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Pan-Canadian Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance: Year 2 Progress Report (June 2024 to May 2025)

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Contents

Introduction

Canada is taking concrete actions to reduce the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The Pan-Canadian Action Plan (PCAP) on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) applies a collaborative One Health approach with federal, provincial and territorial (FPT) governments, to implement the ten shared priority actions in response to the growing threat of AMR. These committed actions span across five pillars: 1) Research and Innovation, 2) Surveillance, 3) Stewardship, 4) Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), and 5) Leadership.

In September 2024 Canada published its first progress report on the PCAP entitled Year 1 Progress Report: June 2023–May 2024, which outlined key FPT accomplishments such as Canada's Genomics Research and Development Initiative (GRDI) on AMR (AMR-One Health) and Nova Scotia's AMR Action Plan. The Year 1 Report was released ahead of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) High-Level Meeting (HLM) on AMR, and was supported by a joint written statement from Canada's Chief Public Health Officer and Chief Veterinary Officer which reaffirmed Canada's ongoing commitment to addressing this global health threat.

The Year 2 Progress Report provides an update on the continuing progress made in implementing the PCAP from June 1, 2024, to May 31, 2025. Across all pillars, FPT partners are strengthening domestic and global leadership on AMR in collaboration with stakeholders across One Health sectors.

Canada is committed to continuing to develop subsequent progress reports which will capture and reflect new evidence, projects, timelines, resource context as well as challenges. It is important to note that key PCAP activities have varying timelines and resources.

Pillar 1: Research and innovation

Research and innovation play a crucial role in tackling the growing threat of AMR in Canada. The PCAP highlights the need for multi-disciplinary research and innovation to secure new antimicrobials for human use, facilitate sustainable access, develop diagnostics and alternatives, including vaccines, and continue to strengthen a One Health approach to research and development.

Priority Actions:

  1. 1.1 Develop and implement economic and/or regulatory incentives to support innovation and facilitate sustainable access to new and existing antimicrobials, diagnostics, and alternatives to antimicrobials.
  2. 1.2 Develop a One Health, national research strategy for combatting AMR across all Action Plan pillars.

The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), in collaboration with Health Canada (HC) and other federal partners workedto develop a pilot project with a goal of increasing access to high-priority antimicrobials for humans that have not yet been granted market authorization in Canada. To support this, PHAC consulted with drug manufacturers, FPT counterparts, hospital clinicians, health authorities, professional associations and networks to inform the development and design of the Antimicrobial Economic Incentives Pilot Project for Canada.

As announced in 2023, PHAC provided funding to Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Biopharmaceutical Accelerator (CARB-X) until March 2025. Over the last year, this investment supported CARB-X's 2025 request for proposals to support projects that address critical gaps in AMR. A total of 333 Expressions of Interest were submitted across the specified themes, and projects are expected to be published later in 2025.

Spotlight: One Health AMR Research Strategy

The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), with support from PHAC and Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), continue to develop a National One Health AMR Research Strategy (NOHARS). The purpose of the strategy is to help prioritize and coordinate AMR research, including supporting a collaborative One Health approach that integrates human, animal, agriculture and environmental research priorities. Over the past year, a list of potential priorities was developed and refined through a pan-Canadian survey and other engagement activities, including conference workshops and focus groups. The next step is to consult with Indigenous partners and create a strategy document that will include the results of a federally-funded AMR research mapping exercise, and a list of research priorities.

Additional Research and Innovation activities underway include:

Pillar 2: Surveillance

The Surveillance pillar is the foundation of Canada's ability to detect and understand AMR threats. It is closely linked to other pillars such as Research and Innovation, Stewardship, and Infection Prevention and Control and Leadership, and supports the development of evidence-based decisions and policies that address AMR. Access to reliable surveillance data improves Canada's ability to effectively respond to AMR threats across all One Health threats.

