Appendix C: 2008 Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) annual report

**Table C.1. Distribution of Salmonella isolates from humans, by patient age and province; Surveillance of Human Clinical Isolates, 2008.**
Age (year)	Number (%) of isolates
Less than 5	302 (8)
5 to 12	283 (8)
13 to 17	136 (4)
18 to 29	546 (15)
30 to 49	654 (18)
50 to 69	451 (13)
70 and more	222 (6)
Not specified	1,007 (28)
Total	3,601 (100)

**Table C.1. Distribution of Salmonella isolates from humans, by patient age and province; Surveillance of Human Clinical Isolates**
Province	Number (%) of isolates
British Columbia	507 (14)
Alberta	428 (12)
Saskatchewan	184 (5)
Manitoba	248 (7)
Ontario	1,337 (37)
Québec	582 (16)
Nova Scotia	128 (4)
New Brunswick	107 (3)
Prince Edward Island	22 (1)
Newfoundland and Labrador	58 (2)
Yukon	0 (0)
Northwest Territories	0 (0)
Nunavut	0 (0)
Total	3,601 (100)

**Table C.2. Distribution of isolates of primary human Salmonella serovars from humans, by source; Surveillance of Human Clinical Isolates, 2008.**
Specimen source	Number (%) of isolates
Specimen source	Enteritidis	Heidelberg	Newport	Paratyphi A and B	Typhi	Typhimurium	Other Serovars	Total
Stool	1,058 (84)	208 (72)	147 (83)	23 (35)	41 (22)	400 (84)	921 (80)	2,798 (78)
Blood	33 (3)	34 (12)	7 (4)	35 (54)	140 (75)	16 (3)	49 (4)	314 (9)
Urine	21 (2)	6 (2)	11 (6)	1 (2)	1 (1)	11 (2)	78 (7)	129 (4)
Abscess	2 (< 1)	1 (< 1)						3 (1)
Anatomy part						1 (< 1)	1 (< 1)	2 (1)
Other body fluid							3 (< 1)	3 (1)
Unknown	144 (11)	41 (14)	12 (7)	6 (9)	4 (2)	46 (10)	99 (9)	352 (10)
Total	1,258 (100)	290 (100)	177 (100)	65 (100)	186 (100)	474 (100)	1,151 (100)	3,601 (100)

