How it works
Conserving 30% of Canada by 2030: Vision for the future
How it works
Creating protected and conserved areas
There are many conservation tools available to protect and conserve areas in Canada.
There are federal tools, enabled by legislation and regulations, like:
- National Wildlife Areas
- Marine National Wildlife Areas
- Migratory Bird Sanctuaries
- National Marine Conservation Areas
- National Parks
- Oceans Act Marine Protected Areas
There are also non-legislative tools, like private protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECM).
Provinces and territories also have a variety of conservation tools at their disposal. By embracing all the available options, partners pursue the best ways to expand Canada's national conservation network. Together, we are protecting biodiversity, while respecting and supporting local cultures and economies.
Establishing a protected area
Protected areas are established through in-depth consultations and negotiations with rights holders, partners and stakeholders. Each proposed project is unique and reflects local circumstances, and generally follows a series of distinct phases:
- identifying candidate sites for protection,
- identifying and consulting with rights holders, partners and stakeholders,
- assessing feasibility, which includes socio-economic impacts,
- selecting the most appropriate protection tool, and
- designating the protected area using the appropriate tools.
Story of Edéhzhíe: Working with Indigenous Peoples to create new protected areas
Creating and expanding National Wildlife Areas, under the Canada Wildlife Act, is one of the ways Canada is advancing conservation. The process is comprehensive and can take a long time. For example, the process to establish Edéhzhíe National Wildlife Area, which is also co-designated as a Dehcho Protected Area, took about 20 years from concept to completion.
Transcript
NARRATOR: Edéhzhíe’s boreal forest, clean waters and diverse wildlife are integral to Dehcho Dene culture, language and way of life.
JONAS ANTOINE: There are great amounts of game up there. There is an area for woodland caribou. And in the summer months, there’s a lot of moose up there ‘cause a lot of them come up from the edge of the plateaus… in the spring… they spend the winter there, most of the moose are moving back down off the plateau but a few remain throughout the winter months there. And there’s also great areas for fur bearing animals like martens and lynx for trapping. And every lake that you see up there, practically every pond or lake, there’s fish in there. There’s all kinds of different fish. Every lake has white fish. Every large lake has trout. Beautiful area. To live and to be able to feed yourself. That is what we’re trying to preserve for the future.
PRISCILLA CANADIEN: What Edéhzhíe means to me is the heart and soul of the Dehcho region. It means a lot to me because the Deh Gáh Got’ie First Nation people have used the area historically for many, many years.
NARRATOR: Edéhzhíe spans over 14,000 square kilometers in the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories. These lands were designated an Indigenous Protected and Conserved Area by the Dehcho First Nations in 2018. It includes lands, waters and ice where Indigenous leadership guides the decisions and actions that protect and conserve it. In 2022, it was designated a National Wildlife Area by the Government of Canada, complementing the Dehcho First Nations’ conservation and stewardship goals and the protection of wildlife and their habitats.
Edéhzhíe is managed in partnership. The Dehcho First Nations and Environment and Climate Change Canada work collaboratively and make decisions by consensus. Decisions based in traditional Indigenous knowledge and science, and guided by the Edéhzhíe Management Board.
The Dehcho First Nations lead stewardship activities, through the Edéhzhíe Guardians, who are responsible for much of the monitoring and management of the area, including ecological monitoring, cultural protection, research projects and youth mentoring.
KODY HARDISTY-SANGRIS: The most rewarding aspect of this job is being out on the land and gathering traditional knowledge so I can pass it onto generations to come.
NARRATOR: The Guardians also work closely with Community Coordinators, who help them promote the protection and stewardship of Edéhzhíe, and assist with community and on the land programming.
ARIAL SANGUEZ: I support the Guardians in ensuring that they have the training and equipment needed to be the eyes and ears on the land.
DAHTI TSETSO: It’s not just about taking care of the land and protecting it from industrial development, from the perspective of the Dehcho Dene, they want to have Edéhzhíe to help strengthen their relationship to the land, and that’s what it’s always been for them.
NARRATOR: The Dehcho Dene view Edéhzhíe as their refuge. It is their cultural sanctuary where they go for spiritual nourishment, to heal, recover, reconnect, and reconcile with the land, their history, families and themselves. The Dehcho Dene are part of Edéhzhíe. They look after it, and it looks after them.
KODY HARDISTY-SANGRIS: Edéhzhíe means an extension of myself that’s part of the land… I have a feeling that I just can’t explain, it just calls to me.
NARRATOR: Former Grand Chief Gladys Norwegian once said that “In Dene Zhatié we have a saying, ‘yundáa gogha’ meaning ‘for the future’ and Edéhzhíe brings us renewed hope for the future.”
Recognizing other effective area-based conservation measures
OECMs recognize conservation in action. This means the area is being used for a particular purpose, and at the same time, it is being managed in a way that also supports biodiversity conservation.
Given each OECM is unique, the steps for recognizing one are determined on a case-by-case basis. In general, partners could use the following steps:
- identifying candidate site,
- consulting with rights holders and stakeholders, including relevant Provincial or Territorial government (when required),
- screening site using the pan-Canadian Decision Support Tool, and
- reporting the OECM or protected area in Canada's Protected and Conserved Areas Database.
Story of the Salt Spring Island Natural Cemetery: Private landowners recognizing OECMs
Over a two-year period, Gavin Johnson and Cathy Valentine were able to develop their natural cemetery and report it as an other effective area-based conservation measure given its biodiversity conservation benefits.
Read their story here: Supporting biodiversity in life—and death