Priority Actions:

  1. 2.1 Maintain sources, coverage and integration of AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU) surveillance data, including the use of modern laboratory technologies and standardized reporting, to help monitor AMR/AMU across One Health sectors, with specific focus on: improving data from the environment; transmission pathways between sectors; and population groups disproportionately impacted by AMR and inappropriate AMU.
  2. 2.2 Work with partners to:
    • establish baselines and targets for national, provincial and territorial levels of AMR and appropriate AMU in human health.
    • establish baselines, goals and measures of progress for increasing appropriate AMU and reducing AMR in the agriculture and agri-food sectors.

PHAC released an updated AMR Priority Pathogen List which replaced the original 2015 list. Prioritizing AMR pathogens helps focus resources used for strengthening human surveillance and stewardship activities, improving IPC measures and supporting the development of new treatment and diagnostic strategies. Of the 155 pathogens assessed, 68 (44%) showed evidence of AMR, and 29 were selected for detailed analysis using a multi-criteria decision analysis framework based on nine weighted criteria Footnote 2 . This methodology, aligned with international best practices, was tailored to Canadian priorities and used national data from 2017 to 2022. Notably, Canada is the first country to include health equity as a prioritization criterion, reinforcing its commitment to addressing health disparities and ensuring that disproportionately affected populations are considered in future AMR strategies.

In November 2024, HC and PHAC jointly published the 2023 Veterinary Antimicrobial Sales Highlights Report, and updated the existing Veterinary Antimicrobial Sales Reporting (VASR) dashboard. The report summarizes key findings from the VASR system, which is a component of the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS), and provides a summary of medically important antimicrobial sales intended for use in animals. For the first time, sales of medically important antimicrobials for cattle were stratified by production type (dairy cattle, beef cattle, veal calves) using biomass estimates (population and weight measures) specific to each group. In addition, provincial-level sales of medically important antimicrobials for animals were adjusted by province-specific animal biomass estimates. This adjustment more accurately reflects provincial antimicrobial sales by taking into account the different animal industries in each province. PHAC's CIPARS also published a new dashboard for farm AMU with up to 2023 data. CIPARS also hosted its annual CIPARS stakeholder webinar to share key findings from the most recent surveillance data. The webinar included a main presentation (PDF) of integrated data across surveillance components, followed by five concurrent presentations of sector-specific data in humans, poultry, dairy cattle, feedlot cattle and grower-finisher pigs. Additional data shared included:

Spotlight: Public Health Agency of Canada’s Environmental Surveillance Strategic Framework

To advance environmental surveillance of AMR, PHAC developed the Environmental Surveillance Strategic Framework (ESSF) for AMR. This framework will guide PHAC's efforts to enhance access to data on AMR from environmental sources, including drivers that can contribute to its emergence and spread, and transmission pathways among One Health sectors. The ESSF proposes a series of short, medium, and long-term actions aimed at strengthening data availability and integration through collaboration with partners. These actions support PHAC's goal of implementing a One Health approach to detect, understand and mitigate the impacts of AMR in Canada. Notably, the ESSF is among the first frameworks, at the international level, that focuses on environmental AMR surveillance and reinforcing Canada's leadership in this emerging field.

Spotlight: Public Health Ontario's – Strengthening Ontario Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (SOARS) initiative

PHO's Strengthening Ontario Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (SOARS) initiative aims to improve access to comprehensive AMR and AMU data by leveraging technical expertise and capacity developed through the COMBAT-AMR initiative and operationalizing the use of Ontario Laboratories Information System (OLIS) and other provincial data assets. Examples of work that has been undertaken to support this initiative include:

Spotlight: Québec's Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPAQ)

Monitoring antibiotic use and bacterial resistance to antibiotics is essential in animal health and for combatting AMR. The Government of Québec's Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (French only) (MAPAQ) continues to implement activities that explore antibiotic use in Québec including:

Additional Surveillance activities underway include:

Pillar 3: Stewardship

Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) utilizes a systems approach, recognizing the role of patients, prescribers, producers and the public in the promotion, monitoring, improvement and evaluation of appropriate AMU. Efforts have been made to ensure the prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials across both human and animal health to slow the emergence and spread of AMR. These crucial educational efforts allow for increased confidence in prescribing and supporting the preservation of the effectiveness of antimicrobials.