**Table C.3. Summary of antimicrobial susceptibility in the most common isolates of Salmonella serovars from humans and the agri-food sector; CIPARS, 2008.**
Species	Most common serovars
Species	Total (n)	Susceptible to antimicrobials	1 to 4 antimicrobials in resistance pattern	5 to 8 antimicrobials in resistance pattern	9 to 15 antimicrobials in resistance pattern
Surveillance of Human Clinical Isolates
Humans	n = 3,601 Enteritidis (1,258) Typhimurium (474) Heidelberg (290) Typhi (186) Newport (177) I4,[5],12:i:- (124)	n = 2,651 Enteritidis (1,076) Typhimurium (287) Heidelberg (179) Newport (168) I4,[5],12:i:- (76) Infantis (68)	n = 686 Enteritidis (175) Typhi (106) Heidelberg (70) Typhimurium (69) Hadar (59) Paratyphi A and B (47) I4,[5],12:i:- (35) Agona (15)	n = 244 Typhimurium (110) Heidelberg (40) Typhi (31) I4,[5],12:i:- (11) Kentucky (9) Enteritidis (7) Paratyphi B var. L(+) tartrate+ (7)	n = 20 Typhimurium (8) I4,[5],12:i:- (2) Newport (2) Agona (1) Heidelberg (1) Rough-O:i:1,2 (1) Kentucky (1) Paratyphi A and B (1) Reading (1) Saintpaul (1) Stanley (1)
Farm Surveillance
Pigs	n = 61 Typhimurium (20) Brandenburg (9) Bovismorbificans (7) Derby (7) Mbandaka (4) I4,[5],12:i:- (2) Infantis (2) London (2)	n = 23 Bovismorbificans (5) Typhimurium (5) Infantis (2) London (2) Mbandaka (2) I4,[5],12:i:- (1)	n = 24 Brandenburg (9) Derby (7) Typhimurium (4) Bovismorbificans (2) Mbandaka (2)	n = 14 Typhimurium (11) I4,[5],12:i:- (1)
Abattoir Surveillance
Chickens	n = 234 Kentucky (93) Enteritidis (45) Heidelberg (33) Hadar (13) Typhimurium (9) Mbandaka (5) Rissen (5)	n = 113 Enteritidis (45) Heidelberg (19) Kentucky (18) Mbandaka (5) Typhimurium (5) Montevideo (4)	n = 93 Kentucky (58) Hadar (13) Heidelberg (8) Rissen (4) IRough:i:z6 (3) Typhimurium (2)	n = 28 Kentucky (17) Heidelberg (6) Kiambu (2) Typhimurium (2) Infantis (1)
Pigs	n = 151 Typhimurium (48) Derby (33) Brandenburg (10) Infantis (8) Worthington (7) Uganda (6) Give (5) Ohio (5) Bovismorbificans (4) Mbandaka (4)	n = 55 Infantis (7) Uganda (6) Bovismorbificans (4) Brandenburg (4) Derby (4) Give (4) Mbandaka (4) California (3) London (3) Ohiovar.14+ (3) Typhimurium (3) Havana (2) Ohio (2)	n = 60 Derby (28) Typhimurium (13) Brandenburg (6) Worthington (6)	n = 36 Typhimurium (32) Ohio (2) Anatum (1) Derby (1)
Retail Meat Surveillance
Chicken	n = 382 Kentucky (120) Heidelberg (78) Enteritidis (62) Hadar (22) Thompson (17) Typhimurium (15) Kiambu (12) I4,[5],12:i:- (9) Schwarzengrund (9)	n = 202 Enteritidis (62) Heidelberg (49) Kentucky (21) Thompson (16) Typhimurium (10) I4,[5],12:i:- (7) Infantis (5)	n = 131 Kentucky (82) Hadar (20) Heidelberg (16) Schwarzengrund (5) Kiambu (3)	n = 49 Kentucky (17) Heidelberg (13) Kiambu (6) Typhimurium (4) I4,[5],12:i:- (2) Infantis (2) Agona (1) I4,[5],12:-:- (1) I8,20:-:z6 (1) IRough:r:1,2 (1) Thompson (1)
Pork	n = 36 Typhimurium (11) Derby (4) Heidelberg (3) Johannesburg (3) Kentucky (3) Agona (1) Berta (1) Enteritidis (1) Give (1) I4,[5],12:i:- (1) I40:-:enx (1) IRough:z10:- (1) Krefeld (1) London (1) Ohio (1) Schwarzengrund (1) Vi:Rough:-:- (1)	n = 11 Typhimurium (2) Berta (1) Derby (1) Enteritidis (1) Give (1) Heidelberg (1) I4,[5],12:i:- (1) IRough:z10:- (1) Krefeld (1) Ohio (1)	n = 19 Typhimurium (4) Derby (3) Johannesburg (3) Heidelberg (2) Kentucky (2) Agona (1) I40:-:enx (1) London (1) Schwarzengrund (1) Vi:Rough:-:- (1)	n = 6 Typhimurium (5) Kentucky (1)
Surveillance of Animal Clinical Isolates
Cattle	n = 134 Typhimurium (55) Kentucky (15) Cerro (13) I6,14,18:-:- (10) Heidelberg (9) Muenster (8) Enteritidis (4) Thompson (4)	n = 82 Kentucky (15) Cerro (13) Typhimurium (12) I6,14,18:-:- (10) Muenster (8) Thompson (4) Enteritidis (3) Heidelberg (3) Montevideo (2)	n = 14 Typhimurium (9) Heidelberg (3) Enteritidis (1) IRough:i:1,2 (1)	n = 34 Typhimurium (31) Heidelberg (3)	n = 4 Typhimurium (3) Agona (1)
Chickens	n = 209 Enteritidis (99) Kentucky (38) Heidelberg (31) Typhimurium (11) I4,[5],12:i:- (5)	n = 143 Enteritidis (99) Heidelberg (20) Typhimurium (6) Kentucky (4) I4,[5],12:i:- (3)	n = 31 Kentucky (15) Heidelberg (5) Thompson (4) Typhimurium (2) Hadar (1) IRough:r:1,2 (1) Mbandaka (1) Ouakam (1) Tennessee (1)	n = 31 Kentucky (19) Heidelberg (6) Typhimurium (3) I4,[5],12:i:- (2) I4,[5],12:-:1,2 (1)	n = 4 Bredeney (2) I4,[5],12:-:1,2 (1) Mbandaka (1)
Pigs	n = 158 Typhimurium (88) Derby (15) I4,[5],12:i:- (8) Brandenburg (7) Infantis (5) Enteritidis (4)	n = 45 Typhimurium (15) Brandenburg (7) Enteritidis (4) Infantis (3) Worthington (3) Cerro (2) I4,[5],12:i:- (2) Berta (1) Bovismorbificans (1) California (1) Derby (1) Krefeld (1) Mbandaka (1) Ohio (1) Senftenberg (1) Thompson (1)	n = 52 Typhimurium (21) Derby (14) Heidelberg (2) I4,[5],12:i:- (2) Orion (2) Rissen (2)	n = 60 Typhimurium (52) I4,[5],12:i:- (4)	n = 1 Infantis (1)
Turkeys	n = 32 Typhimurium (7) Agona (4) Hadar (4) Heidelberg (4) Bredeney (3) Senftenberg (3) Anatum (1) Give (1) I4,[5],12:-:- (1) Manhattan (1) Montevideo (1) Ouakam (1) Saintpaul (1)	n = 3 Give (1) Manhattan (1) Saintpaul (1)	n = 10 Hadar (4) Heidelberg (4) Anatum (1) Ouakam (1)	n = 14 Typhimurium (7) Agona (4) I4,[5],12:-:- (1) Montevideo (1) Senftenberg (1)	n = 5 Bredeney (3) Senftenberg (2)
Horses	n = 62 Heidelberg (26) Newport (8) Typhimurium (7) Litchfield (5) Thompson (5) Oranienburg (4) Agona (2)	n = 28 Newport (8) Typhimurium (7) Thompson (5) Oranienburg (4) Bovismorbificans (1) Braenderup (1) Cerro (1) Rubislaw (1)	n = 2 Agona (2)	n = 31 Heidelberg (25) Litchfield (5) Kiambu (1)	n = 1 Heidelberg (1)
Most common serovars were those representing 2% or more of the isolates within each surveillance component and animal species. For the purpose of this table, S. Typhimurium var. 5- results were combined with S. Typhimurium results to harmonize serovar classification with that of the National Microbiology Laboratory.

