Producers and Packagers of Wine
Excise Duty Memorandum EDM4-1-1
June 2022
Notice to the reader
100% Canadian wine made from honey or apples is not subject to excise duty. For information, refer to Excise Duty Notice EDN77, Excise Duty Exemption for 100% Canadian Wine Made from Honey or Apples.
This version replaces the one dated June 2014. This memorandum has been revised as a result of amendments to the Excise Act, 2001.
The Excise Act, 2001 requires a person to obtain a wine licence in order to produce or package wine. This memorandum provides an overview of the obligations and entitlements of a wine licensee.
Except as otherwise noted, all statutory references in this publication are to the provisions of the Excise Act, 2001. The information in this publication does not replace the law found in the Act and its regulations.
If this information does not completely address your particular situation, you may wish to refer to the Act or relevant regulation, or contact any Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) regional excise office for additional information. These offices are listed at Contact Information – Excise and Specialty Tax Directorate.
Table of Contents
- Definitions
- Obtaining a wine licence
- Obtaining other licence types
- Determining the volume and absolute ethyl alcohol content of wine
- Possession and transportation of wine
- Information to be displayed on containers – Labelling
- Excise duty rates
- Imposition and responsibility of excise duty
- Removals for consignment sales by a small wine licensee
- Excise duty exemption for small producers of wine
- Bulk wine taken for analysis or destroyed in an approved manner
- Maintaining books and records
- Returns and payments
- Claiming refunds
- Enforcement
Definitions
1. The following terms are used in this memorandum, as per section 2:
Bottle-your-own premises are premises authorized under provincial legislation to supply alcohol (that is, wine and spirits) from a marked special container for packaging by a purchaser. The excise duty has been paid on all marked special containers in these bottle-your-own premises.
A marked special container of wine is a container of a capacity greater than 100 litres that is marked in the prescribed form and manner to indicate it is intended for delivery to and for use at bottle-your-own premises. Refer to Excise Duty Memorandum EDM4-2-3, Labelling of Containers of Wine, for additional information.
Non-duty-paid packaged wine is wine that is packaged in accordance with the Act and on which the excise duty has been imposed but has not been paid.
Packaged wine means wine in a container with a capacity of not more than 100 litres, which is ordinarily sold to consumers without being repackaged into smaller containers. Packaged wine also includes marked special containers of wine.
Personal use, in relation to the use of wine, means that the wine is produced by an individual and is used by that individual or by others at the individual’s expense. It does not include the sale or other commercial use of the wine.
To produce wine means to bring it into existence by fermentation. The person who initiates the fermentation process will be the producer of the wine. For excise duty purposes, wine is produced when it has completed initial fermentation. At that time, wine licensees must determine the volume of the wine produced using approved instruments. The total quantity must be reported on page 3 of Form B265, Excise Duty Return – Wine Licensee, under the section “Additions to bulk wine inventory”, on the line “Wine produced”.
Take for use, in respect of alcohol, means to consume, analyze or destroy alcohol or to use alcohol for any purpose that results in a product other than alcohol.
Wine means:
- a beverage, containing more than 0.5% absolute ethyl alcohol by volume, that is produced without distillation (except distillation to reduce the absolute ethyl alcohol content) by fermentation of one of the following:
- non-grain agricultural product
- non-grain plant or plant product that is not an agricultural product
- a product wholly or partially derived from a non-grain agricultural product, or plant or plant product
- sake
- a beverage described above that is fortified to not more than 22.9% absolute ethyl alcohol by volume
A wine licensee is a person who holds a wine licence under section 14.
Obtaining a wine licence
Requirement
2. Subsection 62(1) prohibits a person from producing or packaging wine unless they have a wine licence. A person must apply for, and obtain, a wine licence under subsection 14(1), in order to produce or package wine in Canada.
3. With the licence, a wine licensee is also allowed to possess, transport, import and export bulk wine (for which they are responsible), as stated in paragraph 70(2)(b), subsection 75(2) and paragraph 76(a).
4. A person is not entitled to a wine licence solely because they are deemed to have packaged wine by marking a special container, as stated in subsection 14(2). Refer to Excise Duty Memorandum EDM4-8-1, Special Containers of Wine, for additional information.
