Ready Forces

Description

Field combat ready forces able to succeed in an unpredictable and complex security environment in the conduct of concurrent operations associated with all mandated missions.

Results

Determining the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) ability to support the missions assigned by the Government of Canada as outlined in Strong, Secure, Engaged: Canada’s Defence Policy (SSE), the CAF requires the continuous monitoring of key capabilities (Personnel, Equipment, Training, Supplies). To achieve this goal, the department completed a planning and scope exercise for Force Posture and Readiness (FP&R) with three main objectives in mind: improve situational awareness, improve posturing, and enable analytics. As a result, the department gained a better understanding of the scope, approach, cost and schedule for delivering a new FP&R solution in replacement of the existing Strategic Management and Readiness Tool (SMaRT), while delivering new enhanced functionalities and redesigning the department’s approach for assessing force readiness.

The FP&R Directive defines the requirements needed to support multi-mission concurrent capabilities and tasks as described in SSE. This directive ensures that force elements (individual or collective units or capabilities) are trained in accordance with established readiness levels. Readiness levels are achieved through individual training (training individual CAF members), collective training (training teams to work together) as well as validation activities (assessments), equipment servicing, and readiness management.

Readiness levels continued to be achieved in accordance with the managed readiness plan as well as through the preparation of equipment required for training and operations, and the execution of individual and collective training. Added together, this has allowed the CAF to have the flexibility to respond to various mission sets which include: defence diplomacy; collaboration with other Government of Canada departments and agencies in support of domestic defence and security; rapid provision of humanitarian assistance and disaster relief; peace support operations; and combat operations.

The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) generated and sustained relevant, responsive and effective air and space power throughout FY 2019-20. With agile and scalable ready air and space forces, the RCAF supported Search and Rescue (SAR) missions, North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) missions, and assisted civil authorities and other government departments on domestic operations and disaster relief efforts. RCAF force elements participated in over 15 readiness exercises, which included NATO partners and the Five Eyes allies. Additionally, RCAF provided forces support to over 20 missions, both domestically and abroad.

As Canada’s naval force, the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) remained a rapidly deployable, highly flexible and versatile instrument of national power that provided the Government of Canada with maritime defence options in support of national objectives. To meet these demands, the RCN conducted several exercises and operations with allied forces to enhance interoperability, strengthen relationships, and maintain global maritime security. Specific achievements include the interdiction of millions of dollars’ worth of illicit drugs globally through Operation CARIBBE and Operation ARTEMIS, building the capacities of partner nations through Operation PROJECTION, and leading Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 (SNMG2) through Operation REASSURANCE.

During FY 2019-20, the Canadian Army (CA) force generated and deployed force elements on named operations while preserving force elements for contingency commitments to allies; overall, providing timely effects both internationally and domestically. The CA delivered requested land forces for domestic operations such as Operation LENTUS, Operation NANOOK and Operation LASER; internationally for Operation IMPACT (Middle East), Operation PRESENCE (Africa), Operation UNIFIER and Operation REASSURANCE (Europe). To ensure the CA is able to generate the assigned targets, it has adjusted its Managed Readiness Plan to increase the share of its forces ready for deployment throughout FY 2020-21. With the unprecedented realities of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the ongoing demands of Operation LASER 20-01, the CA continues to adjust. While the implications are still developing, the CA remains resilient in its delivery of operational outputs.

The Department of National Defence’s (DND) Managed Readiness Programs have continued to ensure the CAF is trained and adequately equipped as a scalable, agile, responsive and interoperable force both domestically with civil authorities and other government departments, and internationally with allies and partners.

The Joint Managed Readiness Program provides guidance for the conduct of joint readiness training in the CAF. It also provides direction on what needs to be achieved to maintain and further increase the level of joint readiness of the CAF. Most joint training exercises favor the three operational functions of Command, Sense and Sustain with only slight variations. Overall, 94% of planned exercises were conducted during FY 2019-20.

Experimentation

Defence related experimentation activities are outlined in this report under Core Responsibility 4 – Future Force Design.

Key Corporate Risk(s)

Two DND/CAF key corporate risks can be associated with the Ready Forces core responsibility. There is a risk that the CAF will not be able to meet its operational military personnel demand. There is also a risk that the CAF has insufficient force elements of appropriate readiness to respond to concurrent missions and assigned readiness levels. Many of the preventative and mitigating controls for these risks are articulated as activities of each Departmental Result below.