Priority Actions:

  1. 3.1 Develop, implement and promote guidelines/standards for appropriate AMU in humans and animals through policy and regulatory initiatives, monitoring and educational interventions/accreditation requirements for health professionals and prescribers.
  2. 3.2 Foster understanding of the risks of AMR and the importance of appropriate use of antimicrobials in humans and animals amongst the public, patients and producers through awareness/education campaigns, feedback mechanisms and policy and regulatory initiatives.

In 2024, HC published new educational materials for patients on the appropriate use of antimicrobials. The materials included a poster and a fact sheet that aimed to improve the understanding of the risks of AMR and the crucial role patients play in supporting AMS and preserving the effectiveness of antimicrobials. HC and PHAC collaborated on opportunities for dissemination to Canadian patients and AMS stakeholders, such as health care professionals and patient partners groups.

PHAC continued to support a national antimicrobial prescribing guideline project with the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease (AMMI) Canada and Spectrum (Firstline). The first set of guidelines were finalized in November 2025, and will be distributed to health care providers at the point-of-care through the Firstline digital platform.

Additionally, with the financial support of CFIA and PHAC, the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences (CAHS) published an assessment of AMR and AMU in food-producing animals in Canada (PDF). The report highlighted strategic interventions that can be implemented to further strengthen the prudent use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals in Canada to help mitigate the risk of AMR to human health, and emphasized the importance of CIPARS surveillance of AMR and AMU in food-producing animals in measuring and demonstrating the success of policy changes.

Spotlight: Québec's Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPAQ)

MAPAQ proposed, and passed, a bill to amend the Animal Health Protection Act (chapter P-42). The amendments came into force on October 8, 2024 and enabled the Québec government to respond more effectively to health emergencies, adopt improved response methods to address new animal health issues, and better combat antibiotic resistance, thereby ensuring better protection of animal and public health, and preserving the economic health of the bio-food sector.

In addition, MAPAQ supported various stewardship projects to combat AMR such as:

Spotlight: PACE in BC

The Provincial Antimicrobial Clinical Expert committee (PACE) in BC was established in 2014 and oversees a wide array of antimicrobial stewardship activities across the province including drug reviews and the development of best practice guidance. It is comprised of medical (infectious disease physicians) and pharmaceutical representatives from each of the BC health authorities and programs (e.g., BC Centre for Disease Control). Recent accomplishments include the development of:

PACE's public-facing guidance can be found at: Antimicrobial Stewardship for Healthcare Professionals.

Additional Stewardship activities underway include:

Pillar 4: Infection, Prevention and Control

Infection, Prevention and Control (IPC) strategies for human and animal health such as washing hands, staying home when sick, vaccination, veterinary oversight and biosecurity measures are a few effective strategies for controlling the spread of infection. In healthcare settings, IPC measures can prevent and mitigate the risk of healthcare-associated infections. These are crucial activities that help to prevent the spread of infections, decreasing the need for antimicrobials, thereby limiting the threat of AMR.

Priority Actions

  1. 4.1 Increase effective implementation of infection prevention measures, particularly for populations disproportionately impacted by AMR such as remote, northern and isolated communities, First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations, long-term care residents, and hospitalized patients by developing, updating and promoting uptake of guidelines/best practices for human health.
  2. 4.2 Support the increased implementation of enhanced IPC, biosecurity, and food safety protocols across the agriculture and agri-food sectors, prioritizing sound animal husbandry, access to veterinary care, and access to additional health and nutritional aids to promote animal health.

