Canada Revenue Agency Financial Statements – Administered Activities 2022 to 2023

Canada Revenue Agency
Statement of Administered Assets and Liabilities
as at March 31
(in millions of dollars)

Canada Revenue Agency Statement of Administered Assets and Liabilities as at March 31 (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Administered assets
Cash on hand 13,170 12,791
Amounts receivable from taxpayers and benefit recipients (note 3) 182,429 166,762
Amounts receivable under the tobacco civil settlements (note 4) 49 49
Total administered assets 195,648 179,602
Administered liabilities
Amounts payable to taxpayers and benefit recipients (note 5) 84,820 78,638
Amounts payable to other organizations (note 6) 805 616
Deposit accounts (note 7) 374 340
Total of amounts payable to taxpayers and benefit recipients, amounts payable to other organizations and deposit accounts 85,999 79,594
Net amount due to the Consolidated Revenue Fund (note 8) 109,649 100,008
Total administered liabilities 195,648 179,602

Contingent liabilities (note 10)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Canada Revenue Agency Statement of Administered Assets and Liabilities, as at March 31 (in millions of dollars)

Administered assets

  • Cash on hand: the amount for 2023 is 13,170 and for 2022 is 12,791
  • Amounts receivable from taxpayers and benefit recipients (note 3): the amount for 2023 is 182,429 and the amount for 2022 is 166,762
  • Amounts receivable under the tobacco civil settlements (note 4): the amount for 2023 is 49 and the amount for 2022 is 49
  • Total administered assets: the amount for 2023 is 195,648 and the amount for 2022 is 179,602

Administered liabilities

  • Amounts payable to taxpayers and benefit recipients (note 5): the amount for 2023 is 84,820 and the amount for 2022 is 78,638
  • Amounts payable to other organizations (note 6): the amount for 2023 is 805 and the amount for 2022 is 616
  • Deposit accounts (note 7): the amount for 2023 is 374 and the amount for 2022 is 340
  • Subtotal administered liabilities: the amount for 2023 is 85,999 and the amount for 2022 is 79,594
  • Net amount due to the Consolidated Revenue Fund (note 8): the amount for 2023 is 109,649 and the amount for 2022 is 100,008
  • Total administered liabilities: the amount for 2023 is 195,648 and the amount for 2022 is 179,602

Approved by:

Original signed by

Bob Hamilton
Commissioner of Revenue and Chief Executive Officer of the Canada Revenue Agency

August 28, 2023

Original signed by

Suzanne Gouin, MBA, ICD.D
Chair, Board of Management

August 28, 2023

Canada Revenue Agency
Statement of Administered Revenues and Pension Contributions
for the year ended March 31
(in millions of dollars)

Canada Revenue Agency Statement of Administered Revenues and Pension Contributions for the year ended March 31 (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Revenues administered for the Government of Canada
Income tax revenues
Individuals and Trusts 207,894 198,428
Corporations 93,945 78,816
Non-resident tax withholdings 13,187 10,789
Total for Income tax revenues 315,026 288,033
Other taxes, duties, and charges
Goods and services tax revenues (note 11) 16,387 21,583
Energy taxes 5,568 5,333
Other excise taxes and duties 4,027 3,885
Cannabis duties 227 160
Other administered revenues (note 12) 895 413
Total for Other taxes, duties, and charges 27,104 31,374
Employment insurance premiums 27,422 24,305
Fuel Charge Proceeds 7,740 6,106
Interest, penalties, and other revenues (note 13) 10,567 5,670
Revenues administered for the Government of Canada 387,859 355,488
Revenues administered for provincial and territorial governments and First Nations
Income tax revenues
Individuals and Trusts 98,079 93,131
Corporations 39,043 36,721
Total for the Income tax revenues 137,122 129,852
Provincial portion of harmonized sales tax (note 14) 38,599 35,109
Other revenues (note 15) 1,386 1,188
Revenues administered for provincial and territorial governments and First Nations 177,107 166,149
Pension contributions, interest, and penalties administered for the Canada Pension Plan (note 16) 74,994 64,737
Total administered revenues and pension contributions 639,960 586,374

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Canada Revenue Agency Statement of Administered Revenues and Pension Contributions, for the year ended March 31 (in millions of dollars)

Revenues administered for the Government of Canada

  • Income tax revenues
    • Individuals and Trusts: the amount for 2023 is 207,894 and the amount for 2022 is 198,428
    • Corporations: the amount for 2023 is 93,945 and the amount for 2022 is 78,816
    • Non-resident tax withholdings: the amount for 2023 is 13,187 and the amount for 2022 is 10,789
    • Total income tax revenues: the amount for 2023 is 315,026 and the amount for 2022 is 288,033
  • Other taxes, duties, and charges 
    • Goods and services tax revenues (note 11): the amount for 2023 is 16,387 and the amount for 2022 is 21,583
    • Energy taxes: the amount for 2023 is 5,568 and the amount for 2022 is 5,333
    • Other excise taxes and duties: the amount for 2023 is 4,027 and the amount for 2022 is 3,885
    • Cannabis duties: the amount for 2023 is 227 and the amount for 2022 is 160
    • Other administered revenues (note 12): the amount for 2023 is 895 and the amount for 2022 is 413
    • Total other taxes, duties, and charges: the amount for 2023 is 27,104 and the amount for 2022 is 31,374
  • Employment insurance premiums: the amount for 2023 is 27,422 and the amount for 2022 is 24,305
  • Fuel Charge Proceeds: the amount for 2023 is 7,740 and the amount for 2022 is 6,106
  • Interest, penalties, and other revenues (note 13): the amount for 2023 is 10,567 and the amount for 2022 is 5,670
  • Revenues administered for the Government of Canada: the amount for 2023 is 387,859 and the amount for 2022 is 355,488

Revenues administered for provincial and territorial governments and First Nations

