Policy on Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods (2023): References
- Boone, I., et al, 2021. Healthcare-associated foodborne outbreaks in high-income countries: A literature review and surveillance study, 16 OECD countries, 2001 to 2019. Eurosurveillance, vol. 26, no. 41. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.41.2001278.
- Buchanan, R.L., et al, 2017. A review of Listeria monocytogenes: An update on outbreaks, virulence, dose-response, ecology, and risk assessments. Food Control, vol. 75, p. 1-13.
- CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission), 1999. Code of hygienic practice for refrigerated packaged foods with extended shelf life: CAC/RCP 46-(1999) [online]. [accessed 19 December 2022]. Codex texts: Codes of practice.
- CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission), 2009a. Guidelines on the application of general principles of food hygiene to the control of Listeria monocytogenes in foods: CAC/GL 61-2007 [online]. [accessed 19 December 2022]. Codex texts: Guidelines.
- CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission), 2009b. Recommended international code of practice general principles of food hygiene: CAC/RCP 1-1969. In: Food hygiene: Basic texts. Fourth edition [online]. [accessed 19 December 2022]. ISBN 978-92-5-105913-5.
- CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission), 2018. Code of hygienic practice for low-moisture foods: CXC 75-2015 [online]. [accessed 19 December 2022]. Codex texts: Codes of practice.
- CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission), 2020. General principles of food hygiene: CXC 1-1969 [online]. [accessed 19 December 2022]. Codex texts: Codes of practice.
- CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), 2011. Certain cheese and dairy products produced by EST. 1874 may contain Listeria monocytogenes [online]. Healthy Canadians [accessed 19 December 2022].
- CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), 2015a. Sliced mortadella products sold at Lady York Foods recalled due to Listeria monocytogenes [online]. Healthy Canadians [accessed 19 December 2022].
- CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), 2015b. Sliced apples and products containing sliced apples recalled due to Listeria monocytogenes [online]. Healthy Canadians [accessed 19 December 2022].
- CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), 2016. Updated food recall warning - Sliced deli meat products sold at Tre Rose Bakery up to and including October 4, 2016 recalled due to Listeria monocytogenes [online]. Inspection Canada [accessed 17 May 2021].
- CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), 2018. Updated food recall warning - Druxy's Fresh Deli Revolution brand seasoned cooked roast beef recalled due to Listeria monocytogenes [online]. Inspection Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), 2019. Food recall warning - Glacial Treasure brand frozen chicken products recalled due to Listeria monocytogenes [online]. Inspection Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), 2021. Sharing bacterial DNA data helps solve international food safety investigations [online]. Inspection Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- CFIA (Canadian Food Inspection Agency), 2023. Control measures for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods [online]. Inspection Canada [accessed 3 March 2023].
- Chen, Y., et al, 2003. Listeria monocytogenes: Low levels equal low risk. Journal of Food Protection, vol. 66, no. 4, p. 570-577.
- Chen, Y., et al, 2016a. Recovery and growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes in temperature abused milkshakes prepared from naturally contaminated ice cream linked to a listeriosis outbreak. Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 7, article 764. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00764
- Chen, Y., et al, 2016b. Prevalence and level of Listeria monocytogenes in ice cream linked to a listeriosis outbreak in the United States. Journal of Food Protection, vol. 79, no. 11, p. 1828-1832.
- Churchill, K.J., et al, 2019. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in select ready-to-eat foods - Deli meat, soft cheese, and packaged salad: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Food Protection, vol. 82, no. 2, p. 344-357.
- Clark, C.G., et al, 2010. Surveillance for Listeria monocytogenes and listeriosis, 1995-2004. Epidemiology and Infection, vol. 138, no. 4, p. 559-572.
- CNPHI (Canadian Network for Public Health Intelligence, Outbreak summaries), 2021. Personal communication.
- Currie, A., et al, 2015. Multi-province listeriosis outbreak linked to contaminated deli meat consumed primarily in institutional settings, Canada, 2008. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, vol. 12, no. 8, p. 645-652.