Efforts have been made to address information gaps, update and promote infection prevention guidelines, and scale up best practices to ensure the protection of disproportionately impacted populations along with the community at large. Notably, with support from the National Advisory Committee on Infection Prevention and Control (NAC-IPC), PHAC published IPC guidelines for Candida auris – a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that can cause healthcare associated invasive infections and outbreaks, posing a serious threat to Canadians and global health. In addition, PHAC has developed an infographic (PDF) summarizing IPC best practices to help control the spread of C. auris in healthcare settings.

Ontario's Ministry of Health continued to support and strengthen the Infection Prevention and Control Hub program (PDF) ("Hub program"). The Hub program is a recognized network of IPC expertise for congregate living settings (CLS) that provides tailored supports that protect vulnerable populations within CLS. By increasing IPC capacity in CLS, the Hub program aims to decrease rates of infection, decrease frequency, duration and severity of outbreaks, as well as decrease the transmission of antibiotic-resistant organisms in these settings.

The Hub program also supports the broader health system by ensuring there is capacity for these CLS to respond to new and emerging infectious disease threats. IPC Hubs are a key driver in strengthening sustainable IPC capacity across Ontario to improve resident and population health outcomes and continue to build a skilled, adaptable, and resilient health workforce, including certified infection control practitioners.

There are currently 37 IPC Hubs that are hosted both within hospitals and public health units in every region across the province, including rural and remote regions of the province. In Spring 2025, the Hubs were able to successfully pivot their resources and expertise to support the measles outbreak:

Additional infection prevention and control activities:

Pillar 5: Leadership

Canada continues to demonstrate strong leadership both domestically and internationally in fostering interjurisdictional coordination and global collaboration to combat AMR. Through sustained efforts, Canada is advancing key initiatives that support the effective implementation of the PCAP, reinforcing its commitment to a cohesive One Health response to AMR.

Priority Actions

  1. 5.1 Build on existing One Health AMR governance structures to create a "network of networks" with inclusive representation to support action plan implementation and share progress and lessons learned within and across the five pillars of action, prioritizing strengthened FPT, First Nations, Inuit and Métis collaboration to co-develop AMR actions.
  2. 5.2 Increase Canada's contributions to global efforts to advance key bilateral and multilateral commitments by prioritizing:
    1. Generating improved data/evidence on AMR/AMU and strengthening surveillance systems and data standards
    2. Maintaining efforts to support low- and middle-income countries by advancing equitable access, stewardship and IPC initiatives

Domestically, key governance groups such as the Federal, Provincial and Territorial AMR Steering Committee (FPT SC), PHAC's Expert Advisory Group on AMR and the federal Interdepartmental Director Generals' Group on AMR have enabled coordinated engagement and collaboration across all One Health Sectors. Regular meetings of PCAP governance tables have enabled partners to advance several key priorities and have provided an opportunity to engage with experts across a range of One Health sectors and senior officials from 13 federal departments, which ensures a comprehensive One Health approach to PCAP implementation. In addition, since the renewal of the FPT SC's mandate in July 2024 the committee's membership grew to include representation from both human and animal/agricultural sectors across all PTs.

Last year marked a pivotal year for AMR in the international landscape. Two capstone international events took place: the UNGA HLM on AMR in September 2024; and the Fourth Global High-Level Ministerial Conference on AMR in November 2024. For the UNGA HLM Political Declaration on AMR (PDF), Canada ensured that its priorities and perspectives were incorporated allowing for clear alignment with PCAP and successful participation of Canadian officials at the HLM. Last year's G7 Health Ministers Meeting in Italy and G20 Health Ministers Meeting in Brazil both included dialogue related to AMR in which Canada participated. In March 2025, Canada engaged with G7 partners for a technical working group conversation related to access and innovation in the AMR space. These international efforts have been instrumental in revitalizing global momentum and advancing efforts to address AMR, and it is critical that this attention is sustained moving forward.