  • Income tax revenues
    • Individuals and Trusts: the amount for 2023 is 98,079 and the amount for 2022 is 93,131
    • Corporations: the amount for 2023 is 39,043 and the amount for 2022 is 36,721
    • Total income tax revenues: the amount for 2023 is 137,122 and the amount for 2022 is 129,852
  • Provincial portion of harmonized sales tax (note 14): the amount for 2023 is 38,599 and the amount for 2022 is 35,109
  • Other revenues (note 15): the amount for 2023 is 1,386 and the amount for 2022 is 1,188
  • Revenues administered for provincial and territorial governments and First Nations: the amount for 2023 is 177,107 and the amount for 2022 is 166,149
  • Pension contributions, interest, and penalties administered for the Canada Pension Plan (note 16): the amount for 2023 is 74,994 and the amount for 2022 is 64,737
  • Total administered revenues and pension contributions: the amount for 2023 is 639,960 and the amount for 2022 is 586,374

Canada Revenue Agency
Statement of Administered Expenses and Recoveries
for the year ended March 31
(in millions of dollars)

Canada Revenue Agency Statement of Administered Expenses and Recoveries for the year ended March 31 (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Expenses administered for the Government of Canada
Transfers to individuals
Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan (note 18) (3,395) 16,289
Canada benefit programs for children 24,555 26,226
Climate action incentive 6,872 3,762
Canada workers’ benefit 3,203 2,259
Children’s special allowances 368 372
Refundable tax credits 416 308
Canada dental benefit (note 19) 157 -
Canada housing benefit (note 20) 387 -
Total for Transfers to individuals 32,563 49,216
Transfers to corporations
Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan (note 18) 728 29,801
Refundable investment tax credit 2,052 1,818
Film and video tax credits 864 539
Farmers fuel charge tax credit 82 -
Total for Transfers to corporations 3,726 32,158
Other federal expenses
Doubtful accounts expense (note 3) 6,110 5,260
Interest expense 576 529
Fuel charge proceeds returned to provinces and territories 41 52
Total for Other federal expenses 6,727 5,841
Total expenses administered for the Government of Canada 43,016 87,215
Recoveries administered for the Government of Canada
Old age security benefits (2,658) (2,677)
Employment insurance benefits (269) (516)
Canada Recovery Benefit (note 18) (151) (665)
Total for Recoveries administered for the Government of Canada (3,078) (3,858)
Net expenses and recoveries administered for the Government of Canada 39,938 83,357
Expenses administered for provincial and territorial governments
Transfers to individuals
Family benefit programs 1,864 1,814
Ontario energy and property tax credit 1,526 1,487
Provincial and territorial climate action tax credits and rebates (note 17) 1,215 344
Ontario senior homeowners’ property tax grant 187 160
Other property tax credits 25 106
Other transfers 1,371 948
Total for transfers to individuals 6,188 4,859
Transfers to corporations
Film and television production services tax credits 1,972 1,266
Refundable investment tax credits 792 637
Total for transfers to corporations 2,764 1,903
Expenses administered for provincial and territorial governments 8,952 6,762
Doubtful accounts expense administered for the Canada Pension Plan (note 3) 148 96
Total net administered expenses and recoveries 49,038 90,215

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Canada Revenue Agency Statement of Administered Expenses and Recoveries, for the year ended March 31 (in millions of dollars)

Expenses administered for the Government of Canada

Transfers to individuals

  • Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan (note 18): the amount for 2023 is (3,395) and the amount for 2022 is 16,289
  • Canada benefit programs for children: the amount for 2023 is 24,555 and the amount for 2022 is 26,226
  • Climate action incentive: the amount for 2023 is 6,872 and the amount for 2022 is 3,762
  • Canada workers’ benefit: the amount for 2023 is 3,203 and the amount for 2022 is 2,259
  • Children’s special allowances: the amount for 2023 is 368 and the amount for 2022 is 372
  • Refundable tax credits: the amount for 2023 is 416 and the amount for 2022 is 308
  • Canada dental benefit (note 19): the amount for 2023 is 157 and the amount for 2022 is 0
  • Canada housing benefit (note 20): the amount for 2023 is 387 and the amount for 2022 is 0
  • Total transfers to individuals: the amount for 2023 is 32,563 and the amount for 2022 is 49,216

Transfers to corporations

  • Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan (note 18): the amount for 2023 is 728 and the amount for 2022 is 29,801
  • Refundable investment tax credit: the amount for 2023 is 2,052 and the amount for 2022 is 1,818
  • Film and video tax credits: the amount for 2023 is 864 and the amount for 2022 is 539
  • Farmers fuel charge tax credit: the amount for 2023 is 82 and the amount for 2022 is 0
  • Total transfers to corporations: the amount for 2023 is 3,726 and the amount for 2022 is 32,158

Other federal expenses

  • Doubtful accounts expense (note 3): the amount for 2023 is 6,110 and the amount for 2022 is 5,260
  • Interest expense: the amount for 2023 is 576 and the amount for 2022 is 529
  • Fuel charge proceeds returned to provinces and territories: the amount for 2023 is 41 and the amount for 2022 is 52
  • Total other federal expenses: the amount for 2023 is 6,727 and the amount for 2022 is 5,841

Total expenses administered for the Government of Canada: the amount for 2023 is 43,016 and the amount for 2022 is 87,215

Recoveries administered for the Government of Canada

  • Old age security benefits: the amount for 2023 is (2,658) and the amount for 2022 is (2,677)
  • Employment insurance benefits: the amount for 2023 is (269) and the amount for 2022 is (516)
  • Canada Recovery Benefit (note 18): the amount for 2023 is (151) and the amount for 2022 is (665)
  • Total recoveries administered for the Government of Canada: the amount for 2023 is (3,078) and the amount for 2022 is (3,858)

Net expenses and recoveries administered for the Government of Canada: the amount for 2023 is 39,938 and the amount for 2022 is 83,357

Expenses administered for provincial and territorial governments

Transfers to individuals 

  • Family benefit programs: the amount for 2023 is 1,864 and the amount for 2022 is 1,814
  • Ontario energy and property tax credit: the amount for 2023 is 1,526 and the amount for 2022 is 1,487
  • Provincial and territorial climate action tax credits and rebates (note 17): the amount for 2023 is 1,215 and the amount for 2022 is 344
  • Ontario senior homeowners’ property tax grant: the amount for 2023 is 187 and the amount for 2022 is 160
  • Other property tax credits: the amount for 2023 is 25 and the amount for 2022 is 106
  • Other transfers: the amount for 2023 is 1,371 and the amount for 2022 is 948
  • Total transfers to individuals: the amount for 2023 is 6,188 and the amount for 2022 is 4,859