- D'Amico, D.J. and Donnelly, C.W., 2008. Enhanced detection of Listeria spp. in farmstead cheese processing environments through dual primary enrichment, PCR, and molecular subtyping. Journal of Food Protection, vol. 71, no. 11, p. 2239-2248.
- Desai, A.N., et al, 2019. Changing epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes outbreaks, sporadic cases, and recalls globally: A review of ProMED reports from 1996 to 2018. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 84, p. 48-53.
- EFSA and ECDC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), 2022. The European Union one health 2021 zoonoses report. EFSA Journal, vol. 20, no. 12, article e07666. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7666.
- EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), et al, 2018. Listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready‐to‐eat foods and the risk for human health in the EU. EFSA Journal, vol. 16, no. 1, article e05134. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5134.
- EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), et al, 2020. The public health risk posed by Listeria monocytogenes in frozen fruit and vegetables including herbs, blanched during processing. EFSA Journal, vol. 18, no. 4, article e06092. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6092.
- European Commission (The Commission of the European Communities), 2020. Current consolidated version: 08/03/2020 of the Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs [online]. [accessed 19 December 2022].
- FAO and WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization), 2004. Risk assessment of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods. Microbiological risk assessment series [online], no. 5 [accessed 19 December 2022]. ISSN 1726-5274.
- Farber, J.M. and Peterkin, P. I., 1991. Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen. Microbiological Reviews, vol. 55, no. 3, p. 476-511.
- Farber, J.M. and Peterkin, P. I., 2000. Chapter 44: Listeria monocytogenes. In: The microbiological safety and quality of food. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers Inc., pp. 1178-1232.
- Farber, J.M., et al, 2000. A small outbreak of listeriosis potentially linked to the consumption of imitation crab meat. Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol. 31, no. 2, p. 100-104.
- Farber, J.M., et al, 2021. Alternative approaches to the risk management of Listeria monocytogenes in low risk foods. Food Control, vol. 123, article 107601. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107601.
- FDA and USDA (Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture), 2003. Quantitative assessment of the relative risk to public health from foodborne Listeria monocytogenes among selected categories of ready-to-eat foods [online]. FDA [accessed 19 December 2022].
- FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand), 2014. Guidance on the application of microbiological criteria for Listeria monocytogenes in RTE food [online]. [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Gaulin, C., et al, 2003. First documented outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in Quebec, 2002. Canada Communicable Disease Report, vol. 29, no. 21, p. 181-186.
- Gaulin, C. and Ramsay, D., 2010. Éclosion d'infections à Listeria monocytogenes pulsovar 93 liée à la consommation de fromages québécois, 2008 (French only). Province de Québec: Rapport d'investigation et d'intervention [online]. [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Government of Canada, 2016. Listeriosis (Listeria) [online]. Canada [accessed 25 January 2023].
- Government of Canada, 2021a. Canadian Standards of Identity: Volume 7 - Meat Products [online]. Inspection Canada [accessed 25 January 2023].
- Government of Canada, 2021b. Food safety for people with a weakened immune system [online]. Canada [accessed 25 January 2023].
- Government of Canada, 2021c. Food safety for adults ages 60 and over [online]. Canada [accessed 25 January 2023].
- Government of Canada, 2021d. Food safety for pregnant women [online]. Canada [accessed 25 January 2023].
- Government of Canada, 2023a. Food and Drugs Act [online]. Justice Laws [accessed 25 January 2023].
- Government of Canada, 2023b. Cannabis Exemption (Food and Drugs Act) Regulations [online]. Justice Laws [accessed 25 January 2023].
- Government of Canada, 2023c. Safe Food for Canadians Regulations [online]. Justice Laws [accessed 25 January 2023].
- Government of Canada, 2023d. Food and Drug Regulations [online]. Justice Laws [accessed 25 January 2023].
- Government of Canada, 2023e. Safe Food for Canadians Act [online]. Justice Laws [accessed 25 January 2023].
- Government of Canada, 2023f. General food safety tips [online]. Canada [accessed 25 January 2023].
- Grif, K., et al, 2001. Prevalence and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in the feces of healthy Austrians. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, vol. 113, no. 19, p. 737-742.