Spotlight: Alberta's Action Plan on AMR

In November 2024, the Government of Alberta publicly released Alberta's One Health Antimicrobial Resistance Framework for Action (the Framework). This Framework lays the groundwork for Alberta's response to AMR and guides their efforts to effectively address this growing threat. The Framework was developed through extensive engagement with AMR partners, including human and animal health professionals, professional associations and licensing bodies, healthcare delivery partners, agriculture and agri-food industries, and academics, to provide crucial direction for Alberta's approach to AMR. It acknowledges a One Health approach for coordinating efforts among the ministries of Health, Agriculture and Irrigation, and Environment and Protected Areas, and will be implemented through a phased approach with an investment of $5M over the next two years for stewardship initiatives from the Government of Alberta. As successes and best practices are learned through each phase of implementation, the Government of Alberta will continue to engage with partners and stakeholders to identify priority areas for action for implementation.

Additional leadership activities underway include:

Look Ahead

Governments and partners are committed to continuing to advance priority actions across the five PCAP pillars. PCAP is an evergreen plan, and therefore this coming year will be an opportunity to continue to build upon efforts and activities that are informed by research, analysis, lessons learned and engagement. The following highlights some key areas that will continue to be advanced.

Research and innovation:

Surveillance:

Stewardship:

Infection prevention and control:

Leadership:

Annex A: Strengthening progress monitoring

The PCAP committed PHAC to working with partners to "develop and implement an approach for monitoring and reporting on progress." Progress reporting supports continuous improvement and helps partners inform adjustments to activities over time. PCAP progress monitoring and reporting has, to-date, focused on summarizing the key activities advancing implementation. To bolster this process moving forward, a performance management approach has been developed that includes a logic model and proposed approach to measures of progress.

Logic model

The logic model, presented in Figure 1, illustrates the "cause and effect story" of the PCAP, including the desired pathways linking PCAP implementation outputs and their intended outcomes. The outputs and outcomes depicted in the logic model closely align to the PCAP's 10 priority actions and desired outcomes.

The logic model also includes an ultimate outcome: "The health of humans, animals, plants/crops and the environment are protected through comprehensive and coordinated actions that mitigate the threat of AMR and facilitate responsible antimicrobial use." This ultimate outcome builds on the vision for a pan-Canadian approach to combatting AMR endorsed by FPT Ministers of Health and Agriculture in 2017 Footnote 4 .

Horizontal connections across the logic model outputs and outcomes help visualize how the PCAP's priority actions are designed as a suite of mutually reinforcing activities that will collectively advance desired outcomes across One Health sectors. The outcomes further underscore that actions and progress monitoring is a joint One Health effort. The logic model is not intended to determine or measure causation/attribution of specific implementation actions to outcomes.