**Table C.4. Summary of selected resistance patterns involving multiple antimicrobials in bacterial isolates from humans and the agri-food sector; CIPARS, 2008.**
Species	Bacterial species	Number (%) of isolates / Serovar total Number (%) of isolates / Salmonella total
Species	Bacterial species	Susceptible to all antimicrobials	Resistant to A2C-AMP	ACSSuT	AKSSuT	ACKSSuT	A2C-ACSSuT	A2C-AKSSuT	A2C-ACKSSuT
Surveillance of Human Clinical Isolates
Humans	Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 1,258)	1,076/1,258 (86%) 1,076/3,601 (30%)	2/1,258 (< 1%) 2/3,601 (< 1%)		1/1,258 (< 1%) 1/3,601 (< 1%)
	Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 290)	179/290 (62%) 179/3,601 (5%)	37/290 (13%) 37/3,601 (1%)						1/290 (< 1%) 1/3,601 (< 1%)
	Salmonella Newport (n = 177)	168/177 (95%) 168/3,601 (5%)		1/177 (< 1%) 1/3,601 (< 1%)	1/177 (< 1%) 1/3,601 (< 1%)		2/177 (1%) 2/3,601 (< 1%)
	Salmonella Paratyphi A and B (n = 65)	15/65 (23%) 15/3,601 (< 1%)		2/65 (3%) 2/3,601 (< 1%)					1/65 (2%) 1/3,601 (< 1%)
	Salmonella Typhi (n = 186)	49/186 (26%) 49/3,601 (1%)		7/186 (4%) 7/3,601 (< 1%)
	Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 474)	287/474 (61%) 287/3,601 (8%)	3/474 (< 1%) 3/3,601 (< 1%)	69/474 (15%) 69/3,601 (2%)	11/474 (2%) 11/3,601 (< 1%)	21/474 (4%) 21/3,601 (< 1%)	6/474 (1%) 6/3,601 (< 1%)	1/474 (< 1%) 1/3,601 (< 1%)
	Other Serovars (n = 1,151)	877/1,151 (76%) 877/3,601 (24%)	12/1,151 (1%) 12/3,601 (< 1%)	14/1,151 (1%) 14/3,601 (< 1%)	1/1,151 (< 1%) 1/3,601 (< 1%)	2/1,151 (< 1%) 2/3,601 (< 1%)	5/1,151 (< 1%) 5/3,601 (< 1%)		1/1,151 (< 1%) 1/3,601 (< 1%)
Farm Surveillance
Pigs	Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 1)	1/1 (100%) 1/61 (2%)
	Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 20)	5/20 (25%) 5/61 (8%)		3/20 (15%) 3/61 (5%)		8/20 (40%) 8/61 (13%)
	Salmonella Other Serovars (n = 40)	17/40 (43%) 17/61 (28%)		1/40 (3%) 1/61 (2%)	1/40 (3%) 1/61 (2%)	1/40 (3%) 1/61 (2%)
	Escherichia coli (n = 1,425)	194/1,425 (14%)		29/1,425 (2%)	34/1,425 (2%)	10/1,425 (< 1%)		2/1,425 (< 1%)
Abattoir Surveillance
Beef cattle	Escherichia coli (n = 176)	107/176 (61%)
Chickens	Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 45)	45/45 (100%) 45/234 (19%)
	Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 33)	19/33 (58%) 19/234 (8%)	6/33 (18%) 6/234 (3%)
	Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 9)	5/9 (56%) 5/234 (2%)	1/9 (11%) 1/234 (< 1%)	1/9 (11%) 1/234 (< 1%)
	Salmonella Other Serovars (n = 147)	44/147 (30%)	18/147 (12%)
	Escherichia coli (n = 170)	44/234 (19%) 39/170 (23%)	18/234 (8%) 31/170 (18%)	1/170 (< 1%)	5/170 (3%)		2/170 (1%)		1/170 (< 1%)
Pigs	Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 1)	1/1 (100%)
	Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 48)	1/151 (< 1%) 3/48 (6%) 3/151 (2%)		21/48 (44%) 21/151 (14%)		11/48 (23%) 11/151 (7%)
	Salmonella Other Serovars (n = 102)	51/102 (50%) 51/151 (34%)	1/102 (< 1%) 1/151 (< 1%)	2/102 (2%) 2/151 (1%)
	Escherichia coli (n = 150)	17/150 (11%)		2/150 (1%)	9/150 (6%)	3/150 (2%)
Retail Meat Surveillance
Beef	Escherichia coli (n = 572)	444/572 (78%)	6/572 (1%)	2/572 (< 1%)	2/572 (< 1%)			1/572 (< 1%)
Chicken	Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 62)	62/62 (100%) 62/382 (16%)
	Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 78)	49/78 (63%) 49/382 (13%)	13/78 (17%) 13/382 (3%)
	Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 15)	10/15 (67%) 10/382 (3%)	2/15 (13%) 2/382 (< 1%)	2/15 (13%) 2/382 (< 1%)
	Salmonella Other Serovars (n = 227)	81/227 (36%) 81/382 (21%)	28/227 (12%) 28/382 (7%)
	Escherichia coli (n = 479)	143/479 (30%)	99/479 (21%)	3/479 (< 1%)	3/479 (< 1%)		12/479 (3%)	5/479 (1%)	2/479 (< 1%)
Pork	Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 1)	1/1 (100%) 1/36 (3%)
	Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 3)	1/3 (33%)
	Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 11)	1/36 (3%) 2/11 (18%) 2/36 (6%)		3/11 (27%) 3/36 (8%)
	Salmonella Other Serovars (n = 21)	7/21 (33%) 7/36 (19%)	1/21 (5%) 1/36 (3%)
	Escherichia coli (n = 317)	183/317 (58%)	8/317 (3%)	3/317 (< 1%)	1/317 (< 1%)	1/317 (< 1%)	1/317 (< 1%)
Surveillance of Animal Clinical Isolates
Cattle	Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 4)	3/4 (75%) 3/134 (2%)
	Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 9)	3/9 (33%) 3/134 (2%)	2/9 (22%) 2/134 (1%)
	Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 55)	12/55 (22%) 12/134 (9%)		9/55 (16%) 9/134 (7%)	5/55 (9%) 5/134 (4%)	17/55 (31%) 17/134 (13%)			3/55 (5%) 3/134 (2%)
	Salmonella Other Serovars (n = 66)	64/66 (97%) 64/134 (48%)					1/66 (2%) 1/134 (< 1%)
Chickens	Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 99)	99/99 (100%) 99/209 (47%)
	Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 31)	20/31 (65%) 20/209 (10%)	6/31 (19%) 6/209 (3%)
	Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 11)	6/11 (55%)	1/11 (9%)	2/11 (18%)
	Salmonella Other Serovars (n = 68)	6/209 (3%) 18/68 (26%) 18/209 (9%)	1/209 (< 1%) 21/68 (31%) 21/209 (10%)	2/209 (< 1%)			1/68 (1%) 1/209 (< 1%)	2/68 (3%) 2/209 (< 1%)	1/68 (1%) 1/209 (< 1%)
Pigs	Salmonella Enteritidis (n = 4)	4/4 (100%) 4/158 (3%)
	Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 2)
	Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 88)	15/88 (17%) 15/158 (9%)		35/88 (40%) 35/158 (22%)	2/88 (2%) 2/158 (1%)	12/88 (14%) 12/158 (8%)
	Salmonella Other Serovars (n = 64)	26/64 (41%) 26/158 (16%)	1/64 (2%) 1/158 (< 1%)	1/64 (2%) 1/158 (< 1%)		4/64 (6%) 4/158 (3%)			1/64 (2%) 1/158 (< 1%)
Turkeys	Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 4)
	Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 7)		7/7 (100%) 7/32 (22%)
	Salmonella Other Serovars (n = 21)	3/21 (14%) 3/32 (9%)	8/21 (38%) 8/32 (25%)				1/21 (5%) 1/32 (3%)	2/21 (10%) 2/32 (6%)
Horses	Salmonella Heidelberg (n = 26)		1/26 (4%) 1/62 (2%)
	Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 7)	7/7 (100%) 7/62 (11%)
	Salmonella Other Serovars (n = 29)	21/29 (72%) 21/62 (34%)	6/29 (21%) 6/62 (10%)
Results for each of the above specific patterns exclude isolates resistant to one of the other patterns presented in this table but may include isolates resistant to other antimicrobials. Blank cells represent values equal to zero (0%). For the purpose of this table, S. Typhimurium var. 5- results were combined with S. Typhimurium results to harmonize serovar classification with that of the National Microbiology Laboratory.