5. Instructions and requirements for obtaining a wine licence are provided in Excise Duty Memorandum EDM2-2-1, Obtaining and Renewing a Licence.
6. Section 4 of the Regulations Respecting Excise Licences and Registrations states that a wine licence is valid for a maximum period of two years. The licensing letter issued by the CRA’s regional excise office will specify the effective date and expiry date of the licence. In respect of section 9 of the Regulations, Form L63, Licence and Registration Application under the Excise Act, 2001, must be submitted for the licence renewal at least 30 days before the day on which the licence expires.
Exceptions to the requirement for a wine licence
7. Subsection 62(2) states that the following persons do not require a wine licence:
- an individual who produces wine for their personal use or who packages that wine
- a purchaser who packages wine from a marked special container at an authorized bottle-your-own premises
8. An individual may produce wine at a residence or at a ferment-on-premises facility. Refer to Excise Duty Memorandum EDM4-1-3, Ferment-On-Premises Registrants, for additional information.
Obtaining other licence types
9. Depending on the activities of a wine licensee, other licence types may be required. For example, a wine licensee may also need an excise warehouse licence to store non-duty-paid packaged wine or a user’s licence to fortify the wine.
10. Additional information on licence types and the activities that may be performed under those licences is available in Excise Duty Memorandum EDM2-1-1, Licence Types.
Excise warehouse licence
11. Under section 88, a wine licensee cannot possess non-duty-paid packaged wine but an excise warehouse licensee can. To defer the payment of excise duty after packaging wine, the packaged wine must immediately be entered into an excise warehouse, as stated in subsection 135(3). Excise duty does not have to be paid until the packaged wine is removed from the excise warehouse, as per subsection 136(1). Therefore, a wine licensee often has a separate excise warehouse licence to store non-duty-paid packaged wine.
12. For additional information on the obligations and entitlements of excise warehouse licensees, refer to Excise Duty Memorandum EDM8-1-1, Excise Warehouses.
User’s licence
13. Under section 62.1 and subsection 130(1), a wine licensee that wishes to fortify bulk wine with bulk spirits must obtain a user’s licence. Refer to Excise Duty Memorandum EDM3-1-2, Licensed Users, for additional information.
Determining the volume and absolute ethyl alcohol content of wine
14. In respect of subsection 148(1), a wine licensee is required to determine the volume and absolute ethyl alcohol content of wine in a manner specified by the CRA using approved instruments. The CRA has approved several types of instruments for this purpose, including thermometers, hydrometers, digital density meters and mass flow measuring systems. However, each individual instrument that a wine licensee uses for excise duty purposes must first be approved by the CRA.
15. To accurately measure the absolute ethyl alcohol content of wine for excise purposes, the wine must first be distilled.
16. Information relating to specifications and procedures to follow in determining the volume and absolute ethyl alcohol content is available in Excise Duty Memorandum EDM1-1-5, Instrument Approval.
Possession and transportation of wine
Bulk wine
17. The possession of bulk wine is strictly controlled by the Act. Under paragraph 70(2)(b), a wine licensee may possess or transport bulk wine if it was produced or imported by a wine licensee.
18. According to paragraph 70(2)(d), bulk wine produced or imported by a wine licensee may be transported or stored by an alcohol registrant on behalf of the wine licensee. Additional information on the transportation or storage of bulk wine by alcohol registrants is available in Excise Duty Memorandum EDM3-1-4, Alcohol Registrants.
Packaged wine
19. A wine licensee is not permitted to possess non-duty-paid packaged wine. A wine licensee that packages wine on which excise duty is imposed may either pay the excise duty at the time of packaging or enter the non-duty-paid packaged wine into an excise warehouse to defer the payment of excise duty.
20. A wine licensee is permitted to possess wine that is packaged in Canada and relieved of excise duty, as well as duty-paid packaged wine. Under paragraph 135(2)(b), wine that is produced by and packaged by, or on behalf of, a small producer of wine is relieved of excise duty. In this case, the exempt wine is not entered into an excise warehouse and must be recorded separately from duty-deferred wine.
Information to be displayed on containers – Labelling
21. Under section 87, a wine licensee that packages wine must ensure that the wine container (for example, bottles) and any packaging encasing that container display one of the following, as prescribed by the Regulations Respecting the Information to be Displayed on Alcohol Containers and their Packaging:
- their name and address
- their licence number
22. The information may be displayed on the container itself or the container’s label and must be displayed immediately after packaging unless the wine is entered into an excise warehouse immediately after packaging, in which case the information must be displayed before the wine is removed from the warehouse.