- Hafner, L., et al, 2021. Listeria monocytogenes faecal carriage is common and depends on the gut microbiota. Nature Communications, vol. 12, article 6826. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27069-y.
- Hanson, H., et al, 2019. Listeria monocytogenes associated with pasteurized chocolate milk, Ontario, Canada. Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 581-584.
- Health Canada, 2010. MFLP-41: Environmental sampling for the detection of microorganisms. In: Compendium of analytical methods, Vol 3. [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Health Canada, 2011. Weight of evidence: Factors to consider for appropriate and timely action in a foodborne illness outbreak investigation [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Health Canada, 2012a. Validation of ready-to-eat foods for changing the classification of a Category 1 into a Category 2A or 2B food in relation to Health Canada's Policy on Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods (2011) (to be updated) [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Health Canada, 2012b. Listeria monocytogenes challenge testing of refrigerated ready-to-eat foods (to be updated) [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Health Canada, 2012c. Comments on Health Canada's proposed document Validation of ready-to-eat foods for changing the classification of a Category 1 into a Category 2A or 2B food - In relation to Health Canada's Policy on Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods, 2011.
- Health Canada, 2014a. Health Canada's guidance document on E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O157:NM in raw beef [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Health Canada, 2014b. Policy for differentiating food additives and processing aids [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Health Canada, 2017a. Guidance document: Classification of products at the food-natural health product interface: Products in food formats [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Health Canada, 2017b. Lists of permitted food additives [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Health Canada, 2021a. The compendium of analytical methods [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Health Canada, 2021b. A guide for the preparation of submissions on food additives [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Health Canada, 2022a. Food processing aids [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Health Canada, 2022b. Guidelines for the safety assessment of novel foods [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods), 1996. Listeria monocytogenes. In: Microorganisms in foods 5: Characteristics of microbial pathogens. Blackie Academic & Professional, p. 141-182. ISBN 978-0-412-47350-0.
- ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods), 2018a. Sampling to assess control of the environment. In: Microorganisms in foods 7: Microbiological testing in food safety management. Second edition. Springer International Publishing, p. 263-292. ISBN 978-3-319-68460-4.
- ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods), 2018b. Non-random distribution. In: Microorganisms in foods 7: Microbiological testing in food safety management. Second edition. Springer International Publishing, p. 207-209. ISBN 978-3-319-68460-4.
- Iida, T., et al, 1998. Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in humans, animals and foods. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, vol. 60, no. 12, p. 1341-1343.
- INSPQ (Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec), 2021. Personal communication.
- iPHIS (Integrated Public Health Information System), 2021. Personal communication.
- MAPAQ (Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec), 2021. Personal communication.
- Mazaheri, T., et al, 2021. Listeria monocytogenes biofilms in the food industry: Is the current hygiene program sufficient to combat the persistence of the pathogen? Microorganisms, vol. 9, no. 1, article 181. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010181.
- McIntyre, L., Wilcott, L. and Naus, M., 2015. Listeriosis outbreaks in British Columbia, Canada, caused by soft ripened cheese contaminated from environmental sources. BioMed Research International, vol. 2015, article 131623. DOI: 10.1155/2015/131623.
- McLauchlin, J., et al, 2004. Listeria monocytogenes and listeriosis: A review of hazard characterisation for use in microbiological risk assessment of foods. International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 92, no. 1, p. 15-33.
- Müller, H. E. 1990. Listeria isolations from feces of patients with diarrhea and from healthy food handlers. Infection, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 97-100.
- NACMCF (National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods), 1998. Hazard analysis and critical control point principles and application guidelines. Journal of Food Protection, vol. 61, no. 9, p. 1246-1259.
- Pagotto, F., et al, 2006. Canadian listeriosis reference service. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 132-137.
- Pagotto, F., Hébert, K. and Farber, J., 2011a. MFHPB-30: Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria spp. from foods and environmental samples. In: Compendium of analytical methods, vol 2. [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Pagotto, F., et al, 2011b. MFLP-74: Enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes in foods. In: Compendium of analytical methods, vol. 3. [accessed 19 December 2022].