Departmental Result 2.1 – Canadian Armed Forces are ready to conduct concurrent operations


Exercise FORMIDABLE SHIELD

QinetiQ workers prepare to deploy the Vindicator drone before a live fire exercise onboard Her Majesty’s Canadian Ship (HMCS) ST. JOHN’S during Exercise FORMIDABLE SHIELD on 4 May 2019.

QinetiQ workers prepare to deploy the Vindicator drone before a live fire exercise onboard Her Majesty’s Canadian Ship (HMCS) ST. JOHN’S during Exercise FORMIDABLE SHIELD on 4 May 2019.

Photo: Private Sarina McNeill


  • The CAF generated and sustained high readiness naval, land, air, special operations forces and joint capabilities to meet FP&R levels directed by the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) and the concurrent mission requirements of SSE. Throughout FY 2019-20, we progressed a number of initiatives to improve readiness, including:
    • Exercise JOINTEX is an annual, enduring series of CAF professional military education, joint capability development, and training activities that are conducted on a continuous three-year cycle. Highlights from FY 2019-20 include:
      • As an integral part of the JOINTEX series, JOINTEX 19-02 focused on the Canadian Joint Warfare Centre managed Joint Non-Munitions Experiments 3A and 3B, designed to operationalize the updated full spectrum targeting enterprise which considers, for the most part, non-munitions targeting effects including: Electronic Warfare; Cyber and Information Operations;
      • The Joint Operations Symposium (JOS) was conducted in February 2020. The JOS is the main event of the first phase of JOINTEX, and is an important forum in which Canada’s national defence and security team, and other security partners, share perspectives, strengthen relationships and stimulate discussion on operating in the modern global environment; and
      • Integration of Command and Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) and strategic and operational targeting processes as well as theatre staging and support within a Five Eyes environment was practiced under JOINTEX.
    • Exercise VIGILANT SHIELD is an annual Tri-Command (NORAD, United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM), and Canadian Joint Operations Command (CJOC) exercise focusing on the defence of North America. The exercise concerns preparedness to work continentally in the Defence of North America and involves the coordination of planning and command and control amongst the involved headquarters. Through this exercise, the CAF advanced joint and combined military cooperation in the planning, preparation, and conduct of North American defence operations for the following missions:
      • Mission 1 – Detect, deter, and defend against threats or attacks on Canada; and
      • Mission 2 – Detect, deter, defence against threats to or attacks on North America in partnership with the United States, including NORAD.
    • Exercise VIGILANT SHIELD 20 saw the most ambitious and robust Command headquarters’ participation to date. Concerted effort was placed on the stand up of an internal Joint Operations Centre to manage, disseminate, and respond to this exercise’s specific demands. While this Joint Operations Centre was specific to Exercise VIGILANT SHIELD requirements, it served as a template for any Battle Watch requirement, and numerous observations were garnered on improvements that could be made on how operations are managed from an Operational Command Headquarters perspective. In FY 2020-21, Exercise VIGILANT SHIELD 21 will build upon this progress and these lessons to continue to advance this CAF capability.
    • Exercise TRADEWINDS 19 is a multinational maritime interdiction, ground security, and interagency exercise led by the United States Southern Command. CAF members participated in Exercise TRADEWINDS 19 in June 2019. It included participants from 22 nations and key regional organizations. The exercise took place in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and the Dominican Republic. The CAF participated on land and at sea. In total, the CAF sent approximately 80 soldiers and sailors, including a ship, dive team, mentors from the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and the Canadian Army (CA), and a joint CAF and Global Affairs Canada (GAC) disaster assessment team which trained in responding to humanitarian crises.
    • Planning commenced for CAF participation in NATO Exercise STEADFAST DEFENDER 21, focusing on participation in Part 1 – Sea Lines of Communication/Reinforcement, and the establishment of the new NATO command, Joint Force Command Norfolk.
    • Command and Control, and cooperation with Arctic nations, including the United States, in the conduct of Arctic missions or operations:
      • Operation NANOOK occurs every year across Canada’s Northern most regions; and
      • Exercise ARCTIC ZEPHYR remained postponed until FY 2020-21.
