ARCHIVED - Early primary school outcomes associated with maternal use of alcohol and tobacco during pregnancy and with exposure to parent alcohol and tobacco use postnatally
Early primary school outcomes
Appendix 1
Effects of Alcohol and Tobacco During Pregnancy: Summary Results (p-values and effect sizes)
Note: A negative sign (–) indicates poorer outcomes on the measure associated with prenatal exposure to tobacco and/or high-risk drinking; a positive sign indicates a better outcome on the measure associated with prenatal exposure to tobacco and/or high-risk drinking.
Statistically significant results are shown in bold.
| Outcome Variables | Sample size (n) | Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET): 0 = not exposed, 1 = exposed |
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD): 0 = no, 1 = yes |
Interaction: not exposed, not high-risk drinker vs. exposed, high-risk drinker |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Child Development | |||||
| 1 | DISC – overall development quotient, 33 months | 404 | –0.22 | –0.34 | –0.57 |
| 2 | DISC – overall development quotient, 48 months | 427 | –0.19 | –0.31 | –0.50 |
| 3 | ABC – maturity/school-readiness scale, 48 months | 273 | –0.47 | –0.18 | –0.65 |
| Mean effect sizes | –0.29 | –0.28 | –0.57 | ||
| Outcome Variables | Sample size (n) | Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET): 0 = not exposed, 1 = exposed |
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD): 0 = no, 1 = yes |
Interaction: not exposed, not high-risk drinker vs. exposed, high-risk drinker |
|
| Cognitive Development/Academic Performance | |||||
| 4 | DISC – auditory and memory development quotient, 33 months | 404 | –0.19 | –0.34 | –0.53 |
| 5 | DISC – auditory and memory development quotient, 48 months | 427 | –0.19 | –0.44 | –0.63 |
| 6 | PPVT W-ability, 48 months | 426 | –0.12 | –0.33 | –0.45 |
| 7 | WPPSI Block Design – Standardized Score, 48 months | 424 | –0.36 | –0.11 | –0.47 |
| 8 | Teacher rated: student-preparedness scale, Grade 1 | 282 | –0.15 | –0.25 | –0.41 |
| 9 | Child's attitudes toward academics scale, Grade 1 | 285 | –0.02 | –0.23 | –0.25 |
| 10 | Teacher rated: academic functioning scale, Grade 1 | 285 | –0.12 | –0.15 | –0.27 |
| 11 | Teacher rated: adaptive functioning scale, Grade 1 | 285 | +0.02 | –0.42 | –0.41 |
| 12 | Parent reported: child repeated a grade, Grade 1 | 345 | +0.05 | +0.19 | +0.25 |
| 13 | Parent reported: child suspended from school, Grade 1 | 345 | –0.09 | –0.13 | –0.11 |
| 14 | Teacher reported: received special education/services, Grade 1 | 286 | +0.10 | –0.15 | –0.21 |
| 15 | Teacher reported: child limited by learning disability, Grade 1 | 286 | –0.05 | +0.01 | –0.11 |
| 16 | Teacher rated: student-preparedness scale, Grade 3 | 239 | –0.35 | –0.69 | –1.03 |
| 17 | Child's attitudes toward academics scale, Grade 3 | 244 | –0.16 | –0.53 | –0.69 |
| 18 | Teacher rated: academic functioning scale, Grade 3 | 245 | –0.07 | –0.58 | –0.65 |
| 19 | Teacher rated: adaptive functioning scale, Grade 3 | 245 | –0.25 | –0.37 | –0.62 |
| 20 | Parent reported: child repeated a grade, Grade 3 | 325 | +0.01 | +0.06 | +0.01 |