23. In addition to the information above, marked special containers of wine must indicate that the contents are packaged wine and the container is intended for delivery to, and use at, a bottle-your-own premises.
24. For more information on labelling containers of wine, refer to Excise Duty Memorandum EDM4-2-3.
Excise duty rates
25. Excise duty is imposed at specified rates on bulk wine taken for use and on wine packaged in Canada. These rates are provided at Excise Duty Rates.
Imposition and responsibility of excise duty
Bulk wine
26. Under subsections 134(1) and (2), excise duty is imposed on bulk wine that is taken for use unless it is used for analysis or destroyed in an approved manner. It is payable at the time the wine is taken for use by the licensee that is responsible for the bulk wine at that time.
27. According to sections 113 and 115, the person responsible for bulk wine is generally the wine licensee or the licensed user that owns the bulk wine. If a wine licensee or licensed user does not own the bulk wine, then responsibility rests with the licensee that last owned, imported or produced it.
Exceptions to the imposition of duty on bulk wine
28. As per subsection 134(3), excise duty is not imposed on bulk wine that is taken for use if the wine is produced by an individual for their personal use and is consumed in the course of that use.
Packaged wine
29. Under subsections 135(1) and (3), excise duty is imposed on wine that is packaged in Canada at the time the wine is packaged. Excise duty is payable at that time by the licensee that was responsible for the bulk wine, unless the packaged wine is entered into an excise warehouse immediately after packaging.
30. When a wine licensee enters non-duty-paid packaged wine into an excise warehouse immediately after the wine is packaged, section 140 states that the excise warehouse licensee becomes liable for the duty on the packaged wine.
31. Excise duty is payable, as per subsection 136(1), on packaged wine that is removed from an excise warehouse for entry into the duty-paid market. It is payable by the excise warehouse licensee at the time of its removal.
Exceptions to the imposition of duty on packaged wine
32. As stated in subsection 135(2), excise duty is not imposed on wine that is either:
- produced and packaged by individuals for their personal use
- produced by and packaged by, or on behalf of, a small producer of wine
33. A wine licensee is not eligible for the relief provision available to individuals who produce and package wine for their personal use.
34. Under subsection 147(4), excise duty is not payable on samples of non-duty-paid packaged wine provided free of charge to individuals if all of the following conditions are met:
- the wine is removed from the excise warehouse of the wine licensee that produced or packaged the wine
- the wine is consumed at the premises where the licensee produces or packages wine
- the wine is not in a marked special container
Removals for consignment sales by a small wine licensee
35. For the purposes of section 136, a small wine licensee is a wine licensee that did not sell more than 60,000 litres of wine during their last fiscal year.
36. According to subsection 136(2), and under certain conditions, a small wine licensee may remove packaged wine from their own excise warehouse without excise duty becoming payable. The wine must have been produced or packaged by the small wine licensee and it must be delivered to a retail store for sale on a consignment basis. The retail store must not be located on the premises of a wine licensee and must be operated on behalf of two or more small wine licensees. When the wine is sold by the retail store, it is deemed to have been removed from the excise warehouse for entry into the duty-paid market and excise duty is payable.
Excise duty exemption for small producers of wine
37. Paragraph 135(2)(b) provides for the relief of excise duty imposed on wine that is produced by and packaged by, or on behalf of, a wine licensee that qualifies as a small producer.
38. A wine licensee qualifies as a small producer in a fiscal month if both of the following apply:
- the licensee’s total sales of all wine packaged in Canada in the previous fiscal year did not exceed $50,000
- the licensee’s total sales of all wine packaged in Canada during the current fiscal year before the current fiscal month do not exceed $50,000
39. A small producer must still be a wine licensee and fulfil all of the obligations associated with holding that licence.
40. Packaged wine that qualifies for this excise duty exemption is not entered into an excise warehouse and a qualified small producer of wine does not need an excise warehouse to possess the exempt wine.
41. In addition to reporting bulk wine additions and reductions on page 3 of Form B265, the small producer must check the appropriate box at the bottom of that page to indicate that they are a small producer. Refer to Excise Duty Memorandum EDM4-1-2, Small Producers of Wine, for additional information.
