Vaccines for children: Diseases that vaccines prevent

List of 15 serious diseases that vaccines prevent, their symptoms and possible complications.

HPV (human papillomavirus)

Symptoms

Small warts on or in the:

  • anus
  • thighs
  • rectum
  • urethra
  • genitals

Many people with HPV infection don’t experience any signs or symptoms.

Possible complications of HPV infection

Cancer of the:

  • cervix
  • throat
  • genitals
  • oral cavity
Diphtheria

Symptoms

  • high fever
  • severe sore throat

Possible complications

  • breathing and heart problems
  • paralysis
  • death
Whooping cough (pertussis)

Symptoms

  • violent coughing fits that may last for months
  • difficulty with:
    • eating
    • drinking
    • breathing

Possible complications

  • pneumonia
  • convulsions
  • brain damage
  • death
Tetanus

Symptoms

  • jaw spasms
  • vocal cord spasms
  • full-body muscle spasms

Possible complications

  • broken bones
  • death
Polio

Symptoms

  • fever
  • general discomfort
  • nausea and vomiting

Possible complications

  • breathing problems
  • paralysis of arms and legs
  • death
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections

Symptoms

  • fever
  • headache
  • mental confusion
  • excessive tiredness
  • severe swelling of the throat

Possible complications

  • deafness
  • developmental delays
  • pneumonia
  • meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord)
  • death
Mumps

Symptoms

  • fever
  • headache
  • swollen glands near jawbone

Possible complications

  • meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord)
  • deafness
  • infertility
Rubella

Symptoms

  • rash
  • swollen glands

Possible complications

  • arthritis
  • miscarriage
  • malformations in an infant whose mother contracted rubella during pregnancy
Chickenpox (varicella)

Symptoms

  • fever
  • itching
  • many small blisters that develop scabs

Possible complications

  • pneumonia
  • encephalitis (brain infection)
  • malformations in an infant whose mother contracted chickenpox during pregnancy
  • death
Meningococcal infection

Symptoms

  • stiff neck
  • high fever
  • severe headache
  • nausea and vomiting
  • red marks or tiny pin-size bruises on the skin

Possible complications

  • brain damage
  • amputation of hands or feet
  • meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord)
  • blood infection
  • death
Pneumococcal infection

Symptoms

  • fever
  • cough
  • chest pain
  • mental confusion
  • ear and/or sinus infection

Possible complications

  • deafness
  • brain damage
  • pneumonia
  • meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord)
  • blood infection
  • death
Hepatitis B

Symptoms

  • fever
  • diarrhea
  • jaundice
  • vomiting
  • abdominal pain

Possible complications

  • cirrhosis of the liver
  • liver cancer
  • death
Influenza

Symptoms

  • fever
  • cough
  • fatigue
  • headache
  • muscle pain

Possible complications

  • ear and/or sinus infection
  • bronchitis (inflammation of the airways)
  • pneumonia
  • death
Rotavirus

Symptoms

  • vomiting
  • high fever
  • severe, watery diarrhea

Possible complications

  • severe dehydration
  • death
Measles

Symptoms

  • rash
  • fever
  • cough
  • pink eye

Possible complications

  • pneumonia
  • convulsions
  • brain damage
  • death
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