| 21 | Parent reported: child suspended from school, Grade 3 | 326 | –0.46 | –0.37 | –0.56 |
| 22 | Teacher reported: received special education/services, Grade 3 | 246 | –0.23 | –0.54 | –0.64 |
| 23 | Teacher reported: child limited by learning disability, Grade 3 | 246 | +0.26 | –0.37 | –0.11 |
| 24 | EQAO – math, Grade 3 | 150 | +0.15 | –0.11 | –0.04 |
| 25 | EQAO – reading, Grade 3 | 142 | +0.43 | –0.14 | –0.29 |
| 26 | EQAO – writing, Grade 3 | 148 | –0.30 | –0.07 | –0.37 |
| Mean effect sizes | –0.09 | –0.26 | –0.37 | ||
| Outcome Variables | Sample size (n) | Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET): 0 = not exposed, 1 = exposed |
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD): 0 = no, 1 = yes |
Interaction: not exposed, not high-risk drinker vs. exposed, high-risk drinker |
|
| Social/Emotional Functioning | |||||
| 27 | Parent rated: PSBQ prosocial scale, 48 months | 383 | –0.11 | –0.07 | –0.18 |
| 28 | Parent rated: PSBQ anxious scale, 48 months | 429 | +0.06 | –0.00 | +0.06 |
| 29 | Teacher rated: PSBQ prosocial scale, 48 months | 268 | –0.09 | –0.18 | –0.28 |
| 30 | Teacher rated: PSBQ anxious scale, 48 months | 274 | –0.08 | –0.24 | –0.33 |
| 31 | Teacher rated: NLSCY emotional disorder scale, 48 months | 272 | –0.23 | –0.31 | –0.55 |
| 32 | Teacher rated: NLSCY prosocial scale, 48 months | 268 | –0.08 | –0.21 | –0.28 |
| 33 | Parent rated: OCHS depression scale, Grade 1 | 340 | –0.05 | –0.02 | –0.07 |
| 34 | Teacher rated: OCHS passive victimization scale, Grade 1 | 269 | –0.08 | –0.10 | –0.18 |
| 35 | Parent rated: NLSCY emotional disorder scale, Grade 1 | 346 | –0.08 | +0.06 | –0.02 |
| 36 | Parent rated: NLSCY prosocial scale, Grade 1 | 345 | +0.04 | –0.14 | –0.10 |
| 37 | Teacher rated: NLSCY emotional disorder scale, Grade 1 | 283 | +0.15 | –0.30 | –0.15 |
| 38 | Teacher rated: NLSCY prosocial scale, Grade 1 | 272 | +0.14 | –0.09 | –0.04 |
| 39 | Teacher rated: SSRS conflict management scale, Grade 1 | 285 | +0.05 | –0.20 | –0.15 |
| 40 | Ability to get along with other scale, Grade 1 | 259 | +0.16 | –0.27 | –0.11 |
| 41 | Parent rated: NLSCY emotional disorder scale, Grade 3 | 327 | –0.20 | –0.07 | –0.27 |
| 42 | Parent rated: OCHS depression scale, Grade 3 | 319 | –0.26 | –0.01 | –0.27 |
| 43 | Teacher rated: OCHS passive victimization scale, Grade 3 | 231 | –0.35 | +0.04 | –0.32 |
| 44 | Parent rated: NLSCY prosocial scale, Grade 3 | 325 | –0.06 | –0.19 | –0.25 |
| 45 | Teacher rated: NLSCY emotional disorder scale, Grade 3 | 242 | –0.14 | –0.65 | –0.80 |
| 46 | Teacher rated: NLSCY prosocial scale, Grade 3 | 235 | –0.25 | –0.24 | –0.49 |
| 47 | Teacher rated: SSRS conflict management scale, Grade 3 | 246 | –0.18 | –0.42 | –0.60 |
| 48 | Ability to get along with other scale, Grade | 271 | –0.08 | –0.25 | –0.33 |
| Mean effect sizes | –0.08 | –0.18 | –0.26 | ||
| Outcome Variables | Sample size (n) | Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET): 0 = not exposed, 1 = exposed |
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD): 0 = no, 1 = yes |
Interaction: not exposed, not high-risk drinker vs. exposed, high-risk drinker |
|
| Behaviour Problems | |||||