Figure 1. PCAP Logic Model

Figure1

Figure 1 – Text description
  • Ultimate outcome
    • The health of humans, animals, plants/crops and the environment is protected through comprehensive and coordinated actions that mitigate the threat of AMR and facilitate responsible antimicrobial use
  • Intermediate outcomes
    • Research and innovation
      • Improved and sustainable access to antimicrobials, diagnostics, and alternatives to antimicrobials
      • Expanded scientific knowledge base and tools that inform effective AMR/AMU interventions
    • Surveillance
      • Robust and integrated One Health AMR/AMU surveillance infrastructure that can detect emerging threats
      • Enhanced understanding of AMR/AMU trends that support evidence-based decision making
    • Stewardship
      • Enhanced stewardship resources, training, and tools help facilitate improved prudent and responsible prescribing and AMU in humans and animals
      • Improved public awareness of the importance of prudent and responsible antimicrobial use
    • Infection prevention and control
      • Enhanced infection prevention and control programs are in place across health sectors to prevent and control the spread of AMR
      • Improved animal health and food safety along the farms-to-fork continuum help prevent and limit the spread of infection and foodborne pathogens
  • Immediate outcomes
    • Research and innovation
      • Improved access to antimicrobials and a stimulated AMR innovation ecosystem
      • Improved coordination of research efforts
    • Surveillance
      • Improved robustness and integration of surveillance data across One Health sectors
      • Improved understanding of AMR/AMU trends in Canada
    • Stewardship
      • Improved access to stewardship tools and training for human and animal health
    • Infection prevention and control
      • Improved implementation of infection prevention measures in Canada to support human and animal health
  • Outputs
    • Research and innovation
      • Regulatory and/or economic incentives programs
      • National One Health AMR Research Strategy
    • Surveillance
      • Expanded surveillance data/sources and reports
      • Evidence-informed targets and goals
    • Stewardship
      • Stewardship guidelines/standards
      • Education and awareness tools and products
    • Infection prevention and control
      • IPC, biosecurity and food safety guidelines, protocols and/or best practices in human and animal health
  • Pillars
    • Research and innovation
    • Surveillance
    • Stewardship
    • Infection prevention and control
  • Leadership
    • Improved One Health AMR governance
    • Co-developed AMR actions
    • Increased contributions to global efforts

Measures of progress

The PCAP includes a commitment to establish measures of progress in the form of baselines (i.e., the reference indicator), goals and/or targets for AMR and AMU in Canada Footnote 5 . This work is in development, will be sector-specific, and will be incorporated in future progress reporting. It is expected that the logic model and measures of progress will together improve monitoring and understanding of the desired collective impact of PCAP activities.

While work is underway to develop domestic measures of progress, Canada regularly reports on AMR and AMU indicators through international surveillance reporting systems (GLASS, ANIMUSE, InFARM). These surveillance systems often align with indicators identified in international commitments such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

A snapshot of available global indicators is presented in Table 1 as a useful window into Canada's progress on AMR and AMU relative to other countries and to related global commitments, including those established in the 2024 Political Declaration of the HLM on AMR Footnote 6.

In 2024, the FAO launched their first year of data collection for a global database on AMR in bacteria from animals and food (InFARM). Canada participated in the piloting of the FAO's INFARM system and provided data for the recent first year of data collection. Indicators for reporting changes in AMR frequencies over time have yet to be developed for InFARM.

Table 1. Selected AMR and AMU indicators reported globally
Source Indicator Year Footnote 7 Canada profile Related global commitments
GLASS-AMU Footnote 8 Use of antibiotics by AWaRe classification (Relative use: Access, Watch, Reserve) (human health) 2022 Access: 73.2% Watch: 26.6% Reserve: 0.2% The 2024 Political Declaration included a commitment2 for countries to achieve at least 70% of overall human antibiotic use in the Access category
GLASS-AMR Footnote 9 (SDG Indicator 3.d.2) Proportion of bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to methicillin (%) (human health) 2022 21% There are no established targets for the two SDG indicators. However, BSIs associated with bacterial AMR contribute to global mortality. The 2024 Political Declaration included a commitment to reduce global deaths associated with bacterial AMR by 10% by 2030 against the 2019 baseline of 4.95 million deaths
GLASS-AMR Footnote 10 (SDG Indicator 3.d.2) Proportion of BSIs caused by Escherichia coli that are resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (%) (human health) 2022 23.4%
ANIMUSE Footnote 11 mg of antimicrobial agents / kg estimated animal biomass (food-producing animals) 2023 78.16 mg/kg biomassWOAH7 (CIPARS-VASR data reported to WOAH) 86 mg/kg biomass Footnote 12 (CIPARS-VASR) The 2024 Political Declaration included a commitment to meaningfully reduce, by 2030, the quantity of antimicrobials used globally in the agri-food system from the current level
Tracking AMR Country Self-Assessment Survey (TrACSS) Footnote 13 Country progress with development of a national action plan on AMR (Q.2.3) 2023 National AMR action plan approved by government and is being implemented The 2024 Political Declaration included a commitment to sustainable financing and budgeted activities for effective implementation of national action plans