Transfers to corporations

  • Film and television production services tax credits: the amount for 2023 is 1,972 and the amount for 2022 is 1,266
  • Refundable investment tax credits: the amount for 2023 is 792 and the amount for 2022 is 637
  • Total transfers to corporations: the amount for 2023 is 2,764 and the amount for 2022 is 1,903

Expenses administered for provincial and territorial governments: the amount for 2023 is 8,952 and the amount for 2022 is 6,762

Doubtful accounts expense administered for the Canada Pension Plan (note 3): the amount for 2023 is 148 and the amount for 2022 is 96

Total net administered expenses and recoveries: the amount for 2023 is 49,038 and the amount for 2022 is 90,215

Canada Revenue Agency
Statement of Administered Cash Flows
for the year ended March 31
(in millions of dollars)

Canada Revenue Agency Statement of Administered Cash Flows for the year ended March 31 (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Total administered revenues and pension contributions 639,960 586,374
Total net administered expenses and recoveries (49,038) (90,215)
Revenues paid or payable directly to a province (579) (543)
Expenses paid on behalf of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation 387 -
Changes in administered assets and liabilities:
Cash on hand (379) (2,573)
Amounts receivable from taxpayers and benefit recipients (15,667) (26,426)
Amounts payable to taxpayers and benefit recipients 6,182 7,110
Amounts payable to other organizations 189 59
Deposit accounts 34 14
Net cash deposited in the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Government of Canada (note 8) 581,089 473,800
Consisting of:
Cash deposits to the Consolidated Revenue Fund 770,505 688,601
Cash refunds/payments from the Consolidated Revenue Fund (189,416) (214,801)
Net cash deposited in the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Government of Canada (note 8) 581,089 473,800

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Canada Revenue Agency Statement of Administered Cash Flows, for the year ended March 31 (in millions of dollars)

Total administered revenues and pension contributions: the amount for 2023 is 639,960 and the amount for 2022 is 586,374

Total net administered expenses and recoveries: the amount for 2023 is (49,038) and the amount for 2022 is (90,215)

Revenues paid or payable directly to a province: the amount for 2023 is (579) and the amount for 2022 is (543)

Expenses paid on behalf of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation: the amount for 2023 is 387 and the amount for 2022 is 0

Changes in administered assets and liabilities:

  • Cash on hand: the amount for 2023 is (379) and the amount for 2022 is (2,573)
  • Amounts receivable from taxpayers and benefit recipients: the amount for 2023 is (15,667) and the amount for 2022 is (26,426)
  • Amounts payable to taxpayers and benefit recipients: the amount for 2023 is 6,182 and the amount for 2022 is 7,110
  • Amounts payable to other organizations: the amount for 2023 is 189 and the amount for 2022 is 59
  • Deposit accounts: the amount for 2023 is 34 and the amount for 2022 is 14

Net cash deposited in the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Government of Canada (note 8): the amount for 2023 is 581,089 and the amount for 2022 is 473,800

Consisting of:

  • Cash deposits to the Consolidated Revenue Fund: the amount for 2023 is 770,505 and the amount for 2022 is 688,601
  • Cash refunds/payments from the Consolidated Revenue Fund: the amount for 2023 is (189,416) and the amount for 2022 is (214,801)

Net cash deposited in the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Government of Canada (note 8): the amount for 2023 is 581,089 and the amount for 2022 is 473,800

Canada Revenue Agency
Notes to the Financial Statements – Administered Activities

1. Authority and objectives

The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) is an agent of His Majesty in right of Canada under the Canada Revenue Agency Act. The CRA is a departmental corporation named in Schedule II of the Financial Administration Act and reports to Parliament through the Minister of National Revenue.

The mandate of the CRA is to support the administration and enforcement of tax legislation and other related legislation. The CRA provides support, advice, and services by:

  1. supporting the administration and enforcement of the program legislation;
  2. implementing agreements between the Government of Canada or the CRA and the government of a province, territory, or other public body performing a function of government in Canada to carry out an activity or administer a tax or program;
  3. implementing agreements or arrangements between the CRA and departments or agencies of the Government of Canada to carry out an activity or administer a program; and
  4. implementing agreements between the Government of Canada and First Nations governments to administer a tax.

The CRA administers revenues, including income and sales taxes and Employment insurance premiums, administers tax legislation, delivers a number of social benefit programs to Canadians for the federal, provincial, territorial, and First Nations governments, and administers other amounts, including Canada Pension Plan contributions, for other groups or organizations. In addition to the Canada Revenue Agency Act, the CRA is responsible for administering and enforcing the following acts or parts of acts: the Air Travellers Security Charge Act, the Canada Pension Plan, the Children’s Special Allowances Act, Part V.1 of the Customs Act, the Employment Insurance Act, the Excise Act, the Excise Tax Act (including the goods and services tax (GST) and the harmonized sales tax (HST) except for GST/HST on imported goods), the Excise Act, 2001, the Income Tax Act, the Universal Child Care Benefit Act, the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, the Public Health Events of National Concern Payments Act, the Canada Emergency Response Benefit Act, the Canada Emergency Student Benefit Act, the Canada Recovery Benefits Act, the Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit Act, the Cost of Living Relief Act, the Dental Benefit Act, the Rental Housing Benefit Act, the Select Luxury Items Tax Act, the Underused Housing Tax Act, and, others including various provincial acts.

In the province of Quebec, Revenu Québec (RQ) acts as an agent of the CRA in administering and enforcing the GST, except for GST in respect of selected listed financial institutions. The CRA monitors cash transfers made by RQ, reports the GST revenues administered on its behalf, and transfers funds out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund, which is administered by the Receiver General for Canada, to RQ so it can issue refunds.