    • Enhanced the preparedness of the CAF by assessing technology trends, threats and opportunities. To address emerging technologies including virtual Air, Maritime, Space and Cyber Warfare environments DND/CAF stood up a dedicated line of effort on training for future operational environments.
    • DND/CAF participated in several CAF cyber training activities in the interest of preparing to defend Canada, the continent and international interests from cyber threats:
      • Cyber Domain Indoctrination Course (CDIC) - Conducted 21 October to 1 November 2019: CDIC material included how to integrate cyber considerations into their core staff functions including but not limited to policy, legal, procurement, projects, human resources, and training. CDIC gave an understanding of cyber operations and broadened understanding of modern military cyber operations and the context in which they are conducted;
      • Exercise CYBER FLAG 19 - Executed from 10 to 28 June 2019 in Suffolk, Virginia: Is a USCYBERCOM-led joint tactical training exercise focused on the conduct of full spectrum cyber operations in support of coalition warfare against a realistic and motivated adversary in a virtual environment;
      • Exercise CYBER WARRIOR 19 - Conducted from 18 to 29 November 2019 in the United Kingdom: Is a UK-hosted bi-annual Five Eyes cyber training exercise focused on both Offensive and Defensive Cyber contributions to full-spectrum military operations. The CAF’s focus was on the Joint Cyber Operational Planning Process, normalizing Cyber Operational Planning Process, normalizing Defensive Cyber Operations, and building partnerships, both internally and externally to the CAF; and
      • Exercise CYBER COALITION 19 - Executed from 2 to 6 December 2019 in Estonia: This exercise was a NATO-led exercise in the cyber domain conducted annually. The aim is to enhance cooperation and collaboration among NATO members by strengthening NATO and allies’ ability to protect and defend allied cyberspace and conducting military operations in and through cyberspace. Coordination and collaboration includes exercising NATO and national procedures in the cyber domain including best practices on information sharing, enhancing cyber domain situational awareness, and providing advice and decision-making, in accordance with national roles and responsibilities.
    • DND/CAF advanced the delivery of modern air and space power through multiple initiatives and the achievement of several milestones in FY 2019-20: The following is a list of these undertakings:
      • The Deputy Minister (DM) and the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) signed the Initiating Directive on Space Operations;
      • Received approval to proceed with a CAF Joint space concept of operations, including plans to stand-up a formation-level Canadian Space Division;
      • Created the Advanced Space Effect to further develop space capabilities;
      • Participated in the international Canadian Space Operations Initiative to advance Command and Control (C2) and overall Combined Space Operations; 
      • Initiated Canada’s participation in Operation Olympic Defender; 
      • Stood-up the Combined Technical Operations Cell at Vandenberg Air Force Base as part of the Combined Space Operations Center;
      • Planned and coordinated the employment of Polar Epsilon Near Real-Time Ship Detection with the Swedish military to support Exercise AURORA 20, and with the Finnish military to support Exercise ARCTIC LOCK. These venues allow for experimentation in information sharing with our Arctic Partners; 
      • Coordinated and integrated with United States Space Command and USSTRATCOM to conduct an electromagnetic interference scenario with a Canadian owned satellite;
      • Led planning and execution for Exercise GLOBAL SENTINEL. Participants included 16 countries and their various space/ground based assets; 
      • Participated in the first Coalition Space Flag, where tactics, techniques and procedures were shared for on-orbit defensive space operations between Five Eyes allies; 
      • Collaborated with the Combined Space Operations Center, provided space support to Operations PRESENCE, RENAISSANCE, NEON and IMPACT; and 
      • Received approval of the Minor Capital Project to develop a Canadian Space Common Operating Picture. This capability will feed into the Allied Space C2 initiative.
    • We continued to facilitate the movement of people, materiel, equipment and supplies in far-reaching locations around the globe and to ensure effective Strategic Lines of Communication between Canada and theater. DND/CAF succeeded to support all the mission requirements through the continued expansion of Operational Support Hubs (OSHs), but also through diplomatic relationships and agreements with our allies and other government departments and agencies; and, by adapting to regional, Host Nation capacity, or other external resources. During FY 2019-20, noteworthy achievements include:
