ARCHIVED – Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada – Performance results by LINC level

LINC Level 2 Population

Clients in Training

Table 13: Number of Clients in LINC 2 Training by Province, 2003-2008

Source: iCAMS and HARTs, CIC

• Over the 2003-2008 period, an average of 13,200 clients took LINC 2 training annually. The annual total peaked at 13,648 in 2004 and lowest numbers were recorded in 2008 at 12,948.
• Ontario accounts for the majority of clients in LINC 2 training with 82 percent of clients taking training over the 2003-2008 period. Alberta accounts for 13 percent of clients during the same period with other provinces making up the other 5 percent.
• The distribution of clients has changed slightly over time with two notable trends emerging. For Ontario, the proportion of clients in training has declined steadily from 86 percent in 2003 to 80 percent in 2008. In contrast, Alberta has noted an increase accounting for 11 percent of clients in training in 2003 to 16 percent in 2008.

Table 14: Number of Clients in LINC 2 Training by Immigration Category, 2003-2008

Source: iCAMS and HARTs, CIC

• Family class immigrants make up the majority of LINC 2 clients in training at just over 5,000 per year or 40 percent of clients during the 2003-2008 period. Refugees account for 28 percent of LINC 2 clients while skilled workers were at 24 percent during the 2003-2008 period.
• The share of refugees taking LINC 2 training is fairly stable, ranging from 26 percent to 29 percent from one year to the next. In contrast, skilled workers have noted steady declines in LINC 2 training, falling from 29 percent of LINC clients in 2003 to 18 percent of LINC clients in 2008.

Clients with Completed Training

Table 15: Number of Clients Completing LINC 2 Courses by Province, 2003-2008

Source: iCAMS and HARTs, CIC

• Over the 2003-2008 period, an average of 4,600 clients completed LINC 2 courses annually. The annual total peaked at 5,140 in 2004 and lowest numbers were recorded in 2008 at 3,959.
• As might be expected, Ontario accounts for the majority of LINC 2 completions with 80 percent of all completions during 2003-2008. Alberta accounts for 16 percent of clients during the same period with other provinces making up the other 4 percent.
• As with the training data, the distribution of clients has also changed over time with two common trends emerging. For Ontario, the proportion of clients completing courses has declined steadily from 85 percent in 2003 to 75 percent in 2008. In contrast, Alberta has noted an increase, with 11 percent of clients in training in 2003 and 20 percent in 2008.

Table 16: Number of Clients Completing LINC 2 Courses by Immigrant Category, 2003-2008

Source: iCAMS and HARTs, CIC

• Looking at completions by category, family class immigrants make up the highest number of LINC 2 completions with an average of 1,740 clients completing courses (or 38 percent of total completions). Skilled workers average 1,350 completions (29 percent of total completions) and the average for refugees during 2003-2008 is 1,170 (26 percent of total completions).
• Skilled workers have the highest completion rates among all categories presented in this analysis. Over 2003-2008, 42 percent of skilled workers who were in LINC training completed a LINC course while the family class (33 percent) and refugees (32 percent) recorded lower completion rates.

Average Hours Taken to Complete LINC 2 Courses

• As shown in the table below, on average, a LINC 2 client spends an average of 368 hours in class to complete a LINC 2 course, ranging from a low of 324 hours for skilled workers to a high of 441 hours for refugees depending on the year.

Table 17: Average Hours Taken to Complete a LINC 2 Course by Immigration Category, 2005-2008

Source: iCAMS and HARTs, CIC

• Among all immigration categories, refugees spend 73 more hours, or 20 percent more time in class to complete a course than the average for all immigrants (368 hours). Family class immigrants and skilled workers spend comparable hours to complete a course (346 and 324 hours, respectively).
• Across provinces, the average number of hours range from a low of 278 hours in Nova Scotia to a high of 556 for New Brunswick, however it should be noted that these regions have relatively small numbers of clients completing courses. Given the large shares of  completions in Ontario and Alberta, it is not surprising to see the average number of hours for Ontario (372) and Alberta (359) very close to the national average (368).

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