Under an agreement with the province of Nova Scotia, the CRA receives workers’ compensation payments and transfers these to the province. The CRA’s mandate for administering customs legislation is limited to the collection functions noted under Part V.1 of the Customs Act. The CRA also provides collection services to Employment and Social Development Canada for certain accounts receivable under various acts.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

For financial reporting purposes, the CRA’s activities have been divided into two sets of financial statements: agency activities and administered activities. The purpose of these administered activities statements is to give information about the tax-related revenues, expenses, assets, and liabilities that the CRA administers on behalf of the federal, provincial, and territorial governments, First Nations, and other organizations. The CRA administers individual income tax for all provinces except Quebec, and corporation income tax for all provinces except Quebec and Alberta. The Financial Statements – Agency Activities include the operational revenues and expenses that the CRA manages and uses to run the organization.

As required by the Canada Revenue Agency Act, the Financial Statements – Administered Activities have been prepared using accounting principles consistent with those applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements of the Government of Canada. As a result, CRA follows those accounting principles to account for the federal administered activities. In addition, activities administered for the provincial and territorial governments, First Nations, and other organizations are accounted for on the same basis as those administered for the federal government, and may differ from the accounting principles used by those provincial and territorial governments, First Nations, and other organizations. These stated accounting policies are based on Canadian public sector accounting standards. A summary of the significant accounting policies follows:

(a) Revenues and pension contributions recognition

Revenues and pension contributions are recognized in the year in which the event that generates the revenue or the pension contribution occurs and when the effective date of the related legislation has passed and either the legislation, regulation or by-laws have been approved by the legislature or the ability to assess and collect tax has been provided through legislative convention.

The Canadian tax system is based on self-assessment, so taxpayers are expected to understand the tax laws and comply with them. This has an impact on the completeness of tax revenues when taxpayers fail to comply with tax laws, for example, if they do not report all of their income. The CRA has implemented systems and controls to detect and correct situations where taxpayers are not complying with the various acts it administers. These systems and controls include audits of taxpayer records when the CRA decides they are necessary, but these procedures cannot be expected to identify all sources of unreported income or other cases of non-compliance with tax laws.

An assessment (or reassessment) of tax includes all decisions and other steps made or taken by the Minister of National Revenue and officials of the CRA under the federal, provincial, and territorial acts or sections of the acts the CRA administers to calculate tax payable by taxpayers. When verifying a taxpayer’s return, the CRA uses the various tax acts it administers and other criteria it developed that are designed to substantially meet the provisions of these acts. Reassessments include changes to taxes previously assessed at the request of the taxpayer, for example to claim a subsequent loss carry-back, or changes the CRA initiated as a result of applying procedures to verify reporting compliance, such as taxpayer audits. An estimate of future reassessments is recorded for amounts under appeal to the various courts in accordance with the accounting policy on contingent liabilities (note 2 (h)) and for amounts under objection in accordance with the accounting policy on taxes under objection (note 2 (g)).

Revenues are reported net of tax concessions. As foregone revenue, tax concessions do not give rise to assets or expenses of the taxing government. Refundable tax credits, deductions, or exemptions provided by the federal, provincial, territorial, or First Nations governments are considered tax concessions when they provide tax relief to taxpayers and relate to the types of taxes that are a revenue source administered by the CRA. When the CRA does not administer the related tax revenue, these refundable tax credits, deductions, or exemptions are accounted for as transfers made through the tax system.

Revenues and pension contributions for the fiscal year include adjustments between the estimates of previous years and actual amounts, as well as reassessments relating to prior years. Revenues do not include estimates of unreported taxes, or the impact of future reassessments that cannot yet be reliably determined.

The following policies are applied for specific streams:

  1. Income tax revenues:

    Income tax revenues are recognized when the taxpayer has earned income that is subject to tax. Income is calculated net of tax deductions and credits allowed under the Income Tax Act, including refundable taxes resulting from current-year activity. For non-resident taxpayers (individuals and corporations), revenues are recognized when the taxpayers receive income from which tax is withheld on active and inactive income they earned in Canada.

    Income tax revenues are measured from amounts assessed/reassessed and from estimates of amounts not yet assessed/reassessed based on cash received that relates to the fiscal year ended March 31.

  2. Canada Pension Plan contributions, and Employment insurance premiums:

    Canada Pension Plan (CPP) contributions from employees, employers, and self-employed persons are recognized when the pensionable income is earned. Employment insurance (EI) premiums are recognized as revenue in the period the insurable earnings are earned.

    CPP contributions, and EI premiums are measured from amounts assessed/reassessed and from estimates of amounts not yet assessed/reassessed based on cash received that relates to the fiscal year ended March 31.

  3. Other taxes, duties, and charges:

    Goods and services tax (GST) and harmonized sales tax (HST) revenues on domestic goods and services, as well as the Quebec sales tax in respect of selected listed financial institutions are recognized at the time the goods are sold or the services provided. Revenues are reported net of input tax credits, GST/HST rebates, and the GST quarterly tax credits in the case of GST revenues. Input tax credits are the recovery of GST/HST paid or owed on purchases related to domestic and imported commercial activities of the taxpayer. Rebates are granted in various circumstances, for example to relieve the tax burden in areas where the cost of housing is very high, or to allow for the recovery of taxes on purchases where the purchaser cannot claim an input tax credit. The GST quarterly tax credit for low-income individuals and families is recorded in the period to which it relates. It is intended to offset the cost of the tax for low-income individuals and families.

    For excise taxes, revenue is recognized when a taxpayer sells goods taxable under the Excise Tax Act. For excise duties, revenue is recognized when the taxpayer manufactures goods taxable under the Excise Act and the Excise Act, 2001.

    For Cannabis duties, revenue is recognized when a taxpayer manufactures goods taxable under the Excise Act, 2001.

    Air travellers security charge revenues are recognized when they are earned.

    For the luxury tax, revenue is recognized when a taxpayer sells goods taxable under the Select Luxury Items Tax Act.

    For the underused housing tax, revenues are recognized when they are earned.