      • OSH Europe - Continued to improve support to Europe based CAF missions and reinforced linkages with the German Joint Support and Enabling Service to promote multinational logistics cooperation in the European region and other international operations;
      • OSH West Africa - Enabled theatre close out for Task Force Mali, which involved the repatriation of over over 907 100 kilograms (approximately 2 million pounds) of freight. OSH operations were subsequently reduced to a steady state posture to enable enduring CAF missions in Africa;
      • OSH South West Asia - Remained in direct support of Operation IMPACT activities and more responsive regional support links were established with other missions in the region such as Operation FOUNDATION;
      • OSH Latin America Caribbean - Strengthened interoperability links with the United States, Jamaica and other international partners through joint exercises to improve agility and responsiveness to humanitarian aid and disaster relief requirements in the region;
      • OSH East Africa - There was and there remains no operational requirement to develop this OSH within the foreseeable future; and
      • For East Asia, negotiated logistics and diplomatic arrangements were used as and remain the foundation of support in this region, rather than an enduring OSH. This concept sees no basing of forces, prepositioned materiel or dedicated infrastructure. Rather, specific arrangements will be negotiated that will outline the OSH concept and the support required if activated.
    • We advanced the integration of our space-based capabilities with the whole-of-government RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM), which was launched on 12 June 2019 and became operational in late 2019. It provides a worldwide situational awareness capability. The CAF has started to acquire imagery.
    • Initial operational capability of the two DND/CAF Polar Epsilon ground stations has been delayed due to programmatic challenges and COVID-19. Therefore, RCM cannot be fully leveraged until the ground stations once again become operational.
    • Delivery of the future HMCS Harry DeWolf, the first unit of the Arctic and Offshore Patrol Ship project was delayed to summer 2020. The RCN will integrate the future HMCS Harry DeWolf into the fleet once delivered. The Arctic and Offshore Patrol Vessels will be capable of navigating in sea ice up to one metre thick and will extend the RCN’s ability to operate in the Arctic, enhancing the CAF’s situational awareness and will contribute to maintaining Canadian sovereignty in the North. The ship will also be capable of operating with an embarked Cyclone helicopter on a variety of missions at home and around the globe. The ship will contribute to coastal surveillance, search and rescue, drug interdiction, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations and will be capable of integrating with a range of international partners. The acquisition of six ships will greatly increase the capacity of the RCN to deploy its vessels simultaneously, at home or abroad, enabling the RCN to use its fleet more effectively to meet objectives.
    • The CA is still in the process of updating its Managed Readiness System to better enable readiness in support of SSE concurrent operational imperatives. During FY 2019-20, the Managed Readiness System was adjusted to increase the share of its forces ready for deployment throughout FY 2020-21. Additionally, the CA continues to operationalize the Army Reserve in order to meet assigned readiness levels.
    • The RCAF has integrated the following new and replacement capabilities into the RCAF structure in FY 2019-20:
      • The first two fighter jets purchased from Australia are operational and have flown in RCAF colours;
      • The CH-148 Cyclone (replacing the CH-124 Sea King) embarked on operations, including but not limited to Operation ARTEMIS;
      • The CC-295 fixed-wing search and rescue aircraft project took an important step forward in January 2020, as the Aircraft Maintenance Trainer departed Seville, Spain, to travel to Canada; and
      • The new Search and Rescue Training Centre is under construction at 19 Wing Comox, British Columbia, and is expected to be completed mid-2020. This is the centre where the RCAF Search and Rescue aircrew and maintenance personnel will be trained. The new training centre will include: ten classrooms; sophisticated training devices such as a full-flight simulator; a cockpit procedure trainer; a sensor station simulator; and an aircraft maintenance trainer. Simulation training improves efficiency, environmental impact and operations by reducing the need to use operational aircraft for training purposes.