**Table C.5. Bacterial recovery rates of samples collected through the CIPARS agri-food components, 2002-2008.**
CIPARS Component/ Animal species	Province	Year	Percentage (%) of isolates recovered and number of isolates recovered/number of samples submitted
CIPARS Component/ Animal species	Province	Year	Escherichia coli		Salmonella		Campylobacter		Enterococcus
Farm Surveillance
Pigs		2006	99%	459/462	20%	94/462			81%	374/462
		2007	100%	612/612	21%	136/612			81%	495/612
		2008	99%	481/486	13%	61/486			92%	448/486
Abattoir Surveillance
Beef cattle		2002	97%	76/78	1%	3/78
		2003	97%	155/159	< 1 %	1/114
		2004	98%	167/170
		2005	97%	122/126			66%	23/35
		2006	100%	150/150			36%	31/87
		2007	99%	188/190			39%	75/190
		2008	97%	176/182			71%^{Footnote b}	129/182
Chickens		2002	100%	40/40	13%	25/195
		2003	97%	150/153	16%	126/803
		2004	99%	130/131	16%	142/893
		2005	99%	218/220	18%	200/1,103
		2006	100%	166/166	23%	187/824
		2007	99%	180/181	25%	204/808
		2008	99%	170/171	28%	234/851
Pigs		2002	97%	38/39	27%	103/385
		2003	98%	153/155	28%	395/1,393
		2004	99%	142/143	38%	270/703
		2005	99%	163/164	42%	212/486
		2006	98%	115/117	40%	145/359
		2007	98%	93/95	36%	105/296
		2008	100%	150/150	44%	151/340
Retail Meat Surveillance
Beef	British Columbia	2005	93%	27/29
		2007	79%	49/62
		2008	77%	88/115
	Saskatchewan	2005	79%	120/151
		2006	76%	123/161
		2007	78%	118/151
		2008	76%	134/177
	Ontario	2003	66%	101/154	2%	2/84	3%	2/76	91%	69/76
		2004	80%	190/237
		2005	81%	184/227
		2006	81%	189/235
		2007	71%	184/227
		2008	78%	185/236
	Québec	2003	57%	84/147	0%	0/33	0%	0/33	80%	28/35
		2004	56%	137/245
		2005	56%	126/225
		2006	50%	109/215
		2007	68%	147/216
		2008	59%	126/214
	Maritimes	2004	67%	16/24
		2007	52%	16/31
		2008	70%	39/56
Chicken	British Columbia	2005	95%	19/20	13%	5/39	69%	27/39	100%	20/20
		2007	98%	42/43	22%^{Footnote a}	18/81	35%	28/80	100%	34/34
		2008	90%	70/78	32%	47/145	34%	50/145	100%	78/78
	Saskatchewan	2005	98%	81/83	14%	21/153	37%	53/145	98%	83/85
		2006	98%	85/86	16%	25/153	33%	51/155	98%	85/87
		2007	97%	75/77	31%^{Footnote a}	43/141	35%	49/141	100%	77/77
		2008	99%	91/92	40%	64/161	25%	41/161	100%	92/92
	Ontario	2003	95%	137/144	16%	27/167	47%	78/166	99%	143/144
		2004	95%	150/158	17%	54/315	45%	143/315	100%	158/158
		2005	95%	145/153	9%	26/303	40%	120/303	99%	150/152
		2006	97%	152/156	12%	36/311	34%	104/311	98%	154/156
		2007	98%	157/161	54%^{Footnote a}	172/320	37%	117/320	100%	161/161
		2008	96%	150/156	45%	139/311	39%	121/311	99%	154/156
	Québec	2003	89%	112/126	16%	29/171	55%	94/170	100%	125/125
		2004	96%	157/161	17%	53/320	50%	161/322	100%	161/161
		2005	95%	142/149	9%	26/300	34%	103/299	100%	150/150
		2006	94%	135/144	12%	33/288	35%	100/288	100%	144/144
		2007	90%	129/144	40% ^{Footnote a}	113/287	21%	59/287	99%	143/144
		2008	91%	131/144	42%	120/287	19%	54/287	100%	144/144
	Maritimes	2004	100%	13/13	4%	1/25	40%	10/25	100%	13/13
		2007	91%	29/32	22% ^{Footnote a}	7/32
		2008	68%	38/56	22%	12/56
Retail Meat Surveillance
Pork	British Columbia	2005	31%	10/32
		2007	29%	23/79	1%	1/79
		2008	30%	44/148	2%	3/148
	Saskatchewan	2005	30%	48/162
		2006	30%	49/165	2%	3/134
		2007	25%	38/154	2%	3/154
		2008	23%	41/176	1%	1/176
	Ontario	2003	58%	90/154	1%	1/93	0%	0/76	87%	66/76
		2004	71%	198/279
		2005	59%	179/303
		2006	59%	182/311	< 1%	1/255
		2007	54%	172/320	2%	6/319
		2008	50%	155/312	2%	7/310
	Québec	2003	42%	61/147	3%	1/32	9%	3/32	82%	28/34
		2004	38%	109/290
		2005	26%	79/300
		2006	20%	57/287	0%	0/232
		2007	22%	64/287	1%	3/288
		2008	21%	60/287	2%	5/286
	Maritimes	2004	58%	14/24
		2007	39%	13/31	3%	1/30
		2008	30%	17/56	30%	17/56
Results in the grey-shaded areas indicate isolates that were recovered but not submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. No human data are available for Salmonella isolates because no recovery information on samples was provided to CIPARS. The Maritimes region includes New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. Footnote a Enhancement to the Salmonella recovery method yielded higher recovery rates from retail chicken in 2007 than in prior years. Return to footnote a referrer Footnote b Implementation of a new Campylobacter recovery method in 2008 in abattoir beef cattle isolates. Return to footnote b referrer