    These revenues are measured from amounts assessed/reassessed, and from estimates of amounts not yet assessed/reassessed based on cash received or historical information, that relate to the fiscal year ended March 31.

  4. Fuel charge proceeds:

    Fuel charge proceeds is accounted for as a charge earned from non-exchange transactions. Fuel charge proceeds are recognized as revenues in the period the charge is earned which is the production and the delivery by registered distributor of the fuel under the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act. Revenues are measured from amounts assessed/reassessed and from estimates of amounts not yet assessed/reassessed based on cash received that relates to the fiscal year ended March 31.

  5. Interest, penalties, and other revenues:

    Interest, penalties, and other revenues are recorded when they are earned. Except for the portion related to CPP which is credited to the CPP account, all interest and penalty revenues are reported as revenues administered for the federal government as stated in the terms of the tax collection agreements with the provinces and territories. Interest and penalties are recorded net of amounts waived or cancelled under the various tax acts.

(b) Expenses

  1. Transfers:

    Transfers are recognized in the year during which the events giving rise to them occur, provided that the transfer is authorized and all eligibility criteria have been met by the recipient, and a reasonable estimate of the amounts can be made.

    Redetermined amounts through post-payment verification are recorded in the year when the existence and amount of the overpayment or underpayment has been determined.

  2. Interest expense:

    Refunds may arise late, largely from the resolution of long-standing corporation tax files in favour of the taxpayer. Interest is accrued on refunds from the date that the tax instalment was initially paid to the date that the case is resolved. The CRA records the interest expense in the fiscal year to which it relates.

  3. Administered recoveries:

    Recoveries of old age security, employment insurance benefits and Canada Recovery Benefit are recognized when the taxpayer has earned sufficient income to trigger the recovery of these benefits. Recoveries of old age security and employment insurance benefits are measured from amounts assessed/reassessed and from estimates of amounts not yet assessed based on cash received that relates to the fiscal year ended March 31. Recoveries of Canada Recovery Benefit are measured from amounts assessed/reassessed. The CRA reports only recoveries assessed through the individual income tax system. Recoveries determined by other federal government departments are not reported in these financial statements.

(c) Cash on hand

The CRA deposits all monies received to the Consolidated Revenue Fund. Cash on hand refers to amounts received in the CRA’s offices or by its agents up to March 31 but not yet deposited to the credit of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Government of Canada. The CRA or its agents deposit funds to the Consolidated Revenue Fund on a daily basis.

(d) Amounts receivable from taxpayers and benefits recipients

Amounts receivable from taxpayers and benefits recipients include taxes, interest, penalties, recoveries of benefit programs payments and other revenues assessed or estimated by the CRA but not yet collected. A significant portion of the amounts receivable results from recording accrued receivables that relate to the current fiscal year but are not due until the next fiscal year.

(e) Allowance for doubtful accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts is management’s best estimate of the collectability of amounts that have been assessed or benefits that have been paid, including the related interest and penalties. The allowance for doubtful accounts has two components. A general allowance is calculated based on the age and type of tax accounts using rates based on historical collection experience. A specific allowance is calculated based on an annual review of all accounts over $25 million.

The allowance for doubtful accounts is adjusted every year through the doubtful accounts expense and is reduced by amounts written off as uncollectible during the year. The annual expense is reported in the Statement of Administered Expenses and Recoveries. Except for the portion related to CPP contributions, which is charged to the CPP account, the provision is charged to expenses administered for the federal government because the CRA assumes all collection risks, as stated in the terms of the tax collection agreements with the provinces, territories, and First Nations.

(f) Amounts payable to taxpayers and benefits recipients

Amounts payable to taxpayers and benefits recipients include transfers, refunds and related interest assessed or estimated by the CRA that were not paid up to March 31. A significant portion of the amounts payable results from recording accrued payables that relate to the current fiscal year but are not due for payment until the next fiscal year.

(g) Taxes under objection

Taxes under objection are assessed taxes for which the taxpayer filed a notice of objection. For cases where it is determined that the CRA has little or no discretion to avoid settlement, the amounts to be paid is recorded in the amounts payable to taxpayers or in reduction of the amounts receivable from taxpayers, as applicable. The amounts in objection for which a liability has not been recorded are disclosed in note 9 to the financial statements.

(h) Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities are potential liabilities resulting from taxes assessed which have been appealed to the Tax Court of Canada, the Federal Court of Appeal, or the Supreme Court of Canada. Amounts in appeal might become actual liabilities if one or more future events occurs or does not occur. If the future event is likely to occur or likely to not occur, and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made, an estimated liability is accrued and the revenues are reduced. The extent of these cases are not disclosed as it could have an adverse effect on their outcome. If the likelihood cannot be determined or an amount cannot be reasonably estimated, the contingency is disclosed in note 10 to the financial statements.

(i) Measurement uncertainty

To prepare these statements, management has to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and recoveries reported. Estimates are used to record unassessed tax revenues and the related amounts receivable and payable, as well as the allowance for doubtful accounts. In particular, estimates are made to determine individual and trust income tax revenues, corporation income tax revenues, non-resident tax withholdings, GST/HST revenues, energy taxes, other excise taxes and duties revenues, Air travellers security charge revenues, EI premiums, CPP contributions, and the related amounts receivable and payable.

A key assumption used in estimating tax revenues is that tax instalments, source deductions withheld and historical information on refund rates, payments received upon filing tax returns, and amounts receivable assessed are good indicators of the amount of tax revenue earned to March 31 that has not yet been assessed. Another assumption is that historical tax assessment information is a good basis to allocate tax revenues between their various components (for example, between federal, provincial, and territorial tax revenues). Relevant factors such as new administered activities, legislative changes, and economic factors may also be considered. Finally, the key assumption used to estimate the general allowance for doubtful accounts is that historical collection information is a good indicator of uncollectible receivables.

Estimates are based on the best information available at the time of preparation of these statements and management believes these estimates and assumptions to be reasonable. Actual results could differ significantly from the estimates and any differences are recorded in the year the actual amounts are determined. Management monitors the accuracy of the estimates and the underlying assumptions through annual validation procedures and adjusts its estimation models as required.