Path forward

Moving forward, Canada will continue to report data on global AMR and AMU indicators and summarize Canada's progress in future reporting. Domestic indicators are in development and will supplement the global indicators with baselines, targets and goals Footnote 14 adapted to the Canadian context. This approach will help governments and partners inform, adjust and evaluate interventions over time. The PCAP's guiding principles (One Health, equity, collaboration, and momentum) will continue to inform Canada's strengthened approach to progress monitoring.

The logic model and indicators will remain flexible to new contexts and evidence.

Annex B: Additional Materials

Pillar 2 – Surveillance

Veterinary Antimicrobial Sales Highlights Report

CIPARS 2024 Stakeholder Webinar Integrated deck EN_FINAL.pdf (PDF)

Veterinary Antimicrobial Sales in Canada — Canada.ca

CIPARS Annual Webinar

CIPARS human surveillance component salmonella and campylobacter AMR – 2023 results (PDF)

CIPARS AMU and AMR surveillance Farmphotos.ca Poultry 2023 results (PDF)

CIPARS farm surveillance component: Dairy cattle (PDF)

Canadian feedlot antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance surveillance program (PDF)

CIPARS Farm Surveillance Component: Grower-Finisher Pigs (PDF)

Glossary

A&F
Audit and Feedback
AAFC
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
AHC
Animal Health Canada
AMR
Antimicrobial Resistance
AMRNet
Antimicrobial Resistance Network
AMU
Antimicrobial Use
AMS
Antimicrobial stewardship
ANIMUSE
ANImal antiMicrobial USE
AWaRe
Access, Watch, Reserve
AVC
Atlantic Veterinary College
BC
British Columbia
BCCDC
British Columbia Centre for Disease Control
CAHS
Canadian Academy of Health Sciences
CAHSS
Canadian Animal Health Surveillance System
CARB-X
Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Biopharmaceutical Accelerator
CARSS
Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Systems
CFIA
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
CIHR
Canadian Institute of Health Research
CIPARS
Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance
CLS
Congregate Living Settings
CNISP
Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program
COMBAT-AMR
Comprehensive Ontario Microbiology laboratory Administrative data for Antimicrobial Resistance
CPO
Carbapenemase-producing organisms
CVO
Chief Veterinary Officer
DFO
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
ECCC
Environment and Climate Change Canada
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization
FPT
Federal, Provincial and Territorial
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
GLASS
Global AMR and Use Surveillance System
GRDI
Genomics Research and Development Initiative
HC
Health Canada
HLM
High Level Meeting
IDRC
International Development Research Centre
InFARM
International FAO Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring
IPC
Infection Prevention and Control
ISC
Indigenous Services Canada
JPIAMR
Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance
LTCH
Long-Term Care Homes
MAPAQ
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
NLHS
Newfoundland Health Services
NML
National Microbiology Laboratory
NOHARS
National One Health AMR Research Strategy
NRC
National Research Council
OLIS
Ontario Laboratories Information System
PACE
Provincial Antimicrobial Clinical Expert committee
PCAP
Pan-Canadian Action Plan on AMR
PEI
Prince Edward Island
PHAC
Public Health Agency of Canada
PHO
Public Health Ontario
PTs
Provinces and Territories
SDGs
Sustainable Development Goals
SOARS
Strengthening Ontario Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance
SPP
Shared Priority Project
TATFAR
Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance
UPEI
University of Prince Edward Island
UNGA
United Nations General Assembly
UNGA-HLM
United Nations General Assembly High-Level Meeting
VASR
Veterinary Antimicrobial Sales Reporting
VHP
Veterinary Health Products
WAAW
World Antimicrobial Awareness Week
WOAH
World Organisation for Animal Health
WHO
World Health Organization

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2026-02-18