The CAF is ready

A CH-148 Cyclone helicopter pilot, sits at the controls of the aircraft prior to take-off from Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 (SNMG2) flagship, HMCS HALIFAX during Exercise DOGU AKDENIZ 19, in the Eastern Mediterranean, as part of Operation REASSURANCE on 14 November 2019.

A CH-148 Cyclone helicopter pilot, sits at the controls of the aircraft prior to take-off from Standing NATO Maritime Group 2 (SNMG2) flagship, HMCS HALIFAX during Exercise DOGU AKDENIZ 19, in the Eastern Mediterranean, as part of Operation REASSURANCE on 14 November 2019.

Photo: MS Dan Bard, Canadian Forces Combat Camera


  • The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM) remained at a very high readiness level to disrupt or respond to emerging crisis situations or threats to Canadians and Canadian interests. CANSOFCOM maintained a highly-skilled, multi-purpose special operations force, prepared to operate at home and abroad in situations posing a threat to national interest. CANSOFCOM contributed to the CAF’s ability to anticipate threats through:
    • Preparation and maintenance of high readiness forces;
    • Conducting individual and collective training with key allies and Five Eyes allies;
    • The generation of forces designed to conduct intelligence collection, surveillance and reconnaissance activities; and
    • Command and Control of operational activities around the globe.

Canadian Special Operations Forces Command members work with their Forces armées nigériennes partners during Exercise FLINTLOCK 20 – United States Africa Command’s largest annual Special Operations Forces training event in Mauritania and Senegal from 17 - 28 February 2020.


For more information, refer to the following websites:


Exercise MAPLE RESOLVE

Canadian Special Operations Forces Command members work with their Forces armées nigériennes partners during Exercise FLINTLOCK 20 – United States Africa Command’s largest annual Special Operations Forces training event in Mauritania and Senegal from 17 - 28 February 2020.


Results achieved

Departmental Results Departmental Result Indicators Target Date to achieve target 2019–20
Actual results
2018–19
Actual results
2017–18
Actual results
2.1 Canadian Armed Forces are ready to conduct concurrent operations % of operations that are capable of being conducted concurrently 100% 31 March 2025 100% 100% Not Available
New indicator as
of 2018-19
% of force elements that are ready for operations in accordance with established targets 100% 31 March 2025
80.34%* 79% Not Available
New indicator as
of 2018-19

Notes:

* The target is an aspirational target with a date to achieve target of 31 March 2025.

For more information about the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces’ performance indicators, please visit GC InfoBase.

Departmental Result 2.2 – Military equipment is ready for training and operations

  • The department has made progress towards the development and sustainment of capabilities needed to undertake the operations and exercises that take place in Canada and around the world and which depend on having the necessary trained personnel and military equipment – aircraft, ships, vehicles and weapons – in good working condition and at a certain level of readiness. This means that once equipment is made available to the CAF, it is maintained in serviceable, or reliable, condition for use by the CAF in exercises and operations. Equipment maintenance and repair involves civilian and military personnel and private sector firms. Spending in this area makes a significant contribution to the Canadian economy every year. Examples of equipment made available in FY 2019-20 include:
    • CP140 Aurora Incremental Modernization Project/Aurora Structural Life Extension Project. Highlights include:
      • Aurora Incremental Modernization Block III achieved Full Operational Capability on 26 June 2019; and
      • Aurora Incremental Modernization Block IV conducted an initial assessment flight on 21 February 2020, and relocated the aircraft to 14 Wing for on-ground testing and training development.
    • Interim Fighter Capability Project:
      • The critical modifications and associated flight testing on the first two supplementary aircraft, received in February 2019, were completed in June 2019, culminating with the declaration of Initial Operational Capability by the RCAF on 28 June 2019.
    • Maritime Helicopter Project:
      • The Project accepted six Block 2 Cyclone helicopters in FY 2019-20;
      • The contractor team completed systems integration testing of the final, Capability Release 2.1 configuration under the acquisition contract; and
      • Two helicopters have been modified to the Capability Release 2.1 configuration, one of which will become the flight test vehicle.
  • The department continued to assess the use and availability of maritime, land and aerospace fleets. While equipment continued be made available for use by the different military environments through the Defence Equipment Acquisition Programs and the Equipment Support Program, the serviceability of equipment for training and operations is ensured by the Ready Forces Programs where minor repairs are addressed. Specifically, the CA started to develop an improved Serviceability and Sustainment Dashboard to better monitor serviceability rates and predict parts and maintenance needs, which should be available sometime in FY 2020-21.
    • The availability and serviceability of the various key equipment fleets of the CAF continued to be monitored during FY 2019-20. We further improved our measurement of the availability and serviceability of equipment and its contribution to ensure the readiness of our forces and the effective delivery of operations. Highlights from FY 2019-20 include:
    • The availability and serviceability rates of all aircraft fleets continued to be monitored and reported on a quarterly basis through a formalized process to ensure the readiness and the effective delivery of operations;
    • The RCN’s Kingston-class achieved the planned level of availability. However, Victoria-class did not achieve the planned level of availability due to delays in the docking work periods for HMCS Victoria and HMCS Windsor. Also, Halifax-class did not achieve the planned level of availability due to delays during the docking work period for HMCS Vancouver. Availability of equipment was monitored by tracking the performance in the planning and executing of the Docking Work Periods which make the critical fleets available for the RCN;
    • Availability of RCN equipment was monitored by tracking the performance in the planning and executing of the docking work periods which make the critical fleets available for the RCN; and
    • The CA force generated the necessary equipment for named operations. Mandated training and institutional support were achieved through whole fleet management. 
  • Command-driven equipment management programs such as the Canadian Army Equipment Readiness Programme aimed at improving equipment serviceability are in effect and being monitored closely. Certain fleets are vulnerable to disruption due to their small size, therefore prudent allocation of human and financial resources remained crucial to meet the availability targets.