| 49 | Bates Temperament scale, 33 months | 407 | +0.04 | –0.11 | –0.07 |
| 50 | Parent rated: PSBQ disruptiveness scale, 48 months | 402 | –0.12 | +0.14 | +0.02 |
| 51 | Teacher rated: PSBQ disruptiveness scale, 48 months | 269 | –0.32 | –0.52 | –0.83 |
| 52 | Teacher rated: NLSCY hyperactivity scale, 48 months | 273 | –0.36 | –0.52 | –0.88 |
| 53 | Teacher rated: NLSCY indirect aggression scale, 48 months | 272 | –0.23 | –0.61 | –0.84 |
| 54 | Teacher rated: NLSCY physical aggression scale, 48 months | 272 | –0.41 | –0.44 | –0.85 |
| 55 | Parent rated: OCHS oppositional defiant scale, Grade 1 | 384 | –0.02 | –0.08 | –0.09 |
| 56 | Parent rated: NLSCY hyperactivity scale, Grade 1 | 348 | –0.03 | –0.36 | –0.39 |
| 57 | Parent rated: NLSCY indirect aggression scale, Grade 1 | 323 | –0.14 | +0.05 | –0.09 |
| 58 | Parent rated: NLSCY physical aggression scale, Grade 1 | 348 | –0.15 | –0.13 | –0.27 |
| 59 | Teacher rated: NLSCY hyperactivity scale, Grade 1 | 286 | +0.01 | –0.18 | –0.17 |
| 60 | Teacher rated: NLSCY indirect aggression scale, Grade 1 | 245 | –0.27 | +0.01 | –0.27 |
| 61 | Teacher rated: NLSCY physical aggression scale, Grade 1 | 282 | –0.38 | –0.07 | –0.45 |
| 62 | Teacher rated: NLSCY delinquency scale, Grade 1 | 268 | –0.39 | –0.30 | –0.69 |
| 63 | Parent rated: OCHS oppositional defiant scale, Grade 3 | 326 | –0.35 | +0.05 | –0.30 |
| 64 | Parent rated: NLSCY hyperactivity scale, Grade 3 | 327 | –0.39 | +0.07 | –0.32 |
| 65 | Parent rated: NLSCY indirect aggression scale, Grade 3 | 316 | –0.52 | +0.06 | –0.46 |
| 66 | Parent rated: NLSCY physical aggression scale, Grade 3 | 327 | –0.33 | –0.26 | –0.59 |
| 67 | Teacher rated: NLSCY hyperactivity scale, Grade 3 | 243 | –0.21 | –0.56 | –0.77 |
| 68 | Teacher rated: NLSCY indirect aggression scale, Grade 3 | 210 | –0.33 | –0.53 | –0.86 |
| 69 | Teacher rated: NLSCY physical aggression scale, Grade 3 | 243 | –0.27 | –0.49 | –0.76 |
| 70 | Teacher rated: NLSCY delinquency scale, Grade 3 | 228 | –0.33 | –0.66 | –0.98 |
| Mean effect sizes | –0.25 | –0.25 | –0.50 | ||
| Outcome Variables | Sample size (n) | Prenatal Exposure to Tobacco (PET): 0 = not exposed, 1 = exposed |
Mother High-Risk Drinker (MHRD): 0 = no, 1 = yes |
Interaction: not exposed, not high-risk drinker vs. exposed, high-risk drinker |
|
| Child Health | |||||
| 71 | Parent-reported child's health, 48 months | 438 | –0.15 | +0.01 | –0.14 |
| 72 | Child's height, 48 months | 411 | +0.07 | +0.01 | +0.08 |
| 73 | Child's weight, 48 months | 414 | +0.02 | +0.07 | +0.09 |
| 74 | Parent-reported child's health, Grade 1 | 348 | –0.09 | –0.00 | –0.09 |
| 75 | Child's asthma, Grade 1 | 348 | +0.07 | –0.07 | +0.01 |
| 76 | Child's exposure to second-hand smoke, Grade 1 | 345 | –0.79 | –0.04 | –0.83 |
| 77 | Parent reported child's health, Grade 3 | 327 | +0.16 | –0.13 | +0.02 |
| 78 | Child's asthma, Grade 3 | 327 | +0.08 | –0.13 | –0.05 |
| 79 | Child's exposure to second-hand smoke, Grade 3 | 324 | –0.64 | +0.15 | –0.49 |
| Mean effect sizes | –0.14 | –0.01 | –0.16 | ||
| Mean of all effect sizes in Appendix 1 | –0.15 | –0.21 | –0.36 | ||
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