**Table C.6. Distribution of Salmonella isolates across provinces; Surveillance of Animal Clinical Isolates, 2008.**
Species	British Columbia	Alberta	Saskatchewan	Manitoba	Ontario	Québec	Prince Edward Island	New Brunswick	Nova Scotia	Newfoundland and Labrador
Species	Number (%) of isolates
Cattle (n = 134)	5 (4)	3 (2)	6 (4)	2 (1)	87 (65)	30 (22)		1 (1)
Chickens (n = 209)	35 (17)	23 (11)	10 (5)	9 (4)	106 (51)	18 (9)			4 (2)	4 (2)
Pigs (n = 158)	5 (3)		6 (4)	9 (6)	46 (29)	87 (55)	1 (1)	3 (2)	1 (1)
Turkeys (n = 32)	1 (3)				20 (63)	11 (34)
Horses (n = 62)	3 (5)			1 (2)	51 (82)	6 (10)		1 (2)

**Table C.7. Total volume of active ingredients of oral antimicrobials dispensed by retail pharmacies in Canada, 2000-2008.**
ATC Class			Total amount of active ingredients (kg)
ATC Class			2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
I	J01CR	Combinations of penicillins, including ß-lactamase inhibitors	7,148.28	7,295.71	7,114.06	7,492.67	7,491.56	8,414.31	8,985.63	9,798.46	10,591.00
	J01DD	Third-generation cephalosporins	441.47	412.56	372.50	321.45	275.37	282.37	274.85	303.36	322.24
	J01MA	Fluoroquinolones	17,387.35	17,569.37	17,718.15	18,469.28	18,738.69	18,781.31	19,348.84	19,788.30	19,949.11
	J01XA	Glycopeptides	25.90	28.25	32.23	40.56	70.36	79.17	75.77	83.99	85.62
	J01XD	Imidazole	NA	4,808.34	4,927.11	5,126.54	5,237.51	5,311.07	5,563.98	5,585.72	5,793.70
	J01XX	Linezolid	NA	1.55	4.91	10.82	17.29	23.26	22.44	25.35	26.49
II	J01CA	Penicillins with extended spectrum	57,566.37	56,004.37	53,404.23	53,132.75	51,471.46	53,138.73	53,534.56	53,440.34	54,564.33
	J01CE	ß-lactamase sensitive penicillins	15,079.86	14,253.92	13,722.26	13,802.13	12,916.80	13,174.53	13,139.62	12,879.95	12,390.47
	J01CF	ß-lactamase resistant penicillins	8,351.00	8,004.27	7,376.34	7,135.18	6,596.38	5,861.06	5,604.86	5,157.50	4,780.47
	J01DB	First-generation cephalosporins	16,693.30	17,295.99	18,358.43	19,683.24	20,312.94	21,585.02	22,981.10	23,345.75	24,064.50
	J01DC	Second-generation cephalosporins	11,099.40	9,857.59	8,712.26	8,570.41	8,277.23	8,410.81	7,937.42	7,423.47	7,223.45
	J01EE	Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, including derivatives	26,196.41	23,815.65	21,549.97	20,179.30	19,226.17	18,858.59	18,520.09	18,079.24	18,166.55
	J01FA	Macrolides	25,163.98	23,844.04	21,665.44	22,138.28	21,168.11	22,746.49	22,646.85	22,513.36	22,793.59
	J01FF	Lincosamides	3,289.35	3,590.12	3,896.00	4,272.26	4,441.95	4,499.59	4,976.71	5,303.12	5,562.18
	J01GB	Aminoglycosides	29.66	0.36	0.04	< 0.01	0.01	NA	0.05	0.20	0.19
	J01MB	Other quinolones, excluding fluoroquinolones	76.31	62.19	52.12	45.35	41.87	1.05	0.26	0.02	NA
	J01RA	Sulfonamide combinations, excluding trimethoprim	2,745.17	1,910.05	1,251.28	843.14	548.87	494.05	418.86	305.33	103.26
	J01XC	Steroid antimicrobials	34.79	39.06	35.54	37.27	36.64	41.91	42.73	34.21	29.14
III	J01AA	Tetracyclines	14,112.37	13,169.24	12,595.12	11,902.77	11,050.90	10,709.61	10,298.35	9,664.96	9,400.65
	J01BA	Amphenicols	0.78	0.99	0.20	NA	0.06	0.01	NA	NA	NA
	J01EA	Trimethoprim, including derivatives	315.71	297.29	310.34	307.34	288.32	265.98	265.88	260.48	242.85
	J01EB	Short-acting sulfonamides	105.38	13.45	0.88	1.04	1.02	0.26	0.13	0.03	0.03
	J01EC	Intermediate-acting sulfonamides	28.08	4.48	4.77	5.55	4.51	2.93	2.27	2.36	1.34
	J01XE	Nitrofuran derivatives	935.24	981.97	1,019.51	1,073.19	1,152.40	1,210.89	1,323.77	1,387.68	1,502.39
	J01XX	Fosfomycin	64.76	74.26	48.00	35.71	26.28	20.78	17.80	11.01	1.99
NC	J01XX	Methenamine	389.51	356.69	350.35	296.88	282.20	253.34	249.14	256.85	157.83
	J01	Total	207,280.44	203,691.77	194,522.04	194,923.13	189,674.87	194,167.12	196,231.93	195,651.06	197,753.38
Roman numerals I to III indicate the ranking of antimicrobials based on importance in human medicine as outlined by the Veterinary Drugs Directorate. NA = Not available. NC = Not classified.