The CRA expects that the estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements will continue to be affected by the pandemic and economic situation. The full potential impact of the pandemic is unknown as it will depend on future developments that are uncertain. Such uncertainties include the pandemic’s impact on the economy and on the CRA’s ability to carry out its responsibilities.

3. Amounts receivable from taxpayers and benefit recipients

The following table provides details of the amounts receivable as reported in the Statement of Administered Assets and Liabilities. Amounts receivable from individuals and employers include CPP contributions and Employment insurance premiums as applicable. 

Amounts receivable from taxpayers and benefit recipients (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Gross Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
Net Net
Individuals and Trusts 96,966 (9,995) 86,971 86,485
Employers 34,289 (1,713) 32,576 27,224
Corporations 33,638 (5,257) 28,381 23,721
Non-residents 3,605 (521) 3,084 2,937
GST/HST 29,212 (4,959) 24,253 22,626
Excise taxes and duties and miscellaneous charges 3,631 (225) 3,406 2,011
Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan - Individuals 5,478 (1,881) 3,597 1,659
Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan - Businesses 269 (108) 161 99
Total 207,088 (24,659) 182,429 166,762

Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts include the following:

Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts (in millions of dollars)
Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
March 31, 2022
Doubtful
accounts
expense
Write-offs Allowance for
doubtful
accounts
March 31, 2023
Individuals and Trusts (9,408) (1,622) 1,035 (9,995)
Employers (1,497) (467) 251 (1,713)
Corporations (4,571) (966) 280 (5,257)
Non-residents (320) (716) 515 (521)
GST/HST (4,766) (922) 729 (4,959)
Excise taxes and duties and miscellaneous charges (133) (139) 47 (225)
Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan - Individuals (534) (1,347) - (1,881)
Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan - Businesses (29) (79) - (108)
Total (21,258) (6,258) 2,857 (24,659)

The doubtful accounts expense of $6,258 million ($5,356 million in 2022) reported above includes an amount of $6,110 million ($5,260 million in 2022) recorded as an expense administered for the Government of Canada (see note 2 (e)) and $148 million ($96 million in 2022) recorded as an expense administered for the CPP.

4. Amounts receivable under the tobacco civil settlements

On July 31, 2008, the federal and provincial governments entered into civil settlement agreements with two tobacco companies to resolve potential civil claims. Under the terms of the agreements, payments totalling $850 million are to be made to Canada, for Canada and the provinces. The federal government’s share is $325 million and the provincial governments’ share is $525 million. Due to court proceedings, a stay of extension order has been issued to one of the tobacco companies until Fall 2023. These amounts are recorded at the nominal value. The current balance of $49 million ($26 million federal and $23 million provincial) represents the remaining unpaid balance as at March 31, 2023

5. Amounts payable to taxpayers and benefit recipients

The following table provides details of the amounts payable as reported in the Statement of Administered Assets and Liabilities:

Amounts payable to taxpayers and benefit recipients (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Individuals and Trusts 48,531 44,192
Employers 25 43
Corporations 14,477 15,858
Non-residents 57 23
GST/HST 21,401 16,406
Excise taxes & duties and miscellaneous charges 119 80
Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan - Individuals 34 136
Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan - Businesses 176 1,900
Total 84,820 78,638

6. Amounts payable to other organizations

The following table provides details of amounts payable to other organizations as reported in the Statement of Administered Assets and Liabilities:

Amounts payable to other organizations (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Amounts payable to Quebec:
Quebec sales tax in respect of selected listed financial institutions 250 228
Individual income tax withholdings 198 203
GST refunds issued by Quebec 127 161
Provincial share of the tobacco civil settlements (note 4) 23 23
Amount payable to Canada Mortgage Housing Corporation (note 20) 113 -
Amount payable to Health Canada (note 19) 93 -
Other payables 1 1
Total 805 616

The CRA is acting as an agent for the provinces under the tobacco civil settlements. The CRA’s liability to the provinces for their expected share of the settlement amounts is limited to the amounts that will ultimately be collected from the tobacco companies.

The Department of Finance makes payments out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund to provinces, territories and First Nations for taxes which the CRA administers. These amounts payable to provinces, territories, and First Nations are not recorded in these financial statements because they are outside the CRA’s responsibility.

The CRA received $365 million in Nova Scotia worker’s compensation payments during the year ($328 million in 2022), these payments are transferred directly to the province. Since this is a flow through arrangement, it is not reported as administered revenues. 

7. Deposit accounts

Deposit accounts are established to record cash and securities required to guarantee payment of GST for non-resident registrants and certain licensees for excise taxes, which are both payable pursuant to the Excise Tax Act. The following table provides activity on the deposit accounts as reported in the Statement of Administered Assets and Liabilities:

Deposit accounts (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Balance, beginning of year 340 326
Receipts and other credits 75 47
Payments and other charges (41) (33)
Balance, end of year 374 340

8. Net amount due to the Consolidated Revenue Fund

The net amount due to the Consolidated Revenue Fund on behalf of the Government of Canada and others is the difference between administered assets (taxes not yet received and/or deposited in the Consolidated Revenue Fund) and administered liabilities payable by the CRA out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund.

The net cash deposited in the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Government of Canada includes amounts the CRA receives on behalf of the federal government, provinces, territories, and other organizations, less refunds and payments issued from the Consolidated Revenue Fund during the year.

The following table provides the change in the net amount due to the Consolidated Revenue Fund, on behalf of the Government of Canada and others, during the fiscal year:

Net amount due to the Consolidated Revenue Fund (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Net amount beginning of year 100,008 78,192
Total administered revenues and pension contributions 639,960 586,374
Total net administered expenses and recoveries (49,038) (90,215)
Revenues paid or payable directly to a province (579) (543)
Expenses paid on behalf of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation 387 -
Net cash deposited in the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Government of Canada (581,089) (473,800)
Net amount end of year 109,649 100,008

9. Taxes under objection

Taxes under objections as defined in note 2 (g) for which a liability has not been recorded, amounts to $27.3 billion ($24.2 billion for 2022).

10. Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities as defined in note 2 (h), for which it is not determinable as to whether a liability exists or a reasonable estimate of the potential loss cannot be made, represent $8.7 billion ($7.0 billion for 2022). 

11. Goods and services tax revenues

The GST reported on the Statement of Administered Revenues and Pension Contributions includes the federal portion of harmonized sales tax (HST). It is net of input tax credits (ITC), rebates, and the GST quarterly tax credit for low‑income individuals and families that the CRA administers. It does not include GST revenues on imported goods, which are administered and reported by the Canada Border Services Agency. The CRA has sole responsibility for administering all ITC, including those claimed on imported goods. ITC relating to GST on imports are not accounted for separately from ITC relating to GST on domestic transactions.

To support those most affected by inflation, the Government of Canada issued additional payments of $4.4 billion through GST credit payments to assist Canadian individuals and families. A one-time payment doubling the GST credit amount eligible individuals and families receive for a six-month period was made in accordance with the Cost of Living Relief Act, No.1 (Targeted tax Relief). Furthermore, an additional payment doubled the GST credit amount of the regular January 2023 to eligible Canadians in accordance with the Cost of Living Relief Act, No.3 (Targeted tax Relief).

The following table provides details of the GST revenues that the CRA administers for the Government of Canada as reported in the Statement of Administered Revenues and Pension Contributions:

Goods and services tax revenues (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Gross GST/HST revenues 400,529 351,088
ITC (317,839) (272,827)
Provincial portion of HST (47,897) (43,686)
GST revenues net of ITC 34,793 34,575
GST rebates (8,668) (7,919)
GST quarterly tax credit for low-income individuals and families (9,738) (5,073)
Total 16,387 21,583

12. Other administered revenues

The following table provides details of Other administered taxes under Other taxes, duties and charges as reported in the Statement of Administered Revenues and Pension Contributions:

Other administered revenues (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Air travellers security charge 758 413
Luxury Tax 137 -
Total 895 413

The luxury tax applies to certain vehicles and aircraft priced above $100,000 and certain vessels priced above $250,000. This came into effect on September 1, 2022 under the Select Luxury Items Tax Act.

The Underused Housing Tax is an annual 1% tax on the ownership of vacant or underused housing in Canada that took effect on January 1, 2022 under the Underused Housing Tax Act. The CRA started processing those returns after March 31, 2023. As such, no amounts were recorded in 2023. 

13. Interest, penalties, and other revenues

Various tax legislations give the CRA the authority, under certain conditions, to assess interest for taxes due and penalties related to non-compliance with regulations by taxpayers. Interest is charged on overdue balances using rates determined quarterly, which in most cases are based on the ninety day Treasury Bills rate rounded plus 4%. The interest rate applicable as at March 31, 2023 on most overdue balances was 8% (5% in 2022). The CRA has the authority to waive or cancel the interest and penalties that would normally be charged under certain circumstances such as processing delays caused by the CRA, financial hardship experienced by taxpayers, or other extraordinary circumstances.

Other revenues consist of miscellaneous fees and charges such as court fines and administration charges for dishonoured payments.

The following table provides details on interest, penalties, and other revenues that the CRA administers for the federal government as reported in the Statement of Administered Revenues and Pension Contributions:

Interest, penalties, and other revenues (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Gross interest and penalties 11,214 6,202
Interest and penalties waived or cancelled under authority of the Income Tax Act and Excise Tax Act (652) (536)
Net interest and penalties 10,562 5,666
Fines imposed under various acts 3 3
Other revenues 2 1
Total 10,567 5,670

14. Provincial portion of harmonized sales tax

The CRA administers the provincial portion of the HST for the provinces of Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island as well as returns for the period from July 2010 to March 2013 for British Columbia. The CRA recorded these revenues in accordance with the accounting policies described in note 2 (a).

The provincial portion of HST reported on the Statement of Administered Revenues and Pension Contributions is net of input tax credits (ITC), rebates and credits accounted as tax concessions. It includes the recaptured ITC, which applies to certain types of supplies purchased by large businesses. It does not include the provincial portion of HST collected on imported goods, which is administered and reported by the Canada Border Services Agency.

The following table provides details on the provincial portion of HST revenues as reported in the Statement of Administered Revenues and Pension Contributions:

Provincial portion of harmonized sales tax (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Provincial portion of HST 47,897 43,686
Provincial portion of HST rebates (1,892) (1,677)
Recaptured ITC (3) -
HST provincial rebates (5,649) (5,257)
Provincial portion of HST net revenues before credits 40,353 36,752
Provincial sales tax credits
Ontario harmonized sales tax credit (1,392) (1,358)
Newfoundland and Labrador harmonized sales tax credit (129) (120)
New Brunswick sales tax credit (92) (95)
Nova Scotia affordable living tax credit (59) (61)
Prince Edward Island sales tax credits (82) (8)
British Columbia harmonized sales tax credit - (1)
Total provincial sales tax credits (1,754) (1,643)
Total 38,599 35,109

15. Other revenues

The following table provides details of other revenues the CRA administers for provincial and territorial governments and First Nations as reported in the Statement of Administered Revenues and Pension Contributions. 

Other revenues (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Quebec sales tax in respect of selected listed financial institutions 579 543
Provincial share of Cannabis duties 736 577
First Nations income tax 38 37
First Nations sales tax and GST 33 31
Total 1,386 1,188

16. Pension contributions, interest, and penalties administered for the Canada Pension Plan

The following table provides details of the transactions the CRA administers for the CPP as reported in the Statement of Administered Revenues and Pension Contributions:

Pension contributions, interest, and penalties administered for the Canada Pension Plan (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
Pension contributions 74,691 64,569
Interest and penalties 303 168
Total 74,994 64,737

17. Provincial and territorial climate action tax credits and rebates

The Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act (GGPPA), which received Royal Assent on June 21, 2018, provides authority to the Government of Canada to implement a carbon pricing system for provinces and territories that do not have a system that meets the federal standard. Through the Climate Action Incentive (CAI), all direct proceeds from the federal carbon pricing system are redistributed to residents in the provinces and territories where the federal system was adopted.