- PHAC (Public Health Agency of Canada), 2015. Public health notice update - United States outbreak of Listeria infections related to prepackaged caramel apples that may have been distributed in Canada [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- PHAC (Public Health Agency of Canada), 2016. Public health notice update - Outbreak of Listeria infections linked to packaged salad products produced at the Dole processing facility in Springfield, Ohio [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- PHAC (Public Health Agency of Canada), 2019. Public health notice - Outbreak of Listeria infections linked to Rosemount brand cooked diced chicken [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- PHAC (Public Health Agency of Canada), 2020. 2020-21 Departmental plan: Public Health Agency of Canada [online]. Canada [accessed 19 December 2022].
- PHAC (Public Health Agency of Canada), 2023. Customize your own chart - Notifiable diseases on-line [online]. PHAC/ASPC [accessed 3 March 2023].
- Pohl, A.M., et al, 2019. Differences among incidence rates of invasive listeriosis in the U.S. FoodNet population by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and pregnancy status, 2008-2016. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, vol. 16, no. 4, p. 290-297.
- Pouillot, R., et al, 2016. Infectious dose of Listeria monocytogenes in outbreak linked to ice cream, United States, 2015. Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 22, no. 12, p. 2113-2119.
- Riggio, G.M., et al, 2019. Microgreens - A review of food safety considerations along the farm to fork continuum. International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 290, p. 76-85.
- Roberts, T., et al, 2009. The long-term health outcomes of selected foodborne pathogens [online]. The Center for Foodborne Illness Research & Prevention [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Schlech, W.F., et al, 1983. Epidemic listeriosis - Evidence for transmission by food. New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 308, no. 4, p. 203-206.
- Self, J.L., et al, 2019. Multistate outbreak of listeriosis associated with packaged leafy green salads, United States and Canada, 2015-2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol. 25, no. 8, p. 1461-1468.
- Simmons, C.K. and Wiedmann, M., 2018. Identification and classification of sampling sites for pathogen environmental monitoring programs for Listeria monocytogenes: Results from an expert elicitation. Food Microbiology, vol. 75, p. 2-17.
- Soni, D.K., et al, 2014. Virulence and genotypic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from vegetable and soil samples. BMC Microbiology, vol. 14, no. 1, article 241. DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0241-3.
- Spanu, C. and Jordan, K., 2020. Listeria monocytogenes environmental sampling program in ready-to-eat processing facilities: A practical approach. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, vol. 19, no. 6, p. 2843-2861.
- Thomas, M.K., et al, 2015a. Estimates of foodborne illness - Related hospitalizations and deaths in Canada for 30 specified pathogens and unspecified agents. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, vol. 12, no. 10, p. 820-827.
- Thomas, M.K., et al, 2015b. Economic cost of a Listeria monocytogenes outbreak in Canada, 2008. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, vol. 12, no. 12, p. 966-971.
- Tompkin, R.B., et al, 1992. Control of Listeria monocytogenes in processed meats. Food Australia, vol. 44, no. 8, p. 370-376.
- Tompkin, R.B., et al, 1999. Guidelines to prevent post-processing contamination from Listeria monocytogenes. Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, vol. 19, no. 8, p. 551-562.
- Tompkin, R.B., 2002. Control of Listeria monocytogenes in the food-processing environment. Journal of Food Protection, vol. 65, no. 4, p. 709-725.
- VCH (Vancouver Coastal Health), 2016. Public safety advisory for customers of Foody World [online]. VCH [accessed 27 February 2023].
- VCH (Vancouver Coastal Health), 2021. Personal communication.
- WHO (World Health Organization), 2018. Listeriosis [online]. WHO [accessed 19 December 2022].
- WHO (International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN), World Health Organization), 2020. INFOSAN quarterly summary, 2020 #2: April-June 2020 [online]. WHO [accessed 19 December 2022].
- Zoellner, C., et al, 2018. Design elements of Listeria environmental monitoring programs in food processing facilities: A scoping review of research and guidance materials. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 1156-1171.
- Zoellner, C., et al, 2019. EnABLe: An agent-based model to understand Listeria dynamics in food processing facilities. Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, article 495. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36654-z.