It is to be noted that physical restrictions put in place due to COVID-19 at the end of FY 2019-20 may pose a risk to serviceability rates, with this risk increasing the longer the restrictions remain in place.

Results achieved

Departmental Results Departmental Result Indicators Target Date to achieve target 2019–20
Actual results
2018–19
Actual results
2017–18
Actual results
2.2 Military equipment is ready for training and operations % of maritime key fleets that are serviceable to meet training and readiness requirements 90% or greater* 31 March 2020 98.20% 91.40% 95%
% of land fleets that are serviceable to meet training and readiness requirements 70% or greater* 31 March 2020
65.40%** 72% Not Available
New indicator as
of 2018-19
% of aerospace fleets that are serviceable to meet training and readiness requirements 85% or greater* 31 March 2020
60.80%*** 79.10% **** Not Available
New indicator as
of 2018-19

Notes:

* A portion of the fleet will normally be subject to repairs due to the use of fleets and thus not be serviceable. As such, a target of 100% would not reflect a realistic goal. A healthy fleet should, however, reflect a low proportion of the fleet that is unserviceable in order to ensure that the appropriate level of training and readiness can be provided. Note that the concept of “serviceable” differs significantly between military environments due to the inherent differences across types of equipment.

** During FY 2019-20, the CA force generated the necessary equipment for operations, mandated training and institutional support. The target of 70% was not achieved due to a less than optimal spare parts and technicians that have contributed to low serviceability of certain key fleets.

*** The deviation from the target has resulted from an operationally-focused interpretation of the definitions for “available” and “serviceable” as they apply to aircraft in the measurement formula. Under this context, the indicator better aligns internal Royal Canadian Air Force measurement strategies with external reporting of results. Given the cyclical nature of preventative aircraft maintenance, and the circumstances unique to each fleet, these definitions provide a more comprehensive measure of how limited air assets were managed for use in training and operations. The operational definitions of “available” and “serviceable” will be formally adopted in future reporting cycles, along with the establishment of an appropriate indicator target to correspond with the changed measurement formula.

**** The calculation of serviceability for the aerospace fleets has been modified for FY 2019-20 and the measurement result of 2018-19 is no longer comparable to that of FY 2019-20. Using the new methodology, the serviceability measurement for FY 2018-19 would have produced a result of 58.6%.

For more information about the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces’ performance indicators, please visit GC InfoBase.

Budgetary financial resources (dollars)

2019–20
Main Estimates

2019–20
Planned spending

2019-20
Total authorities
available for use
2019-20
Actual spending
(authorities used)
2019-20
Difference
(Actual spending minus
Planned spending)
9,558,448,134 9,672,587,363 10,027,665,272 9,875,229,209 202,641,846

Human resources (full-time equivalents) 

2019–20
Planned full-time equivalents
2019–20
Actual full-time equivalents

2019–20
Difference
(Actual full-time equivalents minus Planned full-time equivalents)
46,016 45,797 (219)

Financial, human resources and performance information for the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces’ Program Inventory, including explanation of significant variances, is available in the GC InfoBase.

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