**Table C.8. Population demographics and availability of health care in Canada.**
Province	Post-censal population estimates 2007 ^{Footnote a}	Post-censal population estimates 2008^{Footnote a}	Percentage (%) change in 2008	Population density/km ² (2008)^{Footnote b}
British Columbia	4,309,500	4,383,800	1.7	4.74
Alberta	3,513,100	3,595,900	2.4	5.60
Saskatchewan	1,000,100	1,013,600	1.3	1.71
Manitoba	1,193,900	1,206,100	1	2.18
Ontario	12,794,700	12,936,300	1.1	14.10
Québec	7,687,100	7,753,500	0.9	5.68
New Brunswick	745,600	747,100	0.2	10.47
Nova Scotia	935,900	936,600	0.1	17.56
Prince Edward Island	138,100	139,500	1	24.65
Newfoundland and Labrador	506,500	506,400	-0.2	1.35
Yukon	32,600	33,200	1.8	0.07
Northwest Territories	43,500	43,700	0.5	0.04
Nunavut	31,300	31,600	1	0.02
Canada	32,932,000	33,327,300	1.2	3.66
Footnote a Statistics Canada. Population by year, by province and territory. Accessed February 2010. Return to footnote a referrer Footnote b Population density per square kilometre in 2007 was calculated on the basis of the population in 2007 and the land area in square kilometres reported by Statistics Canada. Accessed February 2010. Return to footnote 1 referrer

**Table C.9. Characteristics, production, and per-capita consumption of Canadian livestock.**
Farmed animal species	Number of farms in 2006	Number of animals Jan. 1, 2007	Number of animals Jan. 1, 2008	Percentage change in 2008^{Footnote a}	Product produced in 2008^{Footnote b} (metric tonnes)	Per-capita consumption in 2008^{Footnote c},^{Footnote d}
Cattle	109,901^{Footnote e}	14,155,000^{Footnote f}	13,895,000^{Footnote f}	-1.84	1,251,110^{Footnote f}	Beef = 29.34 kg
Beef cows	83,000	5,020,100	4,981,900	-0.76	Calves = 36,960	Veal = 0.99 kg
Dairy cows	17,515	994,800	984,300	-1.06		Fluid milk = 81.96 L
Heifers (≤ 1 year old)	72,929					Cream = 8.53 L
Heifers for beef replacement	45,407	587,100	595,000	1.35		Cheese = 12.33 kg
Heifers for dairy replacement	16,585	480,100	471,100	-1.87
Heifers for slaughter or feeding	23,998	963,500	982,900	2.01
Steers (≤ 1 year old)	36,695	1,145,200	1,101,600	-3.81
Calves (< 1 year old)	98,107	4,719,600	4,531,400	-3.99
Bulls (≤ 1 year old)	71,958	244,600	246,800	0.90
Swine	11,497^{Footnote g}	14,907,000^{Footnote h}	13,810,000^{Footnote h}	-7.36	1,940,980^{Footnote h}	Pork = 23.51 kg
Sows and bred gilts	5,831	1,545,800	1,482,500	-4.09
Boars	5,133	33,300	29,700	-10.81
Nursing and weaner pigs	5,560
Grower and finishing pigs	8,937
Pigs < 20 kg		4,545,100	4,471,900	-1.61
Pigs 20-60 kg		4,531,700	3,962,000	-12.57
Pigs > 60 kg		4,251,100	3,863,900	-9.11
Poultry		662,098,000^{Footnote i}	663,130,000^{Footnote i}	0.16	1,220,496^{Footnote i}	Poultry = 38.08 kg Eggs = 9.93 kg
Hens and chickens	22,712^{Footnote j}	640,342,000	640,281,000	-0.01	Chicken = 1,040,577	Chicken = 31.66 kg
Broilers, roasters, and cornish hens	8,831					Stewing hens = 1.69 kg
Turkeys	3,174	21,756,000	22,849,000	5.02	Turkey = 179,919	Turkey = 4.72 kg
Sheep	11,031^{Footnote k}	879,100^{Footnote l}	825,300^{Footnote l}	-6.12	15,820^{Footnote l}	Lamb and mutton = 1.15 kg
Ewes	10,309	558,100	532,500	-4.59
Rams	8,175	26,000	24,200	-6.92
Lambs	9,117
Replacement lambs		88,200	81,800	-7.26
Market lambs		206,800	186,800	-9.67
Fish						Fish= 9.48 kg
Salmon					Salmon = 104,070	Fresh and frozen fish and seafood = 4.91 kg
Trout					Trout = 5,843	Processed fish and seafood = 2.93 kg
Finfish					Finfish = 1,177
Shellfish					Shellfish = 30,715	Shellfish = 1.12 kg
Statistics from the 2006 CIPARS report are slightly different than those reported here. These changes were made to reflect updates in the 2007 Census of Agriculture report. Tabe C.9. Footnotes Footnote a Percentage change was calculated as ([2008 value - 2007 value] / 2007 value) X 100. Return to footnote a referrer Footnote b Total cold dressed weight, not including edible offal. Return to footnote b referrer Footnote c Statistics Canada. Food Statistics 2009. Cat. No. 21-020-XIE. (PDF document) Accessed November 2010. Return to footnote c referrer Footnote d Food available for consumption (eviscerated). Return to footnote d referrer Footnote e Statistics Canada. Agriculture overview, Canada and the provinces - cattle and calves on Census Day, 2006 and 2001. Accessed March 2009. Return to footnote e referrer Footnote f Statistics Canada. Cattle Statistics 2010. Cat. No.23-012-XIE, Vol 6, No.2. (PDF document). Accessed November 2010. Return to footnote f referrer Footnote g Statistics Canada. Agriculture overview, Canada and the provinces - pigs on Census Day, 2006 and 2001. Accessed March 2009. Return to footnote g referrer Footnote h Statistics Canada. Hog Statistics Third quarter 2010. Cat. No. 23-010-XIE, Vol. 6, No. 3. (PDF document). Accessed November 2010. Return to footnote h referrer Footnote i Statistics Canada. Poultry and Egg Statistics April to June 2010. Cat. No. 23-015-XIE, Vol. 4, No. 2. (PDF document). Accessed November 2010. (PDF document) Return to footnote i referrer Footnote j Statistics Statistics Canada. Agriculture overview, Canada and the provinces - poultry inventory on Census Day, 2006 and 2001.. Accessed March 2009 Return to footnote j referrer Footnote k Statistics Canada. Agriculture overview, Canada and the provinces - sheep and lambs on Census Day, 2006 and 2001.. Accessed March 2009. Return to footnote k referrer Footnote l Statistics Canada. Sheep Statistics 2010. Cat. No. 23-011-XI. (PDF document). Accessed November 2010 Return to footnote l referrer Footnote m Statistics Canada. Aquaculture Statistics 2009. Cat. No. 23-222-X. (PDF document). Accessed November 2010. Return to footnote m referrer Statistics from the 2006 CIPARS report are slightly different than those reported here. These changes were made to reflect updates in the 2007 Census of Agriculture report.