Provinces and territories, that may have their own carbon pricing system or are in the process of implementing a federal-approved system, can redistribute their carbon pricing system proceeds through other rebates and credits programs. Some of these climate action tax credits and rebates programs are administered by the CRA on behalf of the provinces and territories.

The following table provides details of the expenses the CRA administers for the provincial and territorial climate action tax credits and rebates as reported in the Statement of Administered Expenses and Recoveries:

Provincial and territorial climate action tax credits and rebates (in millions of dollars)
2023 2022
British Columbia low-income climate action tax credit 1,188 320
Alberta climate leadership adjustment rebate 6 9
Northwest territories cost of living offset 10 8
Yukon government carbon price rebate individuals 11 7
Total 1,215 344

18. Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan

Since March 2020, the Government of Canada announced a series of tax and economic measures under the Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan (the Response Plan) to support the Canadian economy during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The Response Plan is designed to support people, businesses and organizations facing hardship as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak.

The following table provides details on transfers related to the Response Plan that the CRA administers as reported in the Statement of Administered Expenses and Recoveries. Negative amounts reflect recoveries in excess of transfer payments:

Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan (in millions of dollars)
Program End Date 2023 2022
Transfers to Individuals:
Canada Emergency Response BenefitFootnote * September 26, 2020 (1,687) (954)
Canada Recovery BenefitFootnote * October 23, 2021 (1,219) 13,191
Canada Recovery Caregiving BenefitFootnote * May 7, 2022 (532) 2,162
Canada Recovery Sickness BenefitFootnote * May 7, 2022 54 939
Canada Worker Lockdown BenefitFootnote * May 7, 2022 (10) 910
Canada Emergency Student BenefitFootnote * August 29, 2020 (1) 41
TotalFootnote (3,395) 16,289
Transfers to Businesses:
Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy October 23, 2021 (333) 21,484
Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy October 23, 2021 (11) 3,702
Tourism and Hospitality Recovery Program May 7, 2022 494 2,214
Canada Recovery Hiring Program May 7, 2022 362 1,068
Hardest-Hit Business Recovery Program May 7, 2022 139 526
10% Temporary Wage Subsidy for Employers June 19, 2020 77 807
TotalFootnote 728 29,801

In addition to the above table, the amount of Canada benefit programs for children includes $34 million ($1,694 million in 2022) of Canada Child Benefit Young Child Supplement.

Transfers paid under the Response Plan are subject to various pre and post-payment verification procedures. A recipient of a COVID-19 benefit payment must reimburse benefits for any amounts for which they were not eligible. These overpayments are reported as amounts receivable from benefit recipients when determined. Post-payment verification activities commenced shortly after payment issuance and are expected to continue over a number of years. The future cumulative value of these overpayments could be material. Amounts receivable as at March 31 are presented in note 3.

In addition to the above transfers, the related doubtful accounts expense is $1,989 million ($563 million in 2022) (see note 3). Furthermore, the Canada Recovery Benefit is subject to clawback. The recovery amounts are presented in the Statement of Administered Expenses and Recoveries.

19. Canada Dental Benefit 

The Canada Dental Benefit (CDB) is intended to help lower dental costs for eligible families earning less than $90,000 per year, in accordance with the Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2 (Targeted Support for Households), and the Dental Benefit Act. The CDB started on December 1, 2022, as the first phase of the program, and was extended to children under the age of 12. The CRA administered the CDB payments on behalf Health Canada (HC) and received advanced funding of $250 million. The balance of undisbursed amounts is presented in Note 6. 

20. Canada Housing Benefit 

A One-time top-up to the Canada Housing Benefit (OTCHB) is intended to provide financial support to Canadians facing housing affordability challenges in accordance with the Cost of Living Relief Act, No. 2 (Targeted Support for Households), and the Rental Housing Benefit Act. The OTCHB started on December 12, 2022. The CRA administered this one-time payment on behalf the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) and received advanced funding of $500 million. The balance of undisbursed amounts is presented in Note 6.

21. Related-party transactions

The CRA is related in terms of common ownership to all Government of Canada departments, agencies, and Crown corporations. These transactions take place in the normal course of business based on the provisions of the Income Tax Act, Excise Tax Act and established directives and procedures.

The individual income tax, employment insurance premiums and CPP contributions deducted at source from employees by federal departments and other organizations are declared and transferred to the CRA, and are included in the revenues and pension contributions administered by the CRA. Employment insurance premiums include the federal government employer share.

The GST collected by federal government departments and other organizations is declared and transferred to the CRA, and included in the GST revenues and the provincial portion of HST. The GST administered by the CRA includes the GST that federal departments and some organizations pay to their suppliers on domestic purchases.

The CRA administers corporations’ income tax payable by certain Crown corporations. Finally, the CRA also administers a refund set-off program that provides for individuals’ tax refunds to be used to pay debts owed under federal, provincial, or territorial programs.

The CRA entered into an agreement with Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) to administer, on their behalf, transfers to individuals included in the Canada’s COVID-19 Economic Response Plan. Those programs are the Canada Emergency Response Benefit, the Canada Recovery Benefit, the Canada Emergency Student Benefit, the Canada Recovery Caregiving Benefit, the Canada Recovery Sickness Benefit and the Canada Worker Lockdown Benefit.

The CRA entered into an agreement with HC to administer, on their behalf, transfers to individuals for the CDB.

The CRA entered into an agreement with the CMHC to administer, on their behalf, transfers to individuals for the OTCHB.

In addition to the above transactions, which are included in these financial statements, the CRA provides collection services to the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) under Part V.I of the Customs Act. It also provides collection services to ESDC for certain accounts receivable under the Canada Education Savings Act, the Canada Student Loans Act, the Canada Student Financial Assistance Act, the Canada Pension Plan, the Old Age Security Act. The related payments are made directly to either the CBSA or ESDC, who are responsible for their deposits to the Consolidated Revenue Fund, as well as their accounting and reporting. These payments are not recorded in the CRA’s accounts.

22. Comparative figures

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the presentation adopted in the current year.

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