Bulk wine taken for analysis or destroyed in an approved manner
42. As per paragraphs 145(1)(a) and (b), a wine licensee can only be relieved of the liability on bulk wine that is taken for analysis or destroyed if the method used has been approved by the CRA.
43. A wine licensee must submit a written request to their regional excise office to obtain approval for their method of analysis or destruction. In that request, the licensee must specify if it is for a specific incident or for an on-going basis. It must also state the reason for the analysis or destruction (for example, alcoholic strength, quality controls), where the wine will be analyzed or destroyed, the frequency, the quantities taken and the controls that are in place. In addition, the wine licensee must maintain adequate books and records to support their claims.
44. A wine licensee may also contact their regional excise office for further information and to have their methodology approved. For a listing of these offices, go to Contact Information – Excise and Specialty Tax Directorate.
45. A wine licensee must report the quantities of bulk wine taken for analysis or destroyed in an approved manner under “Reductions to bulk wine inventory – Removed for other purposes – Non-duty-paid (Specify)”, on page 3 of Form B265.
Maintaining books and records
46. Under subsection 206(1), every person who has a licence is required to maintain all records that are necessary to determine whether they are in compliance with the Act.
47. Detailed information on the requirement to maintain books and records is available in Excise Duty Memorandum EDM9-1-1, General Requirements for Books and Records.
Returns and payments
48. Under section 160, a wine licensee is required to file Form B265 for each reporting period, calculate any excise duty payable in that return and pay the amount owing. The return and payment are due no later than the last day of the first fiscal month that follows the reporting period.
49. A wine licensee that has more than one licence must file a separate return for each licence. For example, a wine licensee that also has an excise warehouse licence is required to file Form B262, Excise Duty Return – Excise Warehouse Licensee, in addition to Form B265.
50. For more detailed information on the requirements to file returns and pay excise duty, refer to Excise Duty Memorandum EDM10-1-1, Returns and Payments. Information and instructions on how to complete a wine licensee’s excise duty return are available in Excise Duty Memorandum EDM10-1-6, Completing an Excise Duty Return – Wine Licensee.
Reporting periods
51. The default reporting period is a fiscal month; however, an authorized licensee may file excise duty returns twice a year (that is, semi-annual or fiscal half-year reporting periods).
52. For additional information on reporting periods and how to determine eligibility and apply for semi-annual reporting, refer to Excise Duty Memorandum EDM10-1-1.
Branches or divisions filing separate returns
53. Subsection 164(1) states that a wine licensee that has branches or divisions with distinct operations under their wine licence may apply to the CRA for the authority to file separate returns for each branch or division. This request can be made by completing Form B269, Application or Revocation of the Authorization to File Separate Excise Duty Returns and Refund Applications for Branches or Divisions.
Claiming refunds
54. According to subsections 175(1) and 176(3), a wine licensee must submit a completed Form B256, Excise Act, 2001 – Application for Refund, to claim a refund of an amount of excise duty paid, within two years after the licensee paid the amount.
55. In addition to the amount requested, the wine licensee must indicate the reason for claiming this refund when making the application. Under subsection 176(1), a wine licensee may claim a refund of an amount of excise duty that was paid in error. On the application form, the licensee must check box 1 in the section entitled “Reason for refund”.
Restrictions
56. Subsection 189(4) states that a refund will not be paid to a wine licensee until the licensee has filed with the CRA or the Canada Border Services Agency all returns or other records that are required to be filed under the Excise Act, 2001, the Air Travellers Security Charge Act, the Customs Act, the Excise Act, the Excise Tax Act and the Income Tax Act.
57. For additional information relating to the process and the legislative requirements for obtaining a refund, refer to Excise Duty Memorandum EDM10-3-1, Refunds.
Enforcement
58. Under Part 6, a wine licensee that fails to comply with the Act and the conditions or requirements of their licence may be subject to a penalty or face charges under the Act.
Further information
For all technical publications related to the Excise Act, 2001 and its regulations, go to Excise duties technical information under the Excise Act, 2001.
To make a general or technical enquiry on excise duties or request a ruling or interpretation related to excise duties, go to Contact Information – Excise and Specialty Tax Directorate.
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