**Table C.10. Number of births, slaughtered animals, international imports and exports, and farm deaths of Canadian cattle, pigs, and sheep.**
	Cattle^{Table C.10 - Footnote a}	Swine ^{Table C.10 - Footnote b}	Sheep^{Table C.10 - Footnote c}
Births	5,299,900	34,084,300	807,200
Slaughters^{Table C.10 - Footnote d}	3,843,900	21,693,400	739,200
Percentage (%) change in slaughters in 2008^{Table C.10 - Footnote e}	36.24	2.01	-1.81
International imports	48,300	2,500	39,200
Percentage (%) change in imports in 2008^{Table C.10 - Footnote e}	-9.55	56.25	49.62
International exports	1614,300	9,316,300	0.00
Percentage (%) change in exports in 2008^{Table C.10 - Footnote e}	14.37	-7.13	-100.00
Deaths and condemnations	605,000	1,651,400	124,300
Percentage (%) change in deaths and condemnations in 2008^{Table C.10 - Footnote e}	-2.69	30.73	-4.82
Table C.10. Footnotes Footnote a Cattle Statistics 2009. Cat. No.23-012-X, Vol. 8, No. 1. (PDF document). Accessed November 2010. Return to footnote a referrer Footnote b Statistics Canada. Hog Statistics - Four quarter 2009. Cat. No. 23-010-X, Vol. 8, No. 1. (PDF document). Accessed November 2010. Return to footnote b referrer Footnote c Statistics Canada. Sheep Statistics 2010. Cat. No. 23-011-X, Vol. 9, No. 2. (PDF document). Accessed November 2010. Return to footnote c referrer Footnote d For swine data: represents slaughter but may include pigs destined for export (varies by province). Return to footnote d referrer Footnote e Percentage change was calculated as ([2008 value - 2007 value]/2007 value) X 100. Return to footnote e referrer

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Appendix C: 2008 Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) annual report – Tables and Figures

Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS)

Appendix C - Additional Tables and Figures

Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial Use

Humans

Demographics and Health

Humans

Agri-Food

Tabe C.9. Footnotes

Table C.10. Footnotes

Page details

Disease or agent	Number of breeding herds	Negative Status	Positive Status
Salmonella	34	24	10
Escherichia coli	46	6	40
Haemophilus parasuis	41	7	34
Erysipelas	47	6	41
A. pleuropneumoniae	49	40	9
Mycoplasma	51	25	26
Lawsonia	41	6	35
Streptococcus suis	42	1	41
Swine Influenza Virus	44	21	23
PCVAD	50	1	49
PRRS	50	16	34

Disease or agent	Number of grower-finisher herds	Negative Status	Positive Status
Rhinitis	83	69	14
Salmonella	72	46	26
Escherichia coli	75	33	42
Haemophilus parasuis	85	15	70
Erysipelas	84	34	50
A. pleuropneumoniae	87	72	15
Mycoplasma	94	37	57
Lawsonia	89	20	69
Streptococcus suis	86	11	75
Swine Influenza Virus	89	40	49
PCVAD	95	6	89
PRRS	91	38	53