms and stay informed. While protecting your privacy, the app can alert you of an exposure before any symptoms appear.
  • Use layers of effective public health practices to reduce your risk of infection and spreading the virus:
    • Maintain physical distancing by keeping 2 metres away from people outside of your immediate household.
    • Practice frequent hand, cough, and surface hygiene.
    • Wear a non-medical mask or face covering as recommended in closed spaces, crowded places or close contact situations, including:
      • Indoors, in shared indoor spaces with people from outside your immediate household
      • Outdoors, where you can't keep a 2-metres distance from others
      • As directed by your local public health/authorities
  • Consider avoiding or strictly limiting your time spent in settings/situations where public health measures are not in place to reduce the risk of infection, including private gatherings, particularly if in:
    • Closed spaces with poor ventilation
    • Crowded places where many people are gathered
    • Close contact where you can't consistently keep 2-metres physical distance from others
  • Limit the number of settings/activities you attend, including private settings and in-person interactions to reduce your riskFootnote *  of exposure and unintentionally spreading the virus to others.
  • Quality information is crucial for safety and success. There is a lot of misinformation circulating online and on social media so it is important to fact check against trusted and credible sources. Canadians can go the extra mile by sharing credible information and updates with others.

Looking Ahead: COVID-19 Vaccines

Vaccination is a proven way to reduce the impact of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccines will help our bodies develop immunity to the virus that causes COVID-19 without us getting the illness. Currently, we are still collecting evidence to be able to determine how effective COVID-19 vaccines will be in creating longer-term immunity.

On December 9, 2020, we achieved a key milestone in our COVID-19 response with the regulatory approval of Canada’s first vaccine against COVID-19 (Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine). As the initial rollout of priority immunizations begin, I encourage all Canadians to learn more about COVID-19 vaccines in Canada, including how vaccines are developed. Visit Canada.ca for more information on Canada’s rigorous approval process for reviewing and authorizing vaccines to ensure safety, efficacy and quality standards, and ongoing monitoring for vaccine safety and effectiveness.

During the beginning phases of the rollout while vaccine supply is limited, the initial doses are being prioritized for high-risk groups. The availability of vaccine will increase throughout 2021, providing everyone in Canada with the opportunity to be vaccinated. Delivery of any vaccine is contingent on Health Canada approval, but we expect every recommended group in Canada to have access to COVID-19 vaccine by the Fall of 2021.

Canada’s COVID-19 Immunization Plan provides more details on how COVID-19 vaccines will be made accessible to all Canadians, in an efficient and coordinated manner. A key component of the vaccine process in Canada involves The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI), an External Advisory Body that provides the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) with independent, ongoing and timely medical, scientific, and public health advice. For over 50 years, NACI has safeguarded our health, reviewing the research on vaccines, and making recommendations for the use of vaccines currently or newly approved for use in Canada.

As we move towards widespread and lasting control of COVID-19 through the use of safe and effective vaccines, Canadians must continue with public health practices to protect themselves and their loved ones as well as people and communities at high risk for severe outcomes. Our continued efforts are not only helping public health to quickly interrupt chains of transmission, we are also assisting the broader health workforce and partners to plan for and rollout out one of the most complex immunization campaigns in Canada’s history.

Canadians are encouraged to seek out trusted and reliable sources of information to help guide vaccination decisions. If you are reading or sharing information through your social media channels, please make sure that the information is from an original source that you can trust.

Footnotes

Footnote *

Risks may vary based on your ability to maintain a 2-metre physical distance from others; the use of non-medical masks by you and others; and the measures in place to reduce exposure in the setting you are in. Generally, the risk of exposure will increase with prolonged duration and in closed indoor or crowded settings or close contact situations, particularly if activities involve forceful exhalation (talking loudly/shouting, singing, coughing).

Return to